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	Battle of Stirling Bridge@Everything2.com
		The battle of Stirling Bridge was fought on the 11th September 1297 between an English army commanded by John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey and an army of Scottish rebels under the leadership of Andrew of Moray and William Wallace.
		Stirling Castle surrendered to the Scots and Marmaduke de Thweng found himself a prisoner of the Scots whilst Wallace spent most of the autumn of 1297 raiding far into Northumberland and Cumberland until Warenne finally got his act together and began securing the lowlands in early 1298.
		It was the news of the Scottish victory at Stirling Bridge that caused Edward and his domestic opponents to forget their differences and join together to face a common foe.
	everything2.com /index.pl?node_id=1432473 (1407 words)

	STIRLING - LoveToKnow Article on STIRLING (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The castle crowning the eminence is of unknown age, but from thetime that Alexander I. died within its walls in II24till the union of the crowns in 1603 it was intimately associated with the fortunes of the Scottish monarchs.
		Stirling is under the jurisdiction of a council with provost and bailies, and, along with Culross, Dunfermline, Inverkeitbing and Queensferry (the Stirling burghs) returns a member to Parliament.
		In 1641 Charles I. gave it its last governing charter, and four years afterwards parliament was held in Stirling on account of the plague in the capital, but the outbreak of the pest in Stirling caused the legislators to remove to Perth.
	92.1911encyclopedia.org /S/ST/STIRLING.htm (1895 words)

	Battle of Stirling Bridge - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of Stirling Bridge was one of the series of conflicts of the Wars of Scottish Independence.
		De Moray, with William Wallace as his captain, and their forces had come from besieging Dundee and stood situated on the high ground of Abbey Craig, across the Forth and to the north of Stirling.
		When asked by a local why the Battle of Stirling Bridge was filmed on an open plain, Gibson answered that "the bridge got in the way".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Stirling_Bridge (442 words)

	Stirling Council: Stirling » Stirling's history timeline » Battle of Stirling Bridge
		The Battle of Stirling Bridge was one of the series of conflicts of the Wars of Scottish Independence.
		Below Stirling the river was too deep and wide to cross, and to the west lay the impassible marsh known as Flanders Moss.
		Stirling Bridge served as a belt, tying the north and south of Scotland together.
	www.stirling.gov.uk /index/stirling/historytimeline/battlesb.htm (947 words)

	William Wallace - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On 11 September, 1297, Wallace achieved victory at the Battle of Stirling Bridge.
		Upon his return from the Battle of Stirling Bridge, Wallace was knighted, possibly by Robert the Bruce, and Wallace was named "Guardian of Scotland and Leader of its armies", now Sir William Wallace.
		His head was placed on a pike atop London Bridge, which was later joined by the heads of his brother, John, and Sir Simon Fraser.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/William_Wallace (2514 words)

	The STIRLING Area
		Stirling acquired historical prominence from its strategic location: most north-south traffic was forced to pass through the town, which had the only bridge over the river Forth.
		Highland drovers led their cattle south through Stirling to the tryst in Falkirk, and English invading troops were cut off at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297.
		Stirling itself is one of the principal towns of Scotland’s Central Region, lying at the northern edge of the flat Forth Valley.
	www.intstudy.com /study_abroad/livfiles/stirlling.htm (653 words)

	Battle - Cunnan
		Most medieval battles were either fought openly on a battlefield or sieges of fortifications.
		Types of battles are generally determined by two factors: what the objective is, and what sort of terrain the battle is held upon.
		Other forms of battles are possible, with goals like "keep a specific fighter alive," or "escort a non-combatant from one side of the field to the other," with the only real limitation being what the marshal can dream up.
	cunnan.sca.org.au /index.php?title=Battle&redirect=no (168 words)

	Clan Stirling Online! Research Library Article
		Stirling, royal burgh and seat of Stirling district lies Central region, Scotland, on the right bank of the River Forth.
		In the Battle of Stirling Bridge (1297), Sir William Wallace, the Scottish national leader, routed the English, and in 1314, at the Battle of Bannockburn (2.5 miles [4 km] south), the English under Edward II were defeated and the Scots regained their independence.
		The river is navigable up to Stirling for vessels of seventy or eighty tons burthen; but it is the only navigable river in Europe, perhaps, where the vessel, if depending on its sails alone to reach its destination, would require, in the space of a few miles, wind from every point of the compass.
	www.clanstirling.org /Main/lib/castle/StirlingCastle-PrintbyHall.html (380 words)

	stirling old bridge - stirling scotland
		This bridge was built around 1500 and was the lowest bridging point over the River Forth for almost four centuries.
		In 1571 a gallows was erected on the bridge to hang Archbishop Hamilton.
		Before this Bridge was built there were earlier structures, including the wooden bridge where Sir William Wallace defeated the English at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297.
	www.instirling.com /sight/bridge.htm (132 words)

	Battle of Stirling Bridge Wars of Independence (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Battle of Stirling bridge is very famous in Scottish history it was the first time that the greatest Scottish freedom fighter of all time had changed tactics from his guerrilla warfare against his enemy, to a head to head clash at Stirling.
		They knew it would be an intense battle and that the English enemy would be better armed and have more horses and men then the Scottish contingent, but they had a good battle plan and were quietly confident that if they could draw the English to them, then they could defeat them.
		He knew if he chose the ford he would have to split his army, he also was aware that some of the Scots who were fighting with him were on the verge of turning their coat and going back to the Scottish side of the fence.
	www.royalhouseofstewart.org.uk /batts.htm (1011 words)

	Stirling (Site not responding. Last check: )
		At the battle 40,000 troops lead by Robert Bruce, King of Scotland, intercepted a force of 60,000 English forces who were on their way to relieve the garrison at Stirling Castle.
		In the ensuing battle the English lost 10,00 men and the victory is believed by many to have lead to the eventual independence of Scotland.
		Whilst Stirling itself lay at such an important strategic point, being located at the first bridged crossing point of the Forth, the volcanic outcropping provided an excellent site for fortification and the earliest known works date back to the 11th century.
	www.callander-town.demon.co.uk /attractions/stirling.htm (696 words)

	BBC - Around Scotland, Wallace and Bruce - Info
		At the height of the battle, the bridge was cut and the men on it drowned.
		The Battle of Stirling Bridge, 11 September 1297 was a great military and moral victory for William Wallace and Andrew Moray and their army.
		The wooden bridge around which it was fought is depicted on the seal of the Royal burgh of Stirling.
	www.bbc.co.uk /scotland/education/as/warsofindependence/info.shtml?loc=bridge (442 words)

	Calvary Chapel, Stirling > About Stirling
		The history of Stirling is rich with legends and events from the figuire of William Wallace who fought and won the battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297 against an occupying English army, to the Battle of Bannockburn where Robert the Bruce's defeat of another English army in June 1314 secured Scottish independence.
		Stirling heritage dates back 800 years to the twelfth century, when the town first received the burgh title.
		Stirling's importance developed from the fact that it controlled the lowest crossing point of the River Forth.
	www.calvarystirling.org /stirling.html (264 words)

	Tour of Scotland
		The great battles of the Wars of Independence when Scotland struggled to be free of English domination — inevitably took place around Stirling, at Stirling Bridge in 1297 and at Bannockburn in 1314.
		Stirling Castle was the strategic military key to the kingdom, particularly during the 13th and 14th century Wars of Independence, and later the favourite royal residence of many of the Stuart monarchs.
		The Old Bridge succeeded earlier wooden structures including the wooden bridge which was at the centre of William Wallace’s victory over the English at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297.
	homepages.tesco.net /~scotlandweb/tour/0070.html (1654 words)

	TimeRef - History Timelines - Stirling Castle
		Stirling Castle is known as 'the Key to Scotland' this may be the most important and strategic castle in Scotland.
		Stirling castle was still under the control of English forces but was under siege from the Scots lead by Edward Bruce.
		Edward II and his army left Berwick to march to Stirling Castle which they had to reach before midsummer's day if the castle were to be saved from falling back into the hands of the Scots.
	www.btinternet.com /~timeref/hpl1562.htm (401 words)

	Battle of stirling bridge - Battle of Stirling Bridge - Eduseek (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The battle of Stirling Bridge was one of the many battles the Scots fought as they tried to free themselves from English rule.
		This not the original bridge of that battle, it was built a few hundred years later.
		At the time of the battle of Stirling Bridge, Wallace and de Moray were both Wallace's acclaim following the battle of Stirling Bridge was short-lived.
	acuvue.recommendlist.com /rl/acuvue-battle-of-stirling-bridge.htm (198 words)

	Stirling : Scottish Tourist Destination 20 minutes from Lenymede B and B
		To the north-east of Stirling are the Ochil Hills with their mill towns, to the west on the southern boundary of the Forth valley, the Gargunnock Hills and the Campsie Fells, and on the northern boundary The Trossachs, famed as the territory of Rob Roy.
		Stirling's principal church for nigh on 500 years, parts of the nave and tower still date back to the late fifteenth century.
		This late 15th Century bridge is the site of what used to be the lowest crossing point of the River Forth and it is here that Sir William Wallace defeated the English army in 1298.
	www.lenymede.demon.co.uk /stirling.html (1208 words)

	the Battle of Stirling Bridge
		At Stirling the neck of Scotland between the rivers Forth and Clyde is narrow enough to be a chokepoint and anyone wishing to dominate the country must hold that chokepoint.
		The river was crossed by a narrow bridge, only wide enough to permit the crossing of two horsemen abreast.
		The English were trapped in the bend of the river, unable to properly form up and with no hope of aid from their compatriots on the other side of the river.
	www.geocities.com /~mariannec/stirlingbrig.htm (1418 words)

	Fight for Freedom
		His small army was defeated at the Battle of Methven (1306), and then scattered at the Battle of Dalry (1306).
		After the death of Edward I in 1307, Bruce returned to Scotland and won Battles at Loudoun Hill (1307) the Pass of Brander (1307), where he defeated the MacDougalls; in Galloway, where the MacDowalls were crushed; and at Inverurie (1307) he destroyed the power of the Comyns, and their allies.
		Battles continued and although the Scots had the best of it, notably by defeating the English deep into England at the Battle of Byland, Edward II would not recognise Scotland’s independence nor would the pope.
	www.highlandtraveller.com /sites/battle/mapidepenbatt.html (1040 words)

	G. A. Henty : In Freedom's Cause : Chapter IX. The Battle of Stirling Bridge
		Three days before the battle the Steward of Scotland, the Earl of Lennox, and others of the Scotch magnates entered Surrey's camp and begged that he would not attack until they tried to induce the people to lay down their arms.
		The bridge was wide enough for but two, or at most three, horsemen to cross abreast, and when those who had crossed were attacked assistance could reach them but slowly from the rear.
		Immediately after the defeat at Stirling Bridge, King Edward summoned the Scottish nobles to join Brian Fitzallan, whom he appointed governor of Scotland, with their whole forces, for the purpose of putting down the rebellion.
	www.classicreader.com /read.php/sid.1/bookid.1819/sec.10 (3391 words)

	Stirling : Scottish Tourist Destination 20 minutes from Lenymede B and B
		To the north-east of Stirling are the Ochil Hills with their mill towns, to the west on the southern boundary of the Forth valley, the Gargunnock Hills and the Campsie Fells, and on the northern boundary The Trossachs, famed as the territory of Rob Roy.
		At the battle 40,000 troops lead by Robert Bruce, King of Scotland, intercepted a force of 60,000 English forces who were on their way to relieve the garrison at Stirling Castle.
		Whilst Stirling itself lay at such an important strategic point, being located at the first bridged crossing point of the Forth, the volcanic outcropping provided an excellent site for fortification and the earliest known works date back to the 11th century.
	members.tripod.com /callander/stirling.html (1264 words)

	Pictures of Stirling Bridge, Wallace Monument
		One of the best known battles linked to Stirling is the one at Stirling Bridge at the end of the 12th century, when William Wallace defeated the English army.
		Near the discovery spot a new bridge was erected, a stone one this time to remind of what has been the glorious Battle of Stirling.
		He was the one to lead the Scots to victory in the battle from Stirling Bridge.
	www.scotland-flavour.co.uk /stirling.html (419 words)

	William Wallace and the Battle of Stirling Bridge, Pt.2
		The battle tested Scots of Wallace's made a foil downhill charge towards the bridge; while in the meantime a masterly movement was executed by Sir Andrew de Moray, who by a quick detour got in between it and those who had already crossed the river, completely cutting off their retreat.
		This collapse, of which their are several versions, was a catastrophe to the English, together with the passage of the river by a body of Scots at the ford, when they fell on Surrey's rear, decided the victory for the Scots.
		By the result of this battle the English were driven out of Scotland, save for Roxburgh and Berwick, in the castles of which two tough garrisons of English maintained a stubborn resistance, till they were relieved by Surrey in Januarary, 1298.
	members.aol.com /skyelander/stir2.html (2481 words)

	Our Scottish History Forum (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The battle tested Scots of Wallace's made a foil downhill charge towards the bridge; while in the meantime a masterly movement was executed by Sir Andrew de Moray, who by a quick detour got in between it and those who had already crossed the river, completely cutting off their retreat.
		By the result of this battle the English were driven out of Scotland, save for Roxburgh and Berwick, in the castles of which two tough garrisons of English maintained a stubborn resistance, till they were relieved by Surrey in Januarary, 1298.
		His example was inspirational, his courage infectious, and his victory at Stirling Bridge a hinge upon which the door of the future turned.
	www.mactavish.org /historyforum/robertgunn/rg-ww2.htm (2499 words)

	Angry Pict: Scottish Battles: Battle of Stirling Bridge
		The Battle of Stirling Bridge was William Wallace´s most famous battle.
		A Scottish force of around 7,000 infantry and 150 cavalry under the command of Wallace and Andrew Murray defeated an English force of 18,000 infantry and 750 cavalry under the command of John de Warenne, the Earl of Surrey and Hugh de Cressingham.
		On the morning of battle the Scots occupied a commanding position to the north of the river on the Abbey Craig hill.
	www.angrypict.co.uk /stirlingbridge.html (247 words)

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