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Topic: Battle of Spicheren

	Constantin von Alvensleben - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The battle of Spicheren, on the 6th of August, was initiated and practically directed throughout by him, and in the confusion which followed this victory, for which the superior commanders were not prepared, Alvensleben showed his energy and determination by resuming the advance on his own responsibility.
		This led to the great battles of the 14th, 16th and 18th of August around Metz, and again the III corps was destined, under its resolute leader, to win the chief credit.
		At the battle of Beaune-la-Rolande, the corps, with its comrades of Vionville, the X corps under General v.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Constantin_von_Alvensleben (719 words)

	On War by General Carl von Clausewitz Volume 1 BOOK IV: The Combat - History European
		How far this may influence the dispositions in the battle is not an affair of Strategy, but the decision to fight the battle is in intimate connection with it, as is shown by the direction given to our forces, and their general grouping, whether we threaten the enemy's flank or rear, or he threatens ours.
		At the battle of Kunersdorf,[] Frederick the Great at the first onset carried the left of the Russian position, and took seventy pieces of artillery; at the end of the battle* both were lost again, and the whole result of the first combat was wiped out of the account.
		The decision which is given by the great battle, depends, we have said, partly on the battle itself, that is on the number of troops engaged, and partly on the magnitude of the success.
	www.history1700s.com /page1586.shtml (15218 words)

	Franco-Prussian War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Main article: Battle of Wissembourg On learning that the Second Army was just 30 miles from Saarbrücken and was moving towards the border, General Frossard hastily withdrew the elements of Army of the Rhine in Saarbrücken back to Spicheren and Forbach.
		Main article: Battle of Sedan The French were soundly defeated in several battles owing to the military superiority of the Prussian forces and their commanders.
		However, the lessons of the battles of Mars-La-Tour and Gravelotte were forgotten, in which thousands of Germans perished in frontal assaults against entrenched French positions, and would have to be painfully re-learned in subsequent conflicts such as the Russo-Turkish War, 1877-78 and the Boer War.
	franco-prussian-war.iqnaut.net (5671 words)

	Helmuth von Moltke the Elder Summary
		The Battle of Worth was brought on prematurely, and therefore led, not to the capture of MacMahon's army, which was intended, but only to its defeat and hasty retreat as far as Chlons.
		The Battle of Spicheren was not intended by Moltke, who wished to keep Bazaine's army on the Saar till he could attack it with the second army in front and the first army on its left flank.
		At the Battle of Sedan, the two German armies surrounded the French army, which on September 1 was attacked and compelled to surrender.
	www.bookrags.com /Helmuth_von_Moltke_the_Elder (4788 words)

	Franco-Prussian War - IBWiki
		The army was still equipped with the "needle-gun" Dreyse rifle of fame from the Battle of Dresden during Austro-Prussian War 1866, but by this time was showing the age of its 25 year old design.
		The Battle of Wissembourg, on August 4, was the first of three back-to-back, major French defeats, followed by the Battle of Spicheren and the Battle of Worth.
		The French were soundly defeated in several battles owing to the military superiority of the Prussian forces and their commanders.
	ib.frath.net /w/Franco-Prussian_War (2692 words)

	Brujula.Net - Your Latin Stating Point (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Battle of Königgrätz but by this time was showing the age of its 25 year old design.
		The battle at first appeared in the French favor for they had better armed rifles, the Chassepot, which was a early bolt-action rifle replacing the musket with a range of over 1,500 yards, far superior to the Prussian Dreyse bolt-action rifle, also called the needle-gun, which had a range of only 600 yards.
		On September 1, 1870, the battle opened with the Army of Chalons, with 202 infantry battalions, 80 cavalry squadrons and 564 artillery guns, attacking the surrounding Prussian Third and Meuse Armies totaling 222 infantry battalions, 186 cavalry squadrons and 774 artillery guns.
	www.brujula.net /english/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War.html (4199 words)

	French-German War 1870-71 - Birth and unification of the German Empire
		This bloody little battle saw the unsupported division of Douay, with some attached cavalry, which was posted to watch the border, attacked in overwhelming but poorly co-ordinated strength by German 3rd Army.
		During the Battle of Worth the French are unable to hold their position along the French-Prussian border and begin the retreat from Alsace.
		The Battle of Gravelotte was the largest battle during the Franco-Prussian War.
	www.germannotes.com /hist_empire_franco_german_war.shtml (1866 words)

	Hermann von François - Wikipedia Mirror
		He was killed in action leading his men during the Battle of Spicheren on 6 August 1870, only several days before the Battle of Sedan.
		After winning the battle, François obeyed Prittwitz's order and withdrew 15 miles to the west, where three days later he fought Rennenkampf to a draw at the Battle of Gumbinnen.
		Following that battle and a change of overall commanders(Prittwitz was judged to have lost his nerve by the German High Command), François' corps was transferred by rail to the southwest, to confront the Russian Second Army advancing into southern East Prussia under the command of General Alexander Samsonov.
	www.wiki-mirror.us /index.php/Hermann_von_Francois (841 words)

	[No title]
		Until the battle where Stonewall Jackson fell, the tide of success was flowing, and had borne the flag of the new Confederacy within sight of the gates of Washington.
		The last great battle with the Indians east of the Ohio was fought in 1774, but the military experience of the pioneers was not confined to the warfare of the border.
		The scanty butcher's bills of the so-called battles made small appeal to the popular imagination, and the deeds of the soldiers in the western wilderness, gallant as they might be, aroused less interest in the States than the conflicts of the police with the New York mob.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/1/2/2/3/12233/12233-8.txt (20556 words)

	Forbach - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Its industries include the manufacture of tiles, pasteboard wares and gardening implements, while there are coal mines in the vicinity.
		After the battle on the neighbouring heights of Spicheren (6th of August 1870), in which the French under General Frossard were defeated by the Germans under General von Gliimer, the town was occupied by the German troops, and at the conclusion of the war annexed to Germany.
		On the Schlossberg near the town are the ruins of the castle of the counts of Forbach, a branch of the counts of Saarbriicken.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Forbach (154 words)

	The Battle.
		General François was killed along with many of his men, but sustained by their own guns down in the valley, which raked the French position with an accurate and concentrated fire; the Prussians could not be forced from the heights.
		To consolidate their hold on the position, and with great skill and courage, four guns were hauled up a rough track on the eastern face of the Rotherberg, these were soon joined by a further four cannon, also dragged up the steep track manually.
		The first wave of the attack crumpled as it came under massed artillery and chassepot fire, while the second wave, coming up through the Spicheren Forest was stalled by a well executed hit-and-run withdrawal to the crest by Laveaucoupet’s flank guard, the Prussians only gaining the summit well after night had fallen.
	www.battlefieldanomalies.com /spicheren/06.htm (1942 words)

	Battle of the Bulge
		When the Battle of the Bulge began, there were some feelings of surprise in the upper command levels of the military.
		On March 9th the battle for Forbach was over and the Allies, and the 749th, started the final run to Berlin.
		EDITOR NOTE: This is the first move of the 749th backward in reaction to the Battle of The Bulge which began December 16th.
	personal.pitnet.net /heathde/749/749-G.htm (5269 words)

	Discover the Wisdom of Mankind on HACKED BY TURK-SOPHİA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Battle of the Ford of Jacob's Daughters (en)
		Battle of the Hill of the Jews (en)
		Battle of the Hooves and the Harlots (en)
	www.blinkbits.com /wikifeeds/BA?from=30600 (137 words)

	Homepage of Spicheren
		It was established in 1934 as a memorial for the french soldiers that had fallen on 6 August 1870.
		It has survived 100 years of wars and battles.
		It was given to the town by the U.S. Army as a memorial.
	perso.orange.fr /spicheren.homepage/indexenglish.htm (79 words)

	DEBELLUM BY DR. PATRICK MARDER
		In this case, the account of Saint-Hilaire, a French officer directly present among the Mitrailleuses, it was the poor positioning of the battery, with their left flank directly opposite two batteries of enemy artillery, that invited the devastating counter-fire.
		Later in the battle they are used at all sorts of ranges; it seems that neither the crews nor senior commanders have an understanding of how best to employ the new weapon.
		SPICHEREN 6 AUGUST 1870 Simultaneous with Woerth came the battle of Spicheren, just across the river from Sarrebourg, the site of the Mitrailleuse’s baptism of fire.
	debellum.org /mitrailleuse.asp (3850 words)

	COUNT VON HELMUTH CARL... - Online Information article about COUNT VON HELMUTH CARL...
		battle of Nezib or Nisib, was the last portion of the Turkish army to run away.
		rear corps could not be made use of in a battle at the front.
		Saar till he could attack it with the second army in front and the first army on its left flank, while the third army was closing towards its rear.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /MOL_MOS/MOLTKE_HELMUTH_CARL_BERNHARD_CO.html (5464 words)

	Chapter 9
		It will also be observed that the end of strategy is the pitched battle." In this, Henderson had overshot Clausewitz, for in the philosopher's view, the end (goal) of strategy was peace, which was to be gained through victory, in the pursuit of which battle was the primary tool.
		His battle studies stress the need for initiative at all levels and the role of theory in educating an officer's judgment.
		In his study of the battle of Spicheren he faulted the French commanders for failing to recognize "the power of the offensive." (10) Again, whether this view was based on or enhanced by his direct study of Clausewitz or derived entirely from his practical study of the American Civil War is impossible to determine.
	www.clausewitz.com /CWZHOME/Bassford/Chapter9.htm (3562 words)

	The Franco-Prussian War quiz -- free game (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In general, the early battles of the war were marked by heavy French casualties and comparatively light German losses.
		Although he won most of his battles against the French, his unimaginative tactics led to high casualties.
		After suffering a number of defeats, he was surrounded with his army by German forces, and eventually surrendered on receiving news of the French defeat at Sedan.
	www.funtrivia.com /playquiz/quiz117051d688b0.html (566 words)

	Clasps to the KDM 1870/71
		The battle ends in a draw after the French fail to capitalize on their advantage, allowing the Prussians to cut off the French route of withdrawal.
		December 4, 1870: The second battle of Orléans leads to German reoccupation of the city (captured in October, it had been lost to the French after the defeat of the Bavarians at the battle of Coulmiers on Nov. 11) and the division of the Army of the Loire in two.
		December 7-11, 1870: A series of engagements between the Army Detachment, Prussian 2nd Army and the 2nd Army of the Loire is mostly indecisive, but eventually, having received no support from the 1st Army of the Loire, the French commander withdraws from the field to consolidate.
	home.att.net /~david.danner/militaria/KDM_1870-71.htm (1841 words)

	August Military History
		Battle of Peterwardein: Austria's Eugene of Savoy (40,000) routs 150,000 Turks
		Battle of Cassano d'Adda (Carcano): Lombad Guelfs defeat Frederick II A Bull of Pope Gregory IX formalizes the duties of military chaplains.
		Battle of Manzikert: Turks defeat and capture Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV Battle of Ascalon: Crusaders defeat the Fatimids
	www.strategypage.com /military_history_aug.asp (5227 words)

	Franco-Prussian War - Free net encyclopedia
		Their success was due in part to rapid mobilization by train, the first time a nation effectively used railroads to mobilize an army for war.
		Napoleon III was captured at the Battle of Sedan, followed by a prolonged siege of the French capital, Paris.
		This bloody little battle saw the unsupported division of General Douay of I Corps, with some attached cavalry, which was posted to watch the border, attacked in overwhelming but poorly coordinated strength by German 3rd Army.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Franco-Prussian_War (6961 words)

	Timelines - This Day in Alternate History
		Event Description: At the Battle of Wissembourg, a small French force defending Wissembourg from the Prussian Third Army manages to hold them off long enough for reinforcements to arrive.
		In the course of the battle, Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm is killed in action.
		In the ensuing battle, the Prussian force is completely annihalated.
	www.othertimelines.com /testing/viewtimeline.php?timelineID=2548 (529 words)

	274th Infantry Regiment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Willis worked out a plan using A and F companies to loop around opposite sides of Spicheren and then go for an objective on the high ground behind (north of) Spicheren, thus effectively isolating the assigned target.
		On the 21st, 1/275 and its heavy weapons were already posted on Pfaffenberg hill to the south of Spicheren.
		Grid line locations are referred to as Q 44-66, for the village of Spicheren, for instance.
	www.trailblazersww2.org /274/274_inf_spicheren_battle.htm (1336 words)

	Notes on the War. Engels 1870-71
		They have collected under shelter of that fortress four corps; they are trying to draw towards it some of Canrobert’s four divisions; they may hope soon to learn that the remaining three corps, of MacMahon, De Failly, and Douay, have reached the Moselle at Nancy and found shelter behind it.
		As to Spicheren, it is wrong to say that the French were in that engagement crushed by superior numbers.
		As to their common report that they were outnumbered, it is not to be forgotten that individual soldiers in a battle cannot possibly judge of numbers, and that it is the common assertion of all beaten armies.
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/1870/08/13.htm (1011 words)

	Games Depot
		General Frossard's II Corps, withdrawing after the engagement around Saarbrucken, is positioned on the Spicheren Heights.
		The battle of Spicheren set the pattern for a succession of Prussian victories.
		A French force of 32,000 in strong defences was blundered into by Prussian forces that built up in the course of the day as more units arrived, finally numbering 67,000 troops.
	www.wargamer.com /gamesdepot/details.asp?sid=3630 (99 words)

	Leaders and Battles: Spicheren,
		The battle is remarkable for the storming of the Rote Berg by I company of the 39th Regiment and 4 companies of the 74th Regiment, under General von Francois, who was killed.
		These 5 companies maintained their position throughout the afternoon, in face of a vastly superior force.
		This action is also known as the Battle of Forbach.
	www.lbdb.com /TMDisplayBattle.cfm?Bid=311 (113 words)

	Decorations of the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
		In the early stages of the war, the dragoons participated in the fighting at Spicheren and Wörth.
		The infantry regiment was badly mauled at Mars-la-Tour on August 16, 1870, and the commander was killed in action.
		Due to its casualties, the infantry regiment was then put on less stressful duty in the siege of Metz and Thionville.
	home.att.net /~david.danner/militaria/oldenburg.htm (1798 words)

	Battle of Worth, 1870 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Quite early in the morning we had already heard brisk firing, and gathered from it that probably the enemy were making a demonstration against the troops of the Vth and XIth Army Corps in course of changing their bivouacs.
		Directly I learnt of this state of affairs, I ordered the Vth Army Corps not to offer battle, and to avoid whatever might precipitate a new engagement, because I was unwilling, before the concentration of all my forces, to provoke a pitched battle, especially on such unfavourable ground.
		By this time Kirchbach had convinced himself of the considerable reinforcement of the enemy's front of attack, but was unwilling to allow Marshal MacMahon time to complete his deployment, and, encouraged by the advance begun from the south by the XIth Army Corps, had decided on the attack on Elsasshausen-Fröschweiler.
	www.hillsdale.edu /personal/stewart/war/19e/1870-Worth.htm (3536 words)

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