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	Battle of Talas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of Talas in 751AD was a conflict between the Arab Abbasid Caliphate and the Chinese Tang Dynasty for control of Central Asia.
		Among the earliest historians to proclaim the importance of this battle was the great Russian historian of Muslim Central Asia, Barthold, according to whom it "determined the question which of the two civilizations, the Chinese or the Muslim, should predominate in the land (of Turkestan)." [1]
		Nor did the Turkic tribes of the region convert to Islam after the battle -- the date of their conversion was much later in the 10th century by Musa [2].
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Talas_River (1089 words)

	History of Jihad against the Buddhist Chinese (650 -751) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		River, the Chinese general Kao (of Korean origin), decided to resist the Muslim invasion and marched towards Aulie-Ata on the Talas river with 100,000 Chinese troops in cavalry and infantry divisions.
		B>The fallout of the Battle of the Talas river
		But the Muslim victory on the Talas river had its fallout in the conversion of the Chinese border population to Islam, the Qarluq Turks were followed by the Ughirs and the Hui Chinese (an branch of the Han Chinese) into accepting the faith imposed on them by the Arabs.
	www.historyofjihad.org /china.html (2844 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : The Battle of Talas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Medievalists, military historians, Arabists, and Sinologists have debated the long-term political ramifications of the Battle of Talas.
		Simmering opposition to the policies of Emperor Hsuan-tsung culminated in the revolt of 755, and the combination of external pressures and internal convulsions left China enervated and in a woeful state of decline.
		The defeat at Talas, therefore, did not by itself drive China permanently out of West Turkestan; it was a weakened China's manifest inability to bounce back after Talas that proved decisive in the end.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/198205/the.battle.of.talas.htm (1680 words)

	Talas River - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Talas River crosses the territory of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan.
		It is formed from the confluence of the Karakol and Uchkosha, running down the Kyrgyz Ridge and the Talas Alatau.
		During the Battle of Talas (named after the river) in 751, the combined Arab, Kyrgyz and Nepali forces defeated the invading Tang Chinese blocking Tang Dynasty's westward expansion, and acquiring the Chinese secret of paper manufacturing.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talas_River (116 words)

	phorum - Chinese Culture Forum at Asiawind - The historical significance of the Battle of Talas River
		Before the battle it was the Chinese who controlled the eastern part of the Silk Road through Central Asia and with it the trade revenues from the Silk Road flowed into the Central Country.
		The defeat at Talas River and the Civil War between 755 and 763 AD marked the end of the Golden Age of Chinese Civilisation and the beginning of its long decline.
		The Battle of Talas River, I think, was one of those pivotal events in history that determine the paths of civilisations.
	www.asiawind.com /forums/read.php?f=2&i=2601&t=2601 (1688 words)

	Battle of Talas - China History Forum, chinese history forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		750 to 1167 751 AD 751 AD: Battle of Talas: The Tang Chinese were defeated by the Moslem Arabs at the battle of the Talas River northeast of Tashkent.
		Tang suffered much bigger defeats than Talas, against Saqal in 707 when Saqal cut the Tarim routes as well as against the Tibetans in the late 7th century when the Tang army there is as large as 100,000 opposed to the small 30,000 in Talas of which not all of them are even Tang troops.
		In the battle of Talas River, Gao Xianzhi (Tang's Korean-born general) was confident in Tang's 20,000 troops that he commanded to face up to the some estimated 150,000 Arabs/Turks/Tibetans.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=725&st=30 (2852 words)

	Comparative Index to Islam : CHINA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Chinese were led by Kao Hsien-Chih, who won earlier battles in Gilgit and in the Farghana region.
		After the battle of the Talas River, the Muslim forces did not pursue the Chinese into central Asia.
		The Battle of Talas was minor from a military standpoint.
	answering-islam.org /Index/C/china.html (481 words)

	Daniel A. Foss, Third and sixth century crises east and west
		In a scene reminiscent of Goths fleeing across the Danube in 376 and Slavs crossing the same river after 565, tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands of Chinese peasants, led or herded by aristocrats, moved to the Yangzi valley from North China which was under invasion from the Five Barbarians (Turks, Mongols, proto-Tibetans).
		By the time the economies of both, especially the Arab empire, commenced to flourish again in the eighth century, and Arab bureaucracy (not to mention culture) had developed apace with the capture of Chinese papermakers at the Battle of the Talas River (751), mere decades separated this florescence from the Zanj rebellion (869-888).
		The northern cavalry was neutralized by Yangzi valley mud at the Battle of the Fei River.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/55/046.html (2038 words)

	Wolfgang Tiemann: PapeRRoads - Migrating Media through 1250 Years
		Du Hwai was one of the Chinese soldiers who were defeated and arrested at the famous battle of Talas.
		Together with T'u chueh, the Uigur and the Khitan tribes they were defeated at the battle of Talas, giving room for the rise of a new Iranian power, the Saminid dynasty.
		The battle at the Talas river in Central Asia and that of Poitiers in France, the transition from the Umayyad to the Abassid regime in Arabia - three events defining the new horizon of the "world".
	www.eastwestculture.org /paperroads/paperroads_mm1.html (515 words)

	Most Influencial Battles.... - Alternate History Discussion Board
		The Battle of Hastings, The Norman Conquest, 1066:
		However, the significance of that battle was rather minor in the long run, unlike that of Adrianople.
		Even then, Adrianople might be somewhat of an overrated battle, as the Roman army defeated by the Goths was that of the Eastern Emperor Valens - the Western Empire's troops were not involved in the battle at all.
	www.alternatehistory.com /discussion/showthread.php?t=3701 (1466 words)

	Untitled Document
		Islam's widespread emergence coupled with China's over-expansion, led to the Battle at Talas River, the only battle between Arab Muslim forces and the army of the Chinese Empire.
		The Arabs were put in a position to extend their Islamic influence throughout central Asia and its silk routes.
		But most importantly, the Battle of Talas led to the An Lushan revolt, which broke out in 755.
	www.thenagain.info /WebChron/China/Talas.html (394 words)

	. o O T H E U Y G U R S O o .
		In 670, 688, 692 A.D., the Uyghurs, the Kok Turk and the Shato joined the Tibetan Armies in their military expeditions in capturing the Chinese invasion strongholds in north and northeast Central Asia.
		After the fall of the Kok-Turk Empire in Central Asia, the Uyghurs established their first true state in 744, with the city of Karabalgasun, on the banks of the Orkhun River, as its capital.
		In 751, a Chinese army was disastrously defeated at the battle of Talas River by the Arabs, Tibetans, and the Uyghurs.
	members.tripod.com /Bezgo003/uygur.html (865 words)

	China History Forum, chinese history forum > Battle of Talas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		For the chinese source, this battle was less-mentioned due to the defeat of Tang by the Arabs.
		The Chinese defeat at Talas could have meant the loss of their control over the Silk Road in the long term, but it didn't matter because just four years later An Lushan made it happen in the short term by throwing north China into chaos.
		Mar 4 2005, 11:58 PM In the battle of Talas River, Gao Xianzhi (Tang's Korean-born general) was confident in Tang's 20,000 troops that he commanded to face up to the some estimated 150,000 Arabs/Turks/Tibetans.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /lofiversion/index.php/t725.html (5037 words)

	«THE TATAR GAZETTE»
		The name “Uygur” is mentioned in the Chinese chronicles of the third century B.C. Ancient Greek, Iranian, and Chinese sources of those times placed Uygurs and their tribes, and sub-tribes in the vast area between the Yellow River, Eastern Turkestan and the Mongolian steppes.
		The Uygurs established their first state in 744, with the city of Karabalgasun, on the banks of the Orkhun River, as its capital.
		In 751, the Chinese army was disastrously defeated at the battle of Talas River by the Arabs, Tibetans, and the Uygurs.
	www.members.tripod.com /tatargazeta/eng_130.html (986 words)

	UCA Website (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		At that time, the army of Tang China was defeated by Muslim Abbasids at the Battle of Talas in 751, and the Tang began to withdraw from Central Asia.
		After the defeat of his army at Talas, the Tang emperor’s authority was damaged and many rebellions (incluiding the An Lu-Shan Rebellion) broke out throughout China.
		751: Battle of Talas; Tang withdraw from Eastern Turkistan; Bayan Chor’s invasion of the Tarim Basin
	www.uyghurcanadian.org /history.html (2852 words)

	Wes’s Wild and Woolly History Section (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Spanish Armada battle is well-known but is often taught, perplexingly, in the absence of its context and of its fascinating aftermath, a protracted and intermittent Anglo-Spanish War that lasted from 1585-1604 and of which the Spanish Armada was an important, but early battle with results not nearly as decisive as many believe.
		Historical junctures and linchpin battles are always a favorite topic for historians both amateur and professional, whether huddled around a college seminar room table or arrayed on a row of barstools sipping a pint after work.
		Talas itself was a pitched but relatively small-scale military encounter, one in which the rival armies clashed briefly and the Arabs refrained even from pursuing their defeated opponents when the latter were most vulnerable.
	www.people.fas.harvard.edu /~ulm/history/index.html (3354 words)

	Asia Finest Discussion Forum > Chinese Historical Battles
		Jun 6 2004, 12:10 AM This is a post for posting and discussing important battles and campaigns in Chinese history.
		Paper manufacturing, an unexpected byproduct from the Battle of Talas, was first spread to Samarkand and Baghdad, then from there carried to Damascus, Cairo, and Morocco, and finally entered Europe through Italy and Spain.
		This diffusion originated when Chinese prisoners who knew how to make paper, an art discovered in China at least 650 years earlier, were taken by the Arabs at the Talas River.
	www.asiafinest.com /forum/lofiversion/index.php/t9090.html (499 words)

	[No title]
		After the Banu Quraiza surrendered, all the men were beheaded, the women and children taken as slaves, and the property distributed as booty.
		Though the battle was an embarrassment for the Moslems, Mohammed stayed on the field after most others had fled and continued to rally his fleeing troops to return to the field of battle.
		It was probably the most populous and wealthy area in the Middle East, and the intensive irrigation agriculture of the lower Tigris and Euphrates rivers and of tributary streams such as the Diyala and Karun formed the main resource base of the Sasanian monarchy.
	www.howardbloom.net /miliant_islam_timeline.htm (6424 words)

	The Human Venture: The Great Enterprise, A World History to 1500, Vol I Chapter 21 -- True/False
		Vietnam broke her formal connection with China during the tenth century.
		After the Battle of Talas River, Chinese warriors adopted the code of the bushido to enhance their fighting ability.
		The most powerful of the great clans of Japan during the Heian period were the Kamakura.
	cwx.prenhall.com /bookbind/pubbooks/esler/chapter21/truefalse1/deluxe-content.html (151 words)

	Time line of hate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		634 Battle of the Bridge—beginning of conquest of Iraq[xxv]
		Islamic armies defeated the Sasanids in 642 at the Battle of Nahavand (near modern Hamadan, Iran) and advanced into the Afghan area, but they were unable to hold the territory; cities submitted, only to rise in revolt, and the hastily converted returned to their old beliefs once the armies had passed.
		Babur's invasion of India culminated in the battle of Panipat (1526) and the occupation of Delhi and Agra.
	www.kafirnation.com /timeline.htm (18716 words)

	Brief History of the Uyghers
		Ancient Greek, Iranian, and Chinese sources placed Uygurs with their tribes, and sub-tribes in the vast area between the west banks of the Yellow River in the east, Eastern Turkestan in the west, and in the Mongolian steppe in the northeast as early as 300 B.C. Early History
		In 670, 688, 692 A.D., the Uygurs, the Kok Turk and the Shato joined the Tibetan Armies in their military expeditions in capturing the Chinese invasion strongholds in north and northeast Central Asia.
		After the fall of the Kok-Turk Empire in Central Asia, the Uygurs established their first true state in 744, with the city of Karabalgasun, on the banks of the Orkhun River, as its capital.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/55/041.html (3381 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Defeat of Tang Dynasty in the Battle of Talas River and the Transfer of Chinese Civilizations 　　The Battle of Talas River broke out between the troops of Tang Dynasty and Arab Empire (Abbasside) in 751, AD.
		The causes of the battle were of that Shi Guo, a temporal vassal state of Tang Dynasty in the Western Regions, dishonored it, and that Kao Hsien-chih, chief commander of Anxi of Tang Dynasty, resorted to sabre-rattle in response to its arrogance.
		But the battle led to the westward transfer of Chinese civilizations, especially the technique of paper manufacturing, as an unexpected byproduct from it.
	www.tangf.net /article/goarticel.php?id=6 (203 words)

	SCC Forums > Global Medieval Era History quiz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Name the Chinese General in command, and the effect this battle had on Western History.
		At it's height of power, it's influence reached all the way to Central Asia where it fought the Arabs in the year 751 at the Battle of Talas, resulting in Chinese defeat, and begining the decline of the Tang, and the indirect discovery of paper to leak into the west.
		Gao Xianzhi was the commander of the Tang forces in the battle of Talas River.
	www.stratcommandcenter.com /forums/lofiversion/index.php/t813.html (892 words)

	751
		We had thought this man a patient fool, a philosopher his quiet manner of going about, and the gentleness of was, and whether his baby had been well-trussed), the mild cheek to everything.
		Enough morning, the only Doones still left alive were the Doones (inhabited with luxury, and luscious taste, and potash in the river.
		This may seem a violent and unholy revenge upon them.
	www.findword.org /75/751.html (273 words)

	Sci-fi in Islam: Alternative History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Edward Gibbon wrote a famous passage on the Battle of Tours (732), what if the Muslims had won in that battle, which sort of an alternative history.
		Responsible for the successful execution of the Sultan's plan, Abdul slowly realizes with horror that the fate of the entire Solar system could be resting on his shoulders.
		Timeline 836: What if the turks were defeated at the battle of Menikret.
	www.cs.rit.edu /~maa2454/SCIFI/alt_history.html (1977 words)

	Baxter's EduNET - Time Machine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Chinese expansion to the west was defeated by an Arab army at the battle of the battle of the Talas River in 751 AD (in modern Kyrgyzstan).
		The Magyars raided throughout Germany and even into France, one campaign reaching up to the Spanish border.
		Decisively defeated at the battle of Augsburg in Germany in 955, and shortly after converting to Christianity, they settled down and founded the Magyar kingdom of Hungary.
	www.edunetconnect.com /cat/timemachine/1200nea.html (259 words)

	Cai Lun - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Cai invented paper in AD It immediately became widely used in China.
		In 751, some Chinese paper makers were captured by Arabs after Tang troops were annihilated in the Battle of Talas River.
		The techniques of paper making then spread to the West.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Cai_Lun (309 words)

	Table of contents for Library of Congress control number 2005282617
		Table of contents for 50 battles : 5,000 years of conflict : over 50 maps, conflicts that changed the world / Jay Kimmel ; forward [sic] by Earl H. Tilford.
		The Battle of Talas River, Central Asia, 751 C.E.....................................
		The Battle of El Alamein, Oct. 23-Nov. 4, 1942.........................................................141 39.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/fy0607/2005282617.html (179 words)

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