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Topic: Battle of Tucapel

	Battle of Tucapel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of Tucapel (also called the Disaster of Tucapel) is the name given to a battle fought between Spanish conquistador forces led by Pedro de Valdivia and Mapuche (Araucanian) Indians that took place on Tucapel, Chile on December 25, 1553.
		Valdivia became perturbed by the lack of news from Tucapel and by the lack of hostility on the road.
		Tucapel fort was located on a hill in the coastal mountain range.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Tucapel (931 words)

	Lautaro - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Spanish garrison couldn't resist the assault and retreated to Purén.
		The Battle of Tucapel would be Pedro de Valdivia's last, as he was captured and then killed.
		After the defeat at Tucapel, the Spanish hurriedly reorganized their forces, reinforcing fort Imperial for its defence and abandoning Confines and Arauco in order to strengthen Concepción.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indian_Lautaro (929 words)

	Arauco War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The beginning of the conflict is usually placed at the battle of Reynogüelén, which occurred in 1536 between an expedition of Diego de Almagro and a well organized and numerous group of Mapuche soldiers, near the confluence of the Ñuble and Itata rivers.
		With the goal of securing the city of Santiago, which had been destroyed on September 11, 1541 by the Indian forces under the chief Michimalonco, and also with the hope of enlarging the territory under his jurisdiction, Valdivia resolved to take personal command of a land expedition towards Araucanía.
		Although he was able to escape immediately after the battle, as the Spanish cavalry did not arrive in time to pursue, he would not remain indefinitely out of their clutches.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arauco_War (1485 words)

	Colocolo (tribal chief) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He succeeded Caupolican as commander-in-chief of the Mapuche army in 1551 and, alongside him and Lautaro, he directed mapuche warriors at Battle of Tucapel (1553), in which Spanish army, led by Pedro de Valdivia, was defeated.
		In 1559 he signed a treaty with the Spaniards, but did not comply with it and died in the Battle of Lomaco.
		Some others believe his death happened during the great famine and typhoid fever wave on the drought of 1555-1558.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Colocolo_(tribal_chief) (194 words)

	part 3 chap 3
		Moreover, during this period there are cases such as that of Tucapel Jimenez and that of the three Communists whose throats were slit in March 1985, in which more complex or obscure motivations seem to be at work.
		Initially the gun battle was said to have taken place when CNI agents on a routine patrol accidentally found three suspects on the comer of Calles Visviri and Fleming in the eastern part of Santiago.
		Tucapel Francisco JIMENEZ ALFARO, a leader of the National Association of Public Employees who was a very important figure of the nationwide anti-government movement at that time, was stopped on February 25, 1982 in the taxi he was driving.
	www.nd.edu /~ndlibs/eresources/etexts/truth/part_3_chap_3.html (18871 words)

	Lautaro - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		He was captured by the Spanish conquistador, Pedro de Valdivia, but escaped and returned to his people in 1553, when they began the struggle for freedom.
		In a memorable battle in Dec., 1553, near Tucapel, Lautaro sent one band after another against a force under Valdivia.
		Aiming at nothing less than the reconquest of Chile, he won several more battles, destroyed cities such as Concepción, and finally advanced on Santiago, the capital.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/l/lautaro.asp (255 words)

	Molucho Or Arauca-nian Cacique Colocolo (col-o-co'
		A fierce battle ensued, Colocolo dis- 694 COLQUITT tinguishing himself so much that at the death of Aillavillu he was given the command of both tribes.
		From 1551 till 1553 he directed many attacks upon the invaders under Valdivia, and, having united his troops with those of Caupolican, fought the famous battle of Tucapel, 2 December, 1553, in which Valdivia was defeated.
		The Spanish chief was wounded, and retreated to Concepcidn, a City that, later in 1554, was captured and burned by Colo-colo. In 1555 he was besieged in the City of Val-divia by Villagran, and evacuated the place after a long resistance.
	www.famousamericans.net /moluchooraraucaniancaciquecolocolo (585 words)

	Mapuche Nation
		The first military action by the Mapuche took place in September 1541 when Toki Michimalongo who was in charge of the north part of the Mapuche territory liberated the Mapuche prisioners and in the process destroyed Santiago.
		By the end of 1553, however, much of this Spanish enclave had been destroyed and on New Year’s Day 1554, Valdivia and his troops were totally defeated by the Mapuche forces under the command of Toki Leftraru.
		The Mapuche lost powerful Toki (high chiefs); Leftraru was killed and Calfulican was taken prisoner, the Spanish, using their barbaric methods of execution, impaled him in the centre of the square in Cañete village.
	www.mapuche-nation.org /english/html/m_nation/main/m_nation.htm (3747 words)

	Curanteo
		At the head of 8,000 Indians, he fought a battle at Tucapel (1767) against the Spanish General Oonzala, who, after a long and tenacious resistance, was forced to retreat to ChillAn, and subsequently besieged by Curanteo.
		In a fierce battle near Angol with General Ponte, governor of Chili, in 1768, he was badly defeated.
		In April 1773, he was again defeated near Quillero in one of the most terrible battles known in the history of Chili.
	www.famousamericans.net /curanteo (418 words)

	Blogger: Email Post to a Friend
		In December 1553, an Araucanian army of warriors, organized by the legendary Mapuche chief Lautaro (Valdivia's former servant), assaulted and destroyed the fort of Tucapel.
		Accompanied by only fifty soldiers, Valdivia rushed to the aid of the fort, but all his men perished at the hands of the Mapuche in the Battle of Tucapel.
		Although Lautaro was killed by Spaniards in the Battle of Mataquito in 1557, his chief, Caupolicán, continued the fight until his capture by treachery and his subsequent execution by the Spaniards in 1558.
	www.blogger.com /email-post.g?blogID=21725475&postID=114105424475870919 (1079 words)

	Chile: Reports: Truth Commissions: Library & Links: U.S. Institute of Peace
		Prisoners in the Temuco jail were taken to the Tucapel Regiment and placed in a cell next to the guard's room.
		He was arrested by a military patrol on the outskirts of the city and was taken to the jail and from there to the Tucapel Regiment.
		It is not plausible that, during the gun battle which is alleged to have taken place by night, the sentries would have fatally wounded seven of the supposed attackers without suffering any casualties themselves.
	www.usip.org /library/tc/doc/reports/chile/1993_pt3ch1_A2j_387-401.html (6021 words)

	INTRODUCTION
		and his wife Fresia share a quiet moment of love before being interrupted by a call to battle the Spaniards, "seems to be used for other than marital purposes in most of the plays of the Golden Age which deal with the conquest and pacification of Chile" (100).
		Complicating the plot further, Tucapel, an Araucanian warrior who secretly desires Fresia, eavesdrops on the conversation and becomes jealous when he sees her talking to another man (Juana).
		The uprising began with a surprise attack on the Spanish fort of Tucapel.
	glory.gc.maricopa.edu /~jabraham/chile/introtext.htm (18028 words)

	Prescott BK5_CH4
		THE Mexicans, during the day which followed the retreat of the Spaniards, remained, for the most part, quiet in their own capital, where they found occupation in cleansing the streets and causeways from the dead, which lay festering in heaps that might have bred a pestilence.
		Such was the famous battle of Otompan, or Otumba, as commonly called, from the Spanish corruption of the name.
		Cortés might have addressed his troops, as Napoleon did his in the famous battle with the Mamelukes: "From yonder pyramids forty centuries look down upon you." But the situation of the Spaniards was altogether too serious for theatrical display.
	xroads.virginia.edu /~HYPER2/CDFinal/Prescott/bk05_ch04.html (3822 words)

	Category:Battles of Spain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This category contains historical battles in which unified state of Spain (1476–present) participated.
		Please see the category guidelines for more information.
		There are 9 subcategories to this category shown below (more may be shown on subsequent pages).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Category:Battles_of_Spain (106 words)

	AN OVERVIEW OF THE MAPUCHE AND AZTEC MILITARY RESPONSE TO THE SPANISH CONQUEST
		It is important to highlight that the battles among the Mapuches and the Spaniards sometimes were in numerical imbalance between the two forces.
		The battle of Tucapel, on December 25, 1553
		However in the battle of Tucapel they used the horse for the first time by the great chief Lautaro, but in limited numbers and not yet well organized.
	www.xs4all.nl /~rehue/art/far1.html (6051 words)

	americas 3
		Pinochet's arrest, and the ensuing legal battle over his extradition to Spain, were the fruit of a three-year investigation conducted by Spanish magistrate Baltasar Garzón into systematic violations of human rights, including murder and torture, under Pinochet's seventeen-year rule.
		Immediately after Pinochet's arrest in October 1998, his British lawyers won a habeas corpus appeal to the High Court, which held that Pinochet, as a former head of state, was immune from legal process in the United Kingdom.
		A long-stalled investigation into the 1982 murder of trade unionist Tucapel Jiménez was shaken back to life by the Third Chamber of the Santiago Appeals Court when it removed from the case a judge linked by family ties to the CNI.
	www.hrw.org /wr2k/americas-02.htm (3078 words)

	History of Chile - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		The greatest resistance to Spanish rule came from the Mapuche culture, who opposed european conquestand colonization untill 1880s, this resistance is traditionally labelled as the Arauco War.
		Valdivia died in the Battle of Tucapel, defeated by Lautaro, a young Mapuche toqui (war chief) but the European conquest was well underway.
		The Chilean cause is adopted by the general populace after the death of Captain Arturo Prat in the Naval battle of Iquique.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=5490 (5191 words)

	Lautaro
		LAUTARO, or LATUR (law-tah'-ro), Arauea-nian chief, born in the valley of Tucapel in 1537; died in Mataquito in December, 1556.
		On 3 December, 1553, the toqui Caupolican was in great peril of losing the battle of Tucapel, but at the moment when his army was almost defeated, young Lautaro, who was with the Spanish garrison, deserted their lines, and, grasping a lance, turned against them, shouting to his countrymen to follow him to victory.
		The Spaniards were defeated and the fort of Tucapel destroyed.
	www.famousamericans.net /lautaro (542 words)

	Site Mantido e atualizado por paginaswebs.cjb.net - 011-5891-4946
		The battles between the Spanish settlers and the original inhabitants of Chile brought up some unforgettable heroes.
		In 1553 Lautaro led the Mapuches to the Battle of Tucapel, where Valdivia was killed.
		He defeated Pedro de Valdivia at the Battle of Tucapel and occupied several cities founded by the Spanish.
	www.galeon.com /eventolatino/ingles/historyin3.htm (1802 words)

	America and Its Conquerors 1300-1615
		The final battle was fought on the feast day of the Chalca god Camaxtli so that they would have captives to sacrifice.
		Tizoc also tried to suppress a rebellion in Toluca, and his battles were commemorated on an extant stone; but he was unpopular and was probably poisoned in 1486 so that his younger brother Ahuitzotl could replace him.
		Ahuitzotl was an aggressive king and began his reign by attacking the cities of Xiquipilco, Chiapas, and Xilotepec, providing many victims for his lavish coronation that cost a year's tribute and to which he invited even his enemies.
	www.san.beck.org /EC-America_and_Its_Conquerors_1300-1615.htm (20608 words)

	BookRags: Pedro de Valdivia Biography
		Pedro de Valdivia was born in the district of La Serena in Estremadura.
		There he took part on the side of Hernando Pizarro in the battle of Las Salinas in 1538, which saw Almagro defeated and captured.
		Valdivia had a clash with the warlike Araucanians beyond the Bio-Bio River in 1550 in which he defeated them but by no means broke their will to resist, a will that grew stronger when the conquistador established the Concepción settlement in their territory.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/pedro-de-valdivia (576 words)

	BookRags: Lautaro Biography
		He neutralized the Spaniards' employment of cavalry, which had hitherto given them overwhelming advantage, by constructing defenses of palisades and concealed pits and by wearing the Spanish soldiers down by wave after wave of attack until they were completely exhausted.
		He showed himself a master of surprise attacks, ambushes, cutting of communications, and choice of favorable terrain for bringing the enemy to battle.
		After seizing the fort of Tucapel near Concepción, the chief Spanish city of the frontier region, the Araucanians under Lautaro's leadership ambushed and destroyed the force sent to retake it.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/lautaro (498 words)

	TIMEasia.com \| Milestones \| 12/4/2000
		He had been engaged in a bitter battle for control of the loss-making airline with Austrian Airlines, its largest shareholder.
		a Chilean army general indicted earlier this month on charges of involvement in the 1982 assassination of Tucapel Jimenez, a labor leader and prominent opponent of then-military dictator Augusto Pinochet; in Santiago.
		Ramirez was the first active member of the armed forces to be indicted for human rights abuses committed during Pinochet's regime, and retired early following the charges to save the army from the embarrassment of a serving general going on trial.
	www.time.com /time/asia/magazine/2000/1204/milestones.html (623 words)

	Betrayed redemption in Chile
		When the Chilean government asked for "advisers", Washington responded that it was "h ampered by U.S. congressional and media concerns with respect to alleged violations of human rights", and hence any U.S. assistance would come in "back channels".
		Much of the material is well-known, some of it as far back as the early 1970s (and made qui te graphic in the two-part documentary by Patricio Guzman entitled "The Battle of Chile: The Struggle of An Unarmed People").
		The documents now show that by 1972 the CIA had perhaps shared information about Horman's radicalism with the Chilean secret service, and it certainly was a party to the murder of bot h Horman and Teruggi in the days after the 1973 coup.
	www.hindu.com /thehindu/fline/fl1724/17240540.htm (1645 words)

	CACC NEWSLETTER
		Now it will be more necessary than ever to call upon the reserves of energy and capacity for mobilization, organization, and discipline of the leading cadres, of the fighters, and of the Palestinian people as a whole.
		This will be necessary in order to reorganize the struggle in whatever forms it may take, and to carry out the battle with the same heroism shown in Beirut and elsewhere in Lebanon.
		Only through this struggle, which we know will be long and filled with difficulties, can the fraternal Palestinian people achieve their national aspirations and establish an independent Palestinian state, which is the only way to finally resolve the central problem of the Middle East crisis.
	www.schwarzreport.org /Newsletters/1982/september15,82.htm (5011 words)

	TIMEasia.com \| Milestones \| 9/27/99
		Bol helped found the rebel Sudan People's Liberation Army in 1983 to fight for religious freedom for the mainly Christian and animist southern part of the country.
		Mexican prosecutors, who failed to gain Ruiz Massieu's extradition from the U.S., also allege that he covered up key evidence in the 1994 murder of his brother, ruling-party stalwart José Francisco Ruiz Massieu.
		Jiménez, who organized the first mass rallies against Pinochet, was one of more than 3,000 people killed for their political activities during the 1973-90 regime.
	www.time.com /time/asia/magazine/99/0927/milestones.html (462 words)

	Global Arts & History: 2006-02-26
		Although the Aztec Indians had long overcome challenges, this battle would be the end to these people, leaving us with only the legend and history of their struggles and accomplishments.
		In that sense, the struggle for independence was a war within the upper class, although the majority of troops on both sides consisted of conscripted mestizos and native Americans.
		San Martín considered the liberation of Chile a strategic stepping-stone to the emancipation of Peru, which he saw as the key to hemispheric victory over the Spanish.
	www.globalartmall.com /2006_02_26_archive.html (3262 words)

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