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Topic: Battle of Washita River

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	Indian Wars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Andrew Jackson, general of the Battle of Horseshoe Bend at the end of the Creek War, was a major figure in Indian removal.
		Battle of Beecher Island (1868) — Northern Cheyenne Dog Soldiers, Arapaho, and Brulé and Oglala Sioux, all under the leadership of Chief Roman Nose, fight scouts of the 9th U.S. Cavalry in a nine-day battle.
		Battle of Summit Springs (1869) — the U.S. Army soundly defeats Cheyenne and Sioux warriors under the leadership of Tall Bull.
	www.higiena-system.com /wiki/link-Indian_Wars (2972 words)

	Red River War-Battles
		Though most of the battles of the Red River War were brief skirmishes that involved a small number of combatants and resulted in few casualties, a number of larger and more significant battles also occurred.
		On September 9, the train was returning to the Red River with supplies when it was attacked by a group of Kiowa and Comanche warriors at the divide between the Canadian and Washita rivers.
		Within moments of the battle's outbreak he was shot in the chest and fell to the ground as the horses stampeded.
	www.texasbeyondhistory.net /redriver/battles.html (1852 words)

	Cheyenne Indians - Crystalinks
		The Battle of the Little Bighorn, also called Custer's Last Stand, was an engagement between a Lakota-Northern Cheyenne combined force and the 7th Cavalry of the United States Army, June 25- June 26, 1876 near the Little Bighorn River in the eastern Montana Territory.
		The battle was the most famous incident in the Indian Wars and was a remarkable victory for the Lakota and Northern Cheyenne.
		The battle was the subject of an army Court of Inquiry in 1879 in which Reno's conduct was scrutinized.
	www.crystalinks.com /cheyenne.html (3444 words)

	BlogOklahoma.us - Historic Places
		Washita Battlefield National Historic Site protects and interprets the site of the Southern Cheyenne village of Peace Chief Black Kettle that was attacked by the 7th U.S. Cavalry under Lt. Col.
		The evidence used to depict the Battle of Washita is derived from Custer’s own account of the battle while the evidence used in describing the events prior to the battle revolves heavily around General Phillip Sheridan’s annual report of 1868.
		Among these was that along the north bank of the river there were tall bluffs which served as a natural wind block while abundant grasslands covered the southern portion of the river offering good feed for Indian horses.
	www.blogoklahoma.us /Marker.asp?id=21 (1628 words)

	Drawing the Western Frontier: The James E. Taylor Album (Pages 49, 93, 94)
		Killed Nov. 27, 1868 at the Battle of Washita I.T. a Sgt. Maj.
		We publish with this issue a fine engraving [not included] representing the attack of the Seventh United States Cavalry, under General Custar [sic], upon the camp of Black Kettle, the Cheyenne chief, on the Washita river.
		The desperate character of the combat may be inferred from the fact that after the battle the bodies of thirty-eight dead warriors were found in a [s]mall ravine near the village in which they had posted themselves.
	www.nmnh.si.edu /naa/taylor/washita.htm (1475 words)

	Battle of Washita River - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of Washita River (or Battle of the Washita) occurred on November 27, 1868 when Lt. Col.
		After the raiding of Kansas began (or the Solomon and Saline River Massacres, in which more than 200 civilians were killed by the Cheyennes and several raped and caught prisoners), a free-fire zone was established and all non-hostile Indians were ordered to move south to the Washita River.
		Washita prisoners (53 women and children) testified that as many as 11 warchiefs and headmen were killed that day.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Washita_River (1613 words)

	[No title]
		Probably as a direct result of the battle at Adobe Walls, there followed 14 pitched battles between the military and the Indians during 1874 and 1875 known as the Red River War.
		The closest battle to Lubbock was Miles and Mackenzie's Battles of the Palo Duro Canyon, occurring in Hall, Brisco, and Armstrong Counties just north of Lubbock.
		After news of the battle reached Fort Griffin, a detachment was sent to find and bring in Nigger Horse's band, which was accomplished without incident, other than the killing of Nigger Horse and his squaw.
	interoz.com /lubbock/REDRIVER.HTM (700 words)

	Cheyenne - Ethnos - Books about the Cheyenne People
		In the early morning on November 27, 1868 the Battle of the Washita River started when United States Army Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer led an attack on a band of peaceful Cheyenne legally living on reservation land with Chief Black Kettle.
		Washita: The U.S. Army and the Southern Cheyennes, 1867-1869
		Synthesizing primary and secondary sources, Greene describes the event's causes, conduct, and consequences even as he addresses the multiple controversies surrounding the conflict, including questions of whether the engagement was a battle or a massacre and whether Custer purposely abandoned his men during the fighting.
	www.almudo.com /ethnos/Cheyenne.htm (1299 words)

	Washita
		The author provides original insight and analysis of the myths and truths of the Battle of the Washita leaving the reader better informed, than ever before, on what really happened during and after the battle.
		And, at last, a historian has finally brought to rest the controversy of whether the Washita was a battle or a massacre.
		From the opening of the battle when Custer orders the soldier’s dogs killed to ensure silence, to the vexation of the warriors watching hundreds of ponies killed, Greene’s account of the Battle of the Washita is told better than all others preceding him.
	www.friendslittlebighorn.com /Washita-book-review.htm (934 words)

	Washita
		Washita has a very definite premise - that Custer's massacre (my term) was an act founded in "genocidal calculation " (my phrase).
		If it were a battle, the preponderance of evidence must show that the attack was a "hostile encounter between opposing military forces," the definition of a battle according to the Random House Webster's College Dictionary (1991).
		In a poem written three years before the Battle of the Washita, Whitman was praising the "square deific," equating the divine "One" with a four-sided entity consisting of Jehovah, Brahma, Saturnius and Time.
	www.dickshovel.com /was.html (11129 words)

	Battle of Washita River
		Battle of Washita River is one of the topics in focus at Global Oneness.
		The modern accounts of the Battle of Washita, and Richard White’s work It’s Your Misfortune and None of My Own, tend to lose their neutral...
		Battle of Washita River, Battle of Washita River - The causes, Battle of Washita River - The battle, Battle of Washita River - The accounts of the event, Battle of Washita River - Bibliography
	www.experiencefestival.com /battle_of_washita_river (1011 words)

	Ch. 7, The Rath Trail, by Ida Ellen Rath (Wichita, KS: 1961)
		As the Wichita Indians returned to their homes on the Washita River, that fall, so many of them died at one creek they were unable to bury their dead, the creek being called Skeleton Creek from that time on.
		It was during the Battle of Washita that Man-Walking-on-a-Cloud, uncle of Cheyenne Belle, became a hero by hiding several women and children.
		The Battle of the Washita, on November 27, 1868, with Custer in command of the Seventh Cavalry, was the major battle fought on Oklahoma soil.
	www.kancoll.org /books/rath/rath_ch07.htm (3029 words)

	George Custer
		When General Phil Sheridan reorganized the Cavalry, Custer kept his command, and fought in the Battle of the Wilderness, and in the Shenandoah battles.
		He was with Phil Sheridan in the last great cavalry action of the Civil War, and won the battle of Waynesboro, and added to his notoriety by his accomplishments at Dinwiddie and the Battle of Five Forks.
		George A. Custer and 264 men of the center column rode into the midst of the Sioux warriors, led by Sitting Bull, and were slaughtered to the last man. This great battle, the Battle of Little Big Horn is popularly known as "Custer's Last Stand".
	www.sonofthesouth.net /union-generals/custer/george-custer.htm (654 words)

	Albert Trorillo Siders Barnitz, Captain, United States Army
		During the Battle of the Washita River Barnitz was wounded.
		The correspondence from the later part of 1868 chronicles the Battle of the Washita River, his injuries, and includes letters from Lieutenant Edward S. Godfrey reporting on Barnitz's condition (Box 3, folders 61-63).
		Myers, was to move down the Washita and attack in the timber from above; Breves Col. Thompson, in command of the third column was to attack from the crest north of the village from the crest overlooking it, on the left bank of the Washita.
	www.arlingtoncemetery.net /atsbarnitz.htm (2999 words)

	The Free Information Society - George Custer Biography
		Following the battle, he was transferred to the 5th Cavalry and served with them in the Peninsula Campaign.
		His next action was in the Battle of Chancellorsville, where he caught the eye of Alfred Pleasanton.
		Custer returned to the main Army of the Potomac for the Battle of Petersburg and spent the winter in the area.
	www.freeinfosociety.com /site.php?postnum=739 (900 words)

	Battle of Cane River During the Red River Expedition
		The Speaker laid before the House General Grant's report of the battle of Chattanooga, and the reports of the sub-commanders, which were ordered to be printed.—Mr.
		Mount Elba and Longview are 25 and 50 miles south from Pine Bluff, on the Washita River, in Southeastern Arkansas.
		It shows, First; That the plan of the expedition was General GILLMORE'S, and that it had three distinct and sufficient military objects, to which a fourth, not military, was at a later period adjoined by the President.
	www.sonofthesouth.net /leefoundation/civil-war/1864/april/battle-cane-river.htm (4152 words)

	Compare Prices and Read Reviews on George A. Custer - Wild Life on the Plains and Horrors of Indian Warfare at ...
		His detailed recounting of the so-called battle on the Washita River in Oklahoma is worth reading since it remains one of the few first-hand reports of the battle.
		He has surprisingly little remorse considering the deaths in the battle (perhaps hardened at Gettysburg, where 50,000 Americans were killed or wounded in three days of fighting in 1863), but he does tell with great sadness of the death of his dog, Blucher, who had been impaled by an Indian arrow during the battle.
		During the Washita battle, Custer admits, he was unaware of several more villages which existed within two to 10 miles of the one he had just destroyed --- villages now pouring out thousands of warriors (Cheyennes, Apaches, Comanches, Kiowas and Arrapahoes).
	www.epinions.com /content_137314733700 (2909 words)

	Foot Guard History
		In the Battle of Gettysburg (3 July 1863), Confederate regimental bands stationed in the trees played stirring martial music for Gen. George Pickett's men as they charged disastrously across a mile-long field to attack Meade's Union forces.
		Union bands also were quick to perform their duty bravely in the midst of battle, successfully rallying troops during the Battle of Williamsburg (5 May 1862) and also at Chancellorsville (3 May 1863).
		The 82nd Airborne Division Band was unexpectedly caught in the Battle of the Bulge after being sent to the Ardennes for RandR.
	www.governorsfootguard.com /history/bandinbattle.html (635 words)

	Attack at the Washita
		In line with General Philip Sheridan's strategy of winter warfare against the Plains Indians, the attack was designed to destroy their ponies, supplies, and shelters, with the ultimate goal of driving them onto reservations and freeing the Great Plains for white settlement.
		However in order to get the Cheyennes to sign the treaty it was implied that they would be continue to be free to hunt north of the Arkansas river as long as they kept clear of white settlements and there was buffalo to hunt.
		In the bitter cold dawn of November 27th, 1868 Custer and his troops began their assault on Black Kettle's village along the banks of the Washita River.
	www.ou.edu /okage/504Lodge_Pole_RiverSite/Attack_Washita.html (897 words)

	National Park Service - Soldier and Brave (Washita Battlefield NHS) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The battle fought at this site on November 27, 1868, was the major engagement in General Sheridan's winter campaign of 1868-69 against the southern Plains tribes.
		The Battle of the Washita, coupled with another Army victory on Christmas Day by the Fort Bascom, N. Mex., column at Soldier Spring, Okla., demoralized the Indians.
		The battlefield lies in the verdant Washita River Valley, sheltered by surrounding hills.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/soldier/sitea21.htm (565 words)

	£Ç§©'s Indians Page
		Homeless, the tribe settled near the Red River on land received from the Caddos, a tribe from Texas.
		Geronimo's relentless battle to stanch the expansion of settlers in the desert and mountains of the Southwest led him to incarceration at the Ft. Sill Military Reservation near Lawton where he lived to an old age.
		Conflicts between Indians and settlers continued in Oklahoma until the 20th century, although not as violently as in the Washita River Battle.
	members.tripod.com /LCS2/Indians.html (1953 words)

	Washita River massacre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Four years after the Sand Creek massacre, Black Kettle and his wife took the rest of the Cheyenne survivers to a new reservation at washita River in Indian territory.
		When Black Kettle and his wife tried to ride out to meet Custer they were carrying a white flag and hoping to stop the attack, but they were both shot at sight.
		But 5 years later Custer him self had to pay with his own life under a real battle against the Cheyenne and Sioux-Indians in the battle of Little Big Horn also known as Custers last stand.
	dragonfire.freeservers.com /page9.htm (329 words)

	Battle of the Washita: Prelude and Aftermath.
		The roots of the massacre at the Washita date back to 1866 at least, (when the 14th Amendment to the Constitution was passed by Congress), and maybe even as far back as the Civil War.
		The failure of the government to fulfill its promises to the Indians to continue the supply of subsistence, arms and ammunition, is the root cause of the present war.
		The Indian War: The Battle of the Washita.
	freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com /~wynkoop/webdocs/washita.htm (2208 words)

	[No title]
		On Pawnee River, General (Now Lt. Col) George A. Custer and the 7th U.S. Cavalry surround an Indian camp at night, only to discover in the morning that the Indians had fled before his arrival, leaving their worldly possessions to him.
		Indians in Kansas area take destruction of the Pawnee River camp and Custer's pursuit as evidence that the white man is waging war upon them, and begin warfare of their own, all small-scale raids.
		The battle is inconclusive and the Indians withdraw.
	www.uscsumter.edu /~tpowers/hist112/indians.html (5058 words)

	Washita Massacre (1868) / The Descendants' Stories.
		Only certain bands of the Cheyennes were located on the Arkansas River (Colorado) during the time of Sand Creek and the other bands of Cheyennes were located on the North Platte River and Powder River areas.
		He was probably the last of the chiefs who fought at the Battle of the Washita.
		Black Wolf, who died at the age of 80 on her allotment near Clinton was one of the few who escaped the massacre on the Washita River near the town of Cheyenne in Roger Mills County in 1868.
	home.epix.net /~landis/washita.html (1692 words)

	History of Fort Washita
		After thoroughly exploring the wooded region, "Old Rough and Ready" Taylor selected a site eighteen miles north of the Red River on the Washita River, a mile and a half east of the stream.
		South of the South Barracks was the Commissary, the old Hospital, and the Guard House.
		Fort Washita was abandoned by federal forces in 1861, soon after the capture of Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina.
	www.civilwaralbum.com /washita/1842_his.htm (747 words)

	Amazon.com: Washita: The U.S. Army and the Southern Cheyennes, 1867-1869 (Campaigns & Commanders): Books: Jerome A. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Washita is one of the more controversial battles of the Plains Wars in that there are several aspects that make it unique.
		Greene's story about the Battle of the Washita is told in two parts - the first part is from the army's perspective while part two is told from Indian accounts.
		Often, when students of the Indian Wars discuss the Washita, it is in terms of viewing it as a "test case" for what Custer was probably trying to achieve at the Little Big Horn eight years later.
	www.amazon.com /Washita-Cheyennes-1867-1869-Campaigns-Commanders/dp/0806135514 (2423 words)

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