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Topic: Battle of Surigao Strait

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	Clinton Goveas :: Wikipedia Reference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The battles of 1943 had driven the Imperial Japanese Army from its bases in the Solomon Islands, and in 1944 a series of Allied amphibious landings supported by large carrier forces captured the Northern Mariana Islands.
		In the Battle of the Sibuyan Sea it was attacked by carrier aircraft and Musashi was sunk.
		This was also the last battle in which one force (the Americans, in this case) was able to cross the T of its opponent, enabling the U.S. ships to bring all their firepower to bear on the Japanese ships.
	www.clintongoveas.com /wikipedia/?title=Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf (4020 words)

	GlobalPinoy, Travel - Surigao City
		Surigao city is a part of the province located in the northeastern Mindanao area.
		Surigao’s history was dated as early as 1738, according to the records of Fray San Francisco de San Antonio, and was first recognized as Banahao.
		Also the battle between the US troops and the Japanese force fought in this valley of water during World War II and was branded to be as the “Battle of Surigao Strait”.
	www.globalpinoy.com /travel/province/surigaocity.php (447 words)

	Old Surigao City (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Surigao officially became the permanent residence of the Recollects on February 1, 1752 when all the canonical books were moved from Siargao to Surigao.
		It was through Surigao Strait that the fleet of Ferdinand Magellan after a brief stay at the island of Homonhon, sailed into the Philippine Archipelago during the epic voyage of discovery and eventual circumnavigation of the world in 1521.
		Likewise, it was this famous and historic body of water that the greatest naval battle in history known, as the "Battle of Surigao Strait" was fought in World War II, from October 25-26, 1944 between US and Japanese Fleets.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Cyprus/8446/sc.html (290 words)

	MilitaryHistoryOnline.com - Battle of Leyte Gulf Revisited (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		And because "The Battle for Leyte Gulf" didn’t change the situation on the ground in any important way, it can’t go down as a major victory unless the largely unknown fifth battle is included as part of it.
		It was that battle that determined the final fate of the Japanese in the central Philippines.
		Since the purpose of the Battle for/of Leyte Gulf was to secure the Gulf area, any fair-minded assessment has to include the contributions of Army land forces—particularly the 77th Division, destroyer squadrons that raided enemy re-supply bases on the island, and Marine Fighter-Bomber groups that dealt heavy blows to Japanese shipping.
	www.militaryhistoryonline.com /wwii/articles/leytegulfrevisited.aspx (648 words)

	WowSurigao! » 2005 » October (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Battle of Surigao Strait happened just midnight of October 24 and 25, 1944 when the last seen encounter of battleships between the American and Japanese naval forces took place there.
		The Battle of Surigao Strait was also known as the final return payment for Pearl Harbor and the last big-gun naval battle, for most of the American ships had been seriously damaged or sunk in December 1941.
		SURIGAO CITY — Surigao City police are still clueless on the persons responsible in last Friday afternoon’s ambush that killed four policemen one of whom is scheduled to retire next month.
	www.wowsurigao.com /?m=200510 (551 words)

	USS Newcomb (DD-586), Battle of Surigao Strait
		In all that distance (see chart at left), however, there are only two east-west passages suitable for navigation by a fleet: San Bernadino Strait (between the northern island of Luzon and Samar) and twenty-mile-wide Surigao Strait (between the islands of Leyte and Dinagat, off southern Mindanao).
		Strait from the west and two elements of a weaker Southern Force approached Surigao Strait.
		Temporarily stalled by aircraft attacks (Battle of the Sibuyan Sea), the Center Force passed through San Bernadino Strait in the early hours of 25 October.
	www.destroyerhistory.org /fletcherclass/ussnewcomb/surigaostrait.html (354 words)

	Glorious Death: The Battle of Leyte Gulf, October 23rd -- 25th, 1944 by Tim Lanzendörfer
		The four-day battle of Leyte Gulf in October 1944 marked the eclipse of Imperial Japanese naval power, the last sortie in force of the Imperial Navy, and the largest naval battle ever fought on the face of the earth.
		The Battle of Surigao Strait must rate as one of the primary puzzles of the entire Leyte Gulf operation.
		And though the battle of Leyte Gulf ended on a sour note for the U.S., the fact remained that on the evening of October 26th, 1944, there remained no Navy on any of the planet’s seven seas that would be capable of challenging Allied naval dominance.
	www.microworks.net /pacific/battles/leyte_gulf.htm (6554 words)

	The Battle of Surigao Strait was one of the four separate actions known collectively as the Battle of Leyte Gulf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Battle of Surigao Strait was one of the four separate actions known collectively as the Battle of Leyte Gulf.
		It was a confused action, but one destroyer's spread of five torpedoes must have hit the Fuso amidships, for she was seen to explode and break into two halves which drifted apart before they sank.
		Surigao Strait was the last action between battleships, and it is fitting that it should have culminated in traditional battle-line maneuvering.
	www.xsouth.freeserve.co.uk /battle_of_surigao_strait_was_one.htm (516 words)

	SurigaoIslands.com :: Places of interest in Surigao, Tourist destination Surigao Philippines,Philippine Touris ...
		On the South by the provinces of Agusan del Norte and Surigao del Sur.
		Composed of Dinagat, Siargao and Bucas Grande Islands, it is comprised of 27 Municipalities and the City of Surigao in mainland Mindanao.
		Surigao is a tempting destination for its natural wonders and friendly people.
	www.surigaoislands.com /places.html (390 words)

	LEYTE GULF - The Battle of Surigao Strait (D Llewellyn James)
		On the afternoon of 24 October all 39 Seventh Fleet torpedo-boats available moved at high speed, through Leyte Gulf and Surigao Strait, into the Mindanao Sea south of Leyte, and by dusk were in position on their patrol-lines in 13 sections of three boats each.
		Nishimura, advancing towards Surigao Strait, at about 1830 received Kurita's signal that the latter's powerful Centre Force had been delayed by heavy air attacks in the Sibuyan Sea, which meant the Nishimura could not hope to be supported by Kurita in his attack on Leyte Gulf.
		As the battle between Nishimura and the PT boats was ending the battle between his force and the American destroyers began.
	www.angelfire.com /fm/odyssey/LEYTE_GULF_Surigao_Strait_.htm (4316 words)

	Battleship Reunion - Dustin Lemmon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In the battle, the U.S. battleships West Virginia, California, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Tennessee and Mississippi sunk three or four Japanese battleships in the strait between the southern Philippine islands of Mindanao and Leyte, crippling the Japanese southern fleet and securing the Philippines.
		The battle, which started shortly before 4 a.m., was over in a matter of minutes, said Ed Lechner, a lieutenant commander aboard the Mississippi.
		Lechner, of Shaker Heights, Ohio, said the Japanese were trying to pin the U.S. ships in the middle of the strait, but miscommunication ruined their plans and left three or four of the Japanese ships open to a strike from the U.S. battleships.
	www.usswestvirginia.org /stories/battlshipreunion.htm (605 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Being apart of a larger engagement, the battle of Surigao Strait was the final piece in an overall attempt to gain control over the seas around the southern Philippines.
		The main problem that presented itself to the American battle fleet is its desperate lack of actual ammunition for its battleships large main guns.
		With the battle that was going to ensue, which the American fleet knew was coming, Olendorf informed his battleships that they were not to fire their main batteries unless Japanese vessels were within 20,000 yards.
	webpub.allegheny.edu /student/b/brickej/Turk4.doc (2017 words)

	Naval Institute Resources: The Battle of Leyte Gulf Collection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The last great naval battle of World War II, Leyte Gulf also is remembered as the biggest naval battle ever fought anywhere, and this book has been called the best account of it ever written.
		First published in hardcover on the battle’s fiftieth anniversary in 1994 and drawing on materials not previously available, it blends history with human drama to give a real sense of what happened--despite the mammoth scope of the battle.
		Marc A. Mitscher, an early naval aviator and commanding officer of the carrier Hornet during the Doolittle raid on Japan in April 1942 and the Battle of Midway in June 1942, was Commander Task Force 38 during the Battle of Leyte Gulf.
	www.usni.org /resources/LeyteGulf/LeyteGulf.htm (808 words)

	Art House Films DVD: The Last Big-Gun Naval Battle: The Battle of Surigao Strait - $26.95 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Battle of Leyte Gulf -- fоur major actions -- was the greatest sea battle in history.
		The Surigao Strait action is considered the Navy's grеаtеst single triumph, a model of timеing, coordination and execution.
		While only one сhарtеr is dedicated to the Battle of Surigao Strait, Howard Sauer sреакs frоm his experience as an officer in the gunnery department.
	www.arthouse-films.com /tov31383839393031303833.html (396 words)

	Chapter 5 - Copyright © 2001 Robert Jon Cox
		The American battleline, steaming in formation across the end of the strait, would be in position to bear all their guns on the approaching fleet as it exited the strait one-by-one.
		On station northwest of Hibuson island at the northern entrance to Surigao Strait were all six old battleships, four heavy cruisers, and four light cruisers.
		This was to be the only significant damage suffered by the Americans during the Battle of Surigao Strait, except for a few unlucky PT boats which received only minor damage.
	www.bosamar.com /book/bosc5.html (4383 words)

	DD 972 Oldendorf
		As part of a reorganization by the Pacific Fleet's surface ships into six core battle groups and eight destroyer squadrons, with the reorganization scheduled to be completed by October 1, 1995, and homeport changes to be completed within the folowing, year, the USS Oldendorf was reassigned to Destroyer Squadron 23.
		The Carl Vinson Battle Group and the Boxer ARG were to relieve the USS Abraham Lincoln Battle Group and the USS Essex ARG, which had been forward-deployed for the previous five months to the Western Pacific, Indian Ocean and the Arabian Gulf.
		Suriagao Strait was one of a series of battles that took place in the aftermath of General Douglas MacArthur's return to the Philippines in 1944.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/agency/navy/dd-972.htm (1997 words)

	Surigao del Norte-LAND
		It is bounded on the north and east by the vast Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Provinces of Agusan del Norte and Surigao del Sur, and on the west by the historic Surigao Strait.
		Mainland Surigao del Norte is a cradle of civilization of the province.
		Such is the image of Surigao del Norte.
	members.tripod.com /~hnricbtn/SNland.html (312 words)

	Amazon.ca: The Last Big-Gun Naval Battle: The Battle of Surigao Strait: An Eyewitness Account: Books: Howard Sauer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Battle of Leyte Gulf -- four major actions -- was the greatest sea battle in history.
		The Surigao Strait action is considered the Navy's greatest single triumph, a model of timeing, coordination and execution.
		This is a unique, behind-the-guns view; a gripping eye-witness account riding the battle line at Surigao int he last Crossing of the 'T'.
	www.amazon.ca /Last-Big-Gun-Naval-Battle-Eyewitness/dp/1889901083 (375 words)

	Navy SEALs.com - Articles: Viewing Article
		THE BATTLE AT Surigao Strait, described above, was only one engagement within the larger Battle of Leyte Gulf, which took place in the Philippine Sea during October of 1944.
		The clash in Leyte Gulf is regarded as the largest naval battle in history, but it is the battle at Surigao Strait which has for years captured the imagination of naval historians.
		The dominance of the carrier in naval combat had become apparent more than two years prior at the Battle of Midway, and the obsolescence of the battleship, in turn, heralded the rapid decline of the gun as the primary weapon of the U.S. surface fleet.
	www.navyseals.com /community/articles/article.cfm?id=7914 (1794 words)

	Surigao City - Gateway to Mindanao (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Italian adventurer Francisco Giovani Careri, who published a book of travel in the country, cited Francisco Combes, S.J. as a source in saying that Calagan is derived from the two Visayan words: kalag or calag which means soul or people and an for land.
		Likewise, it was this famous and historic body of water that the greatest naval battle in history known, as the "Battle of Surigao Strait" was fought in World War II, from October 24-25, 1944 between US and Japanese Fleets.
		Surigao probably came from the Spanish Surgir, meaning swift water or current.
	www.surigao-city.de /history.html (354 words)

	Navy League of the United States - Citizens in Support of the Sea Services
		By DAVID F. If the battle for Surigao Strait, fought early on the morning of Oct. 25, 1944, ranks as one of the most decisive in American naval history, the engagement off Samar that occurred shortly thereafter rates as one of the most heroic.
		On the previous day, in the battle of the Sibuyan Sea, American Third Fleet aircraft ripped into the advancing battleships and cruisers of Vice Adm. Takeo Kurita’s First Striking Force, claiming the super-battleship Musashi.
		As the battle off Samar unfolded, the fourth component of what became known as the battle for Leyte Gulf took place to the north.
	www.navyleague.org /sea_power/nov_04_34.php (778 words)

	Battle of Surigao Strait [Archive] - World War II Zone Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		October 14th, 2006, 11:38 PM During the night of 25 Oct 1944, Rear Admiral Jesse Oldendorf's fleet of surface vessels lay in ambush.
		The Battle of Surigao Strait was to become the last engagement where battleships faced each other in combat.
		Sadly, at the conclusion of this battle, the battleship Fuso was broken in half and sunk.
	worldwartwozone.com /forums/archive/t-1427.html (198 words)

	Battle of Leyte Gulf
		Three Japanese carriers were sunk in the battle, and the IJN lost nearly 500 carrier- and land-based aircraft in two days.
		The Battle of Leyte Gulf consisted of two preliminary strikes against the Japanese forces on the way to battle and three massive engagements once the fleets tangled.
		In order for Nishimura to pass the strait and reach the Leyte landings, he would have to run a gauntlet of torpedoes from PT boats, evade two groups of destroyers, proceed up the strait under close-range fire from six battleships and then break through a screen of cruisers and destroyers.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1757.html (1964 words)

	UVa Statistics: The Battle of Leyte Gulf
		The destruction of Japanese naval air power in the Battle of the Philippine Sea forced the Imperial Navy to prepare for a decisive battle using surface ships.
		The Battle of Leyte Gulf included four decisive naval actions: that of the Sibuyan Sea on Oct. 24; the Battle of Surigao Strait on Oct. 24 and 25; the Battle off Samar on Oct. 25, and the Battle off Cape Engano on Oct. 25 and 26.
		Hoyt, Edwin P. The Battle of Leyte Gulf: The Death Knell of the Japanese Fleet.
	www.stat.virginia.edu /leyte.html (1032 words)

	The Battle of Leyte Gulf
		The US Third Fleet launches concentrated air attacks against the heavy surface units of the Japanese Navy in the Battle of the Sibuyan Sea.
		The PT boats, destroyers, cruisers and old battleships of the US Seventh Fleet engage two veteran battleships and supporting elements of the Japanese Navy in the Battle of Surigao Strait.
		And, in the ultimate objective of the Japanese plan, the heaviest elements of the Japanese surface fleet throw themselves against the woefully unprotected invasion forces in the Battle off Samar.
	www.battleship.org /html/Articles/History/Leyte1.htm (671 words)

	Mark Bernstein: Salute
		"The Battle of Surigao Strait marks the end of an era in naval warfare.
		It was the last naval battle in which air power played no part, except in the pursuit.
		It was the last engagement of a battle line.
	markbernstein.org /Feb0401/Salute.html (265 words)

	Memo to CDR45 from CO
		Hardy who received the Silver Star for this operation of the Battle of Surigao Strait.
		Enclosed is copy of our action report of the Battle of Surigao Strait which may be of interest to you.
		It is clear that the escorts made a suicide torpedo attack, and the CVE air groups made repeated attacks throughout the day with heavy losses.
	bobrosssr.tripod.com /480co-memo.html (1331 words)

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