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Battle of Toulouse (1814)

Battle of Tours

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	Battle of Toulouse (721) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is problematic, however, because even had the Arabs won at Toulouse, they still would have had to conquer the Franks to have retained control of the region.
		However, virtually all historians agree that the Christian victory at Toulouse was important in a macrohistorical sense; it gave Charles Martel badly needed time to strengthen his grip on power and build the veteran army which stood him in such good stead 11 years later at Tours.
		Gibbons and other historians believe that Charles Martel was well aware of the growing storm from Muslim Spain and his primary focus in the decade between the Battles of Toulouse and Tours was to prepare for the later.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Toulouse_(721) (501 words)

	Toulouse : Battle of Toulouse : Napoleonic Wars : Duke of Wellington : Marshal Soult : Peninsular War : Napoleon ...
		Toulouse : Battle of Toulouse : Napoleonic Wars : Duke of Wellington : Marshal Soult : Peninsular War : Napoleon Bonaparte :
		The last major battle of the Peninsular War was fought over the important southern French city of Toulouse and - like many of the Duke of Wellington's attacks on fortified strongholds - proved a bloody affair.
		The main British battle plan was to take the heights overlooking the city from the east and make the defenders' position untenable.
	www.napoleonguide.com /battle_toulouse.htm (300 words)

	Battle of Covadonga - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of Covadonga was the first major victory by a Christian military force in Iberia following the Islamic Moors' conquest of that country in 711.
		On July 9, 721, an Islamic force that crossed the Pyrenees and invaded the Kingdom of the Franks was defeated by them near Toulouse, in the Battle of Tours, in modern France.
		The Christian accounts of the battle claim that the slaughter among the Moors was great, a claim that in this case is probably true.
	www.wikipedia.com /wiki/Battle_of_Covadonga (582 words)

	Battle of Quatre Bras -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Battle of Quatre Bras was fought between contingents of the Anglo-allied army and the left wing of the French Army on June 16 1815 near the crossroads of (Click link for more info and facts about Quatre Bras) Quatre Bras, in Belgium.
		At the beginning of the battle Marshal Michel Ney, with the left wing of the Armee du Nord, faced a force of less than 10,000 Anglo-allied troops under the command of The Duke of Wellington, near the crossroads of Quatre Bras.
		The battle was fought around the crossroads of Quatre-Bras, a small hamlet with only four houses.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/B/Ba/Battle_of_Quatre_Bras.htm (832 words)

	Encyclopedia: Battle of Toulouse (1814) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The battle of Toulouse, fought on April 10, 1814 occurred four days after Napoleon had surrendered in Paris to the victorious Prussians.
		The hundreds of soldiers killed in the battle had died unneccessarily, as the war was already over, though news had yet to reach the south of France.
		The French under Marshal Soult, Duke of Dalmatia, were recovering from the disasterous battles of the past two years, in which the French had been driven from Spain entirely while Napoleon and the remnants of the Grande Armee retreated from their doomed invasion of Russia.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Battle-of-Toulouse-(1814) (752 words)

	CHARLES MARTEL FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Odo, hero of Toulouse, was badly defeated in the Muslim invasion of 732 at the Battle_of_the_River_Garonne, where the western chroniclers stated, "God alone knows the number of the slain," and fled to Charles, seeking help.
		During the battle, the Franks defeated the Islamic army and the emir was killed.
		Rahman had doubts before the battle that his men were ready for such a struggle, and should have had them abandon the loot which hindered them, but instead decided to trust his horsemen, who had never failed him.
	www.flowergods.com /Charles_Martel (835 words)

	Toulouse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Toulouse is a city in southern France on the shores of the Garonne river.
		Toulouse suffered the explosion of the AZF chemical plant on September 21, 2001.
		Toulouse is known as the "Pink City" ("Ville Rose") because of its distinctive brick architecture.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /To/Toulouse.html (1154 words)

	Encyclopedia: 1814 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Battle of Brienne was fought on January 29, 1814, and resulted in a French victory under Napoleon Bonaparte against the Russians and Prussians under General Blücher.
		The battle of Montereau was fought on February 18, 1814 and resulted the victory of the French under Napoleon Bonaparte against Austrians and WÃ¼tembergeois under Prince Royal of WÃ¼rtemberg.
		The Battle of Lundys Lane was a battle of the War of 1812 on July 25, 1814, fought in present-day Niagara Falls, Ontario.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/1814 (5007 words)

	TOULOUSE
		Wellington's victorious army was too tired to give immediate chase to the defeated French after the battle of Orthes but on March 2nd caught up with it at Aire at which fight the Allies lost 150 men before hastening the French on their way.
		The city of Toulouse was surrounded by a high wall, flanked with towers, but the defences were not constructed along the lines laid down by Vauban and were nowhere near as strong as those at any of the other main towns besieged by Wellington.
		The whole tragedy of the battle was that it need never have been fought in the first place for even as Soult's men headed south Wellington received news of Napoleon's abdication which had taken place on April 6th, four days before the battle.
	www.ifbt.co.uk /toulouse.htm (1767 words)

	Section 11
		BATTLE of Toulouse - Remarkable occurrence - Returns to Ireland - Embarked for North America - Returns to England - Sails for Antwerp - Marched to Leuse - Arrival at Waterloo.
		At length, on the 10th of April, we received orders to attack Toulouse, and moved on by another road, on the opposite side from the one we had lain upon.
		We were drawn up in column, in rear of a house, and remained there for some time, sending out the flank companies to skirmish; and, at length, forced the enemy back upon their works.
	www-personal.usyd.edu.au /~slaw/SuesPage/Soldier71/Sect14.htm (1348 words)

	Demi-Solde Press Maps
		Battle of Arcola, 15 and 17 November 1796.
		Battle of Leipzig, 16, 17, 18, and 19 October 1813.
		Battles of Champaubert and Vauchamps, 10 and 14 February 1814.
	www.demisoldepress.com /maps.htm (1332 words)

	BBC SPORT \| Rugby Union \| European Club \| Toulouse scupper Saints
		Toulouse always had a clear edge in the forward exchanges and possessed the goalkicking ability to turn that superiority into points.
		The kicking battle resumed in the second half with Grayson and Delaigue exchanging penalties before a frustrated Budge Pountney was sin-binned for coming in from the side of a ruck in the 48th minute.
		Toulouse's man advantage lasted just seven minutes, until centre Cedric Desbrosse was also sin-binned, for a technical foul.
	news.bbc.co.uk /sport1/hi/rugby_union/european/2942653.stm (374 words)

	Encyclopedia [Definition] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		July 29 - Battle of Gravelines: The Spanish Armada is defeated by an English naval force under command of Lord Charles Howard a...
		January 1 - The first claim under the Homestead Act is made for a farm in Nebraska January 8 - Ground is broken in Sacramento, CA on the construction of the First Transcontinental Railroad in the United States.
		January 8 - Crazy Horse and his warriors fight their last battle with the United States Cavalry (Montana) January 20 - Ottoman Turkey rejects proposals of internal reform and Balkan provisions - Conference of Constantinople ends March 2 - U.S. presidential election, 1876: The United States declares Rutherford B. Hayes the winner of the electio...
	www.wikimirror.com /encyclopedia (13785 words)

	Battle of Toulouse - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There have been two battles known as the Battle of Toulouse:
		Battle of Toulouse (721) during the Arabic Invasions of Europe
		Battle of Toulouse (1814) during the Napoleonic Wars
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Toulouse (104 words)

	sport.iafrica.com \| today's news Saints ready for Toulouse battle
		Toulouse, twice winners of European club rugby's biggest prize and last season's beaten finalists, boast a wealth of France internationals.
		However this time Northampton's trip to Toulouse will not see them at the rugby club's Ernest Wallon ground, which has a maximum capacity of under 20 000 but at Le Stadium, home of Toulouse soccer club, where some 36 500 fans can be packed in for the eagerly-awaited tie.
		Toulouse warmed up for Friday's game with a 71-3 thrashing of French rivals Brive last Saturday but Pountney said he drew confidence from Northampton's recent win against Leicester.
	sport.iafrica.com /news/428131.htm (562 words)

	Battle of Tours (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Battle of Tours (often called the Battle of Poitiers, but not to be confused with the Battle of Poitiers, 1356) was fought on October 25, 732 between forces under the Frankish leader Charles Martel and an Islamic army led by Emir Abd er Rahman.
		During the battle, the Franks defeated the Islamic army and Emir Abd er Rahman was killed.
		Duke Eudes of Aquitaine had decisively defeated a major invasion force in 721 at the Battle of Toulouse, but Arab raids continued, in 725 reaching as far as the city of Autun in Burgundy.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/B/Battle-of-Tours.htm (1223 words)

	BreakingNews.ie: Munster lead French giants Toulouse at break
		Toulouse flanker Jean Bouilhou went off in the fourth minute, nursing a head wound, and was replaced by Finau Maka, before Munster narrowly failed to open their account when O’Gara sent a 50-metre penalty strike wide.
		Toulouse looked dangerous from broken play, yet they appeared the more nervous team, which was illustrated through centre Xavier Garbajosa’s wild pass to full-back Clement Poitrenaud, just when Munster looked stretched.
		O’Gara was narrowly wide with his third penalty attempt six minutes before the break, yet Toulouse still could not settle, and they resorted to running from deep, which confirmed their unsettled state.
	www.breakingnews.ie /story.asp?j=1452450&p=y45z465&n=1452542&x=&fs=1 (675 words)

	BBC SPORT \| Rugby Union \| European Club \| Toulouse 50-28 Scarlets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Toulouse sent a message to the rest of Europe that they will not give up their Heineken Cup crown easily by pounding Llanelli Scarlets into submission.
		Toulouse soon added a third converted try, as Yannick Jauzion made the break in midfield and the French put the ball through the hands to send Thomas over for the try he craved.
		However, it took Toulouse just seven minutes after the restart to claim their fourth try, and a bonus point, as a catch-and-drive from a lineout sent hulking number eight Isitolo Maka over.
	news.bbc.co.uk /sport1/hi/rugby_union/european/4349512.stm (765 words)

	Encyclopedia: Battle of Toulouse (721) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Franks or the Frankish people were one of several west Germanic tribes who entered the late Roman Empire from Frisia as foederati and established a lasting realm (sometimes referred to as Francia) in an area that covers most of modern-day France and the region of Franconia in Germany...
		Events Former Byzantine emperor Anastasius II leads a revolt against emperor Leo III Theuderic IV succeeds Chilperic II Battle of Covadonga is won by Pelayo, thus preventing the takeover of his Christian Kingdom of Asturias by the Islamic Moors.
		The Battle of Tours (often called the Battle of Poitiers, but not to be confused with the Battle of Poitiers, 1356) was fought on October 25, 732 (October 10, old-style calendar) between forces under the Frankish leader Charles Martel and an Islamic army led by Emir Abd er Rahman.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Battle-of-Toulouse-%28721%29 (756 words)

	WebRoots Library U.S. Military
		But the battles, though marked by as bloody and obstinate fighting as ever took place, were waged between small bodies of men, and were not distinguished by any feats of generalship, so that they are not of any special interest to the historian.
		The battle was decided at once by a charge of the Kentucky mounted riflemen, who broke through the regulars, took them in rear, and captured them, and then dismounting attacked the flank of the Indians, who were also assailed by the infantry.
		It was mismanaged in every possible way, and was a total failure; it was attended with but one battle, that of Chrystler's Farm, in which 1,000 British, with the loss of less than 200 men, beat back double their number of Americans, who lost nearly 500 men and also one piece of artillery.
	www.webroots.org /library/usamilit/hotusn00.html (4473 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : The Arabs in Occitania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Al-Samh must have felt confident that, with Toulouse in his grip, he could repeat what he had done in Narbonne: Create by treaty a string of lslamo-Christian principalities, sealed in the usual way by marriage between the leading princes and families on both sides.
		He was declared a traitor, attacked and defeated in a short, sharp battle - and Eudes was accused by the governor-general of abetting the traitor.
		Recent research by Toulouse historian Sydney Forado shows that it was in fact the battle of Toulouse in 721, much more than the battle of Poitiers - sometimes called the battle of Tours - 11 years later, which prevented further, and possibly more permanent, Muslim gains in southern France.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/199302/the.arabs.in.occitania.htm (2890 words)

	SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN SMITH - LoveToKnow Article on SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN SMITH
		On the day following the storming of Badajos (the 6th of April 1812) a well-born Spanish lady, whose entire property in the city had been destroyed, presented herself at the British lines seeking protection from the licence of the soldiery for herself and her sister, a child of fourteen, by whom she was accompanied.
		She remained with him throughout the rest of the war, accompanying the baggage train, sleeping in the open on the field of battle, riding freely among the troops, and sharing all the privations of campaigning.
		Her beauty, courage, sound judgment and amiable character endeared her to the officers, including the duke of Wellington, who spoke of her familiarly as Juanita; and she was idolized by the soldiers.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SM/SMITH_SIR_HENRY_GEORGE_WAKELYN.htm (722 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Louis of Toulouse
		During the seven years of their captivity (1288-95) in the castle of Sciurana, Diocese of Tarragona, and partly in Barcelona, the education of the three princes was entrusted to some Franciscan friars, among whom were Ponzius Carbonelli (Analecta Franciscana, IV, 310), Peter of Falgar, and Richard of Middleton (Analecta Bollandiana, IX, 295).
		Boniface VIII appointed the saintly young priest Bishop of Toulouse, but Louis, wishing first to become a Friar Minor, received the Franciscan habit in Rome from the minister general, John Minio of Murro, on 24 Dec., 1296, and immediately made solemn profession.
		He was consecrated Bishop of Toulouse by Boniface VIII on 29 (30?) Dec., 1296 ("Bullar.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09385c.htm (954 words)

	Flanders, Brittany, Burgundy, Anjou, Normandy, Blois, Champagne, Toulouse, etc.
		The decisive moment, however, came with the Battle of Ramillies in 1706, when John Churchill, the 1st Duke of Marlborough, completely destroyed a French army and was then able to overrun Flanders, which thus passed to Austria.
		William, however, was killed in battle in 1128, otherwise he would have inherited England in 1135, instead of his cousin Stephen of Blois.
		The County of Toulouse was the legendary center of the special culture of the Languedoc, the South of France where the language, Provençal, rather close to Catalan today, was distinct from the North of France, Languedoil.
	www.friesian.com /flanders.htm (9945 words)

	BBC - Leicester - Sport - Tigers lose the battle of the heavyweights
		Toulouse won the battle of rugby's European heavyweights as they deservedly beat Leicester 27-19 to reach their fourth Heineken Cup final.
		Leicester were left to rue their sloppy finishing as they crashed out of the Heineken Cup with a hugely disappointing semi-final defeat by Toulouse at the Walkers Stadium.
		The boot of Andy Goode supplied 14 of their points while Tom Varndell touched down late on, but when Toulouse finally stepped up a gear in the second half, Leicester were comprehensively outclassed.
	www.bbc.co.uk /leicester/content/articles/2005/04/24/tigers_toulouse_result.shtml (330 words)

	EU Troops Stage Battle Games Near Toulouse
		TOULOUSE, France - European troops are this week conducting air and ground exercises in southern France simulating an international defence of an oil-rich country under attack, officials said.
		Some 3,000 soldiers from France, Belgium and Germany are taking part in the exercise, dubbed OAPEX 2005, which will test a scenario in which the European forces are flown in, with armoured vehicles and a UN mandate, to battle a hypothetical enemy invading an oil-producing nation.
		A British contingent was to have participated, but received new orders to leave the Toulouse base and fly on to Pakistan, officials said.
	www.ocnus.net /artman/publish/article_20934.shtml (197 words)

	Articles - Sir Harry Smith (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sir Harry (as he preferred to be known) is particularly remembered as the hero of the Battle of Aliwal (India) in 1846.
		On the day following the storming of Badajoz (the 6th of April 1812) a well-born Spanish lady, whose entire property in the city had been destroyed, presented herself at the British lines seeking protection from the licence of the soldiery for herself and her sister, a child of fourteen, by whom she was accompanied.
		Returning to Europe he was brigade-major at the battle of Waterloo; and in 1828 was ordered to the Cape of Good Hope, where he commanded a division in the Kaffir War of 1834-36.
	www.worldhammock.com /articles/Sir_Harry_Smith (779 words)

	Speeches and articles > The Queen makes a speech in Toulouse
		Links between Britain and Toulouse have existed over many centuries, from the Crusades to the Hundred Years' War, and from the city's golden age in the 16th century as an international centre of the textile trade to its place today as a global centre of the aerospace industry.
		And as our countries celebrate the hundredth anniversary of the Entente Cordiale, I celebrate the fact that the Battle of Toulouse in 1814 marked the last occasion on which our two nations fought each other on French soil.
		British residents in Toulouse - many here today - are engaged in aerospace and related technologies, in other businesses of all kinds and in education.
	www.royal.gov.uk /output/page4222.asp (399 words)

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