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	Battle of the Granicus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of the Granicus River in May, 334 BC was the first major victory of Alexander the Great against the Persian Empire.
		The second battle at Granicus was generally as described in the sources (without the river crossing).
		The Battle of Granicus was the closest that Alexander got to death in battle.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_the_Granicus (866 words)

	Battle of Issus
		In the Battle of Issus in 333 BC Alexander the Great of Macedonia defeated Darius III of Persia.
		The battle took place south of the ancient town Issus[?], which is close to present-day Iskenderum[?], Turkey, on both sides of a small river called Pinarus.
		The battle of Issus was a decisive Macedonian victory and it marked the beginning of the end of Persian power.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ba/Battle_of_Issus.html (518 words)

	Memnon of Rhodes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Memnon of Rhodes (380 – 333 BC) was the commander of the Greek mercenaries working for the Persian king Darius III when Alexander the Great of Macedonia invaded Persia in 334 BC and won the Battle of the Granicus River.
		He was the only one to declare, prior to the battle, that it was impossible for the Persians to defeat the Macedonian army in a set-piece confrontation, and called for a strategy of scorched earth that would deny Alexander both supplies and treasure, both of which they badly needed to feed and pay the army.
		It was not until the major defeat at the Battle of Issus that this admirable approach to the Macedonian invasion was finally put into action, but by then the advantage had been lost, and Alexander showed himself willing to sacrifice Greece if necessary by then if he still felt he could accomplish his greater goals.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Memnon_of_Rhodes (303 words)

	Battle of Granicus
		Battle 2: Alexander led a strong force of Companion cavalry across the river and immediately charged the Persian left wing.
		The figures needed for the battle are available in 1/72 scale plastics from Hat Industries (Alexander's Phalangites, Alexander's Light Infantry, Macedonian, Thessalanian and Allied Cavalry, Persian Light and Heavy Infantry, Greek Mercenary Hoplites, Persian Light, Medium, and Heavy Cavalry) or Italieri/Zvezda (Macedonian Phalanx, Greek Infantry, Macedonian Cavalry, Persian Infantry, Persian Cavalry).
		A unit crossing the river must end its move with the front rank of the unit in the middle of the river.
	www.juniorgeneral.org /greece/granicus.html (1320 words)

	Education World® - History : Classical / Ancient : Greece : Battles & Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)*
		Battle at the Granicus River Contains excerpts from Diodorus' 1st century chronicle of Alexander.
		Battle of Granicus Hellas Net Details the military tactics and strategies used by Alexander the Great against the Persians at the Granicus River battle.
		Battle of Issus 333 BC Describes Alexander's travels south along the coast of Asia Minor and the battle against the Persians at Issus.
	db.education-world.com /perl/browse?cat_id=10474 (629 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Battle of the Granicus
		Accounts vary as to whether Alexander immediately attacked, or crossed the river upstream and attack at dawn the next day (as suggested by Alexander's second-in-command, Parmenio).
		The battle started with a cavalry and light infantry feint from the Macedonian left, from Parmenio's side of the battle line.
		A hole opened in the recently vacated place in the battle line, and the Macedonian infantry charged through to engage the poor quality Persian in the rear.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Battle_of_the_Granicus (788 words)

	The Granicus
		The generals Niphates and Petines, the satraps Spithridates and Mithrobarzanes, the nobles Arbupales, Mithridates and Pharnaces (the son, son-in-law, and brother-in-law of Darius, respectively), and the Greek mercenary commander Omares all were among the notable that fell in the battle.
		In the aftermath of the battle, the satrapy of Lydia was restored to a Hellenistic state.
		Parmenion should advance to the river and keep the Persians honest on their right, but often doesn't have the numbers to get across the river and inflict the sort of damage Alexander can do on the right.
	www.wargamer.com /greatbattles/TheGranicus.asp (1743 words)

	The ten-horned beast: Alexander the Great. (3) Beginning of the war against Persia
		Alexander and Parmenion moved in their direction, convinced that it would be an easy battle: after all, the Macedonians were superior in numbers and equipment.
		The official motive for the expedition to Asia was to liberate the Greek cities in the Achaemenid empire and to punish the Persians for the expedition of Xerxes, a century and a half ago.
		Immediately after the battle at the Granicus, Alexander appointed a Macedonian trustee as satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia, and not much later, Asander, a brother of Parmenion, became satrap of Lydia.
	www.livius.org /aj-al/alexander/alexander03.html (1233 words)

	Battle at the Granicus River (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In return, they posted their mass of horsemen all along the front of the Macedonians since they had decided to press the battle with these.
		The Persian foot soldiers were not fewer than one hundred thousand, but they were posted behind the line and did not advance since the cavalry was thought to be sufficient to crush the Macedonians.
		After the battle the king gave [a magnificent ceremony] for the dead, for he thought it important by this sort of honour to create in his men greater enthusiasm to face the hazards of battle.
	luna.cas.usf.edu /~murray/classes/aa/source12.htm (565 words)

	[No title]
		Macedonian forces engaged and soundly defeated the Persians at the River Granicus in the first battle of the invasion.
		Despite the success and subsequent rout of Persian forces, the battle marked the beginning of the downward slide between Alexander and his officer corp. During the battle of the Granicus, Alexander completely disregarded the doctrine of the Macedonian military.
		The looting of the Persian camp captured during the battle was indeed the first taste of Asian life that Alexander and many of the Macedonians had ever experienced17.
	www.skidmore.edu /academics/classics/courses/2003spring/hi361f/domozych.doc (5734 words)

	rawiella the great (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		2000 prisoners The Battle of the Granicus River in May, 334 BC was the first major victory of Alexander the Great against the Persian Empire.
		The battle took place on the road from Abydos, Hellespont to Dascylium (near modern day Ergili, Turkey), at the crossing of the Granicus River (modern day Biga Cay).
		The immediate effects of the battle were that the Greek download free psp tube cities in Asia Minor were liberated by Alexander, and a beachhead was established so that further campaigns against the Persian empire could be accomplished.
	rawiella84x3.blogspot.com /2006/02/battle-of-granicusof-granicusconflict.html (674 words)

	The battle on the Granicus
		In the meantime, Darius' captains, having collected large forces, were encamped on the further bank of the river Granicus, and it was necessary to fight, as it were, in the gate of Asia for an entrance into it.
		The depth of the river, with the unevenness and difficult ascent of the opposite bank, which was to be gained by main force, was apprehended by most, and some pronounced it an improper time to engage, because it was unusual for the kings of Macedonia to march with their forces in the month called Daesius.
		While the horse were thus dangerously engaged, the Macedonian phalanx passed the river, and the foot on each side advanced to fight.
	www.livius.org /aj-al/alexander/alexander_t05.html (822 words)

	Battle of Granicus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The three of them set up a camp at Zeleia, east of the river Granicus and summoned their commanders to a war council.
		The Persian cavalry had already reached the river Granicus before Alexander could cross it and installed themselves on the higher side of the riverbanks while waiting for its slower phalanx to reinforce them.
		When 2000 of them were left, he ended the battle, captured them and sent them back to Macedonia as slaves to work in the mines.
	joseph_berrigan.tripod.com /id32.html (651 words)

	HELLAS:NET - Warfare
		During the battle of Chaeronea he was in command of the decissive blow against the 'Devoted Brothers in Arms'.
		The rest of the Macedonian army had now also crossed the Granicus and the light cavalry and infantry were hunting down the fleeing enemy while the Macedonian phalanx and hysapists were moving towards the hill.
		When 2000 of them are left he ends the battle, captures them, and sends them to Macedon where they have to pay for their treachery by hard labour.
	monolith.dnsalias.org /~marsares/warfare/battle/granicus.html (1883 words)

	The Battle of Granikos (Granicus) \| All Empires
		Fought in Asia Minor, Granicus was the first major victory of Alexander over the Persians.
		Battle Summary Map - This map shows, in Pseudo 3D, the most important movements of the Battle.
		All Battle Maps are (c) by and are the works of Maciek.
	www.allempires.com /article/index.php?q=granikos (464 words)

	Battle of the Granicus River
		This coin is confirmation of the spear story and represents Alexander sailing into the port of Abydos, spear in hand, ready to hurl it into the ground as soon as he is near enough.
		The first was that the Persian army was, by and large, a conscript force, untrained and lacking in motivation, whereas his own army consisted of well-trained and experienced volunteers.
		Once the phalanx was able to assemble on the far side of the stream - thanks to a heroic charge by Alexander and his cavalry - they simply swept the Persian army aside.
	www.nwtv.co.uk /pages/travel/middle/turkey/gran/info.htm (1208 words)

	Alexander Chronology
		Aristotle is invited to Macedon as Alexander's tutor.
		August: Battle of Chaeroneia: Alexander leads the attack on the Sacred Band.
		In Greece Antipater ends the revolt of Agis III of Sparta at the battle of Megalopolis.
	www.anchist.mq.edu.au /222/AlexChron.htm (430 words)

	A Warhammer Ancient Battles Site
		The Persians heavily reinforced that side, and the feint was driven back, but at that point, Alexander led the horse companions in their classic wedge-shaped charge, and smashed into the centre of the Persian line.
		The start of the battle after the first macedonain movement (this side of the river).
		Fierce phalanx battle in the centre and cavalry charges on the flanks.
	www.home.zonnet.nl /richardevers2000/Battles6.htm (1175 words)

	Battle Of The Granicus River info here at en.brannew.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Battle Of The Granicus River information found on the web..
		So we spent an hour discussing the battle at the Granicus River.
		Alexander the Great - Part One Alexander first met Darius of Persia at the Battle of Granicus River, where he defeated the much larger Persian Army with his phalanxes.
	en.brannew.info /Battle_of_the_Granicus_River (938 words)

	Alexander the Great quiz -- free game
		The fist great battle between Alexander the Great and the Persian army took place just a few days after he reached Asia Minor.
		On november 333 B.C. Alexander the Great won the first battle in which he faced the King of Persia himself.
		The second battle in which Alexander the Great and the King of Persia faced was held on October 331 B.C. Where was the location of this definitive battle?
	www.funtrivia.com /playquiz/quiz81459955cf0.html (306 words)

	Battle of Issus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		History -- Military history -- List of battles -- Macedonia -- History of PersiaIn the Battle of Issus in 333 BC Alexander the Great of Macedonia defeated III of Persia">Darius III of Persia.
		In the Battle of Issus in 333 BC Alexander the Great of Macedonia defeated III of Persia">Darius III of Persia.
		All is still licensed under the GNU FDL.
	www.termsdefined.net /ba/battle-of-issus.html (717 words)

	Detail Page
		Alexander led the Macedonian cavalry at the battle of Chaeronea, in which Athens and Thebes were defeated.
		At the battle of the Granicus River (near the Hellespont) in 334
		He advanced through the rest of the Punjab to the Hyphasis (Beas) River, where his army refused to proceed to the Ganges.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=HLAG0057 (720 words)

	Military (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Hamilton, J. R., ‘The Cavalry Battle at the Hydaspes’, JHS 76 (1956) 26-31.
		—, ‘The Battle of the Granicus River’, JHS 100 (1980) 73-88.
		McCoy, W. J., ‘Memnon of Rhodes at the Granicus’, AJP 110 (1989) 413-33.
	hum.ucalgary.ca /wheckel/Alexbibl/military.htm (1505 words)

	Links Turkije (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Article by John Mixner examines Alexander's victory at the battle of the Granicus and studies the military strategies of the great conqueror.
		Contains Plutarch's account of the battle of Granicus, Alexander the Great's first military encounter with the Persians in Asia Minor.
		Describes the battle in Asia Minor between the forces of Alexander the Great and the forces of the Persian King Darius III.
	www.solidine.com /kb/greek/alexander.htm (2124 words)

	Alexander (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Alexander did something new, they put in the boring crap like people repeating over and over what was going on, and they left out the battles.
		there were only two battle scenes in the whole of this movie, two.
		Gettysburg had more, and Gettysburg was only ONE battle over the course of three days.
	www.ihatebobcostas.com /rant121004.html (679 words)

	ALEXANDER OF MACEDON AND CLIETUS THE BLACK
		In the first major battle of the campaign, the Battle at the Granicus River, Alexander foolishly charged out from his men and was soon enveloped by a swarm of the best Persian warriors.
		In the melee that ensued, he was struck on his helmet and nearly fell off his horse.
		Ten years after the Battle of the Granicus, Alexander’s men rebelled at the never-ending series of wars they were embarked upon.
	www.cwo.com /~lucumi/alexander.html (457 words)

	History 151: Ancient and Medieval World
		Invaded Anatolia in 334 B.C.E. The Battle of the Granicus River (334 B.C.E.)
		The Battle at the Issus River (333 B.C.E.)
		The Battle of Gaugemela (October 1, 331 B.C.E) The capture of the Persian capitals
	srufaculty.sru.edu /carlis.white/MWF151/Lecture18.htm (101 words)

	History 151: Ancient and Medieval World
		Epamonidas of Thebes beat the Spartans at the Battle of Leuctra (371 B.C.E.) and established a hegemony
		The struggle among the Greek city-states set the stage for their take-over by Macedonia
		Progressed on to Egypt, which capitulated (332 B.C.E) The Battle of Gaugemela (October 1, 331 B.C.E) The capture of the Persian capitals
	srufaculty.sru.edu /carlis.white/TR151/Lecture12.htm (303 words)

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