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Topic: Battle of the Hydaspes River

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	Battle of the Hydaspes River - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A painting by Charles Le Brun depicting Alexander and Porus during the Battle of the Hydaspes
		The Battle of the Hydaspes River was a battle fought by Alexander the Great in 326 BC against the Punjabi Indian king Porus (Pururava or Purushotthama in Sanskrit) on the Hydaspes River (now the Jhelum) in the Punjab region of ancient India.
		The battle took place on the east bank of the Hydaspes River, (now called river Jhelum, a tributary of river Indus) near present day Lilla and Bhora, Pakistan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_the_Hydaspes_River (1212 words)

	Battle of the Hydaspes River
		The battle of the Hydaspes River was a battle fought by Alexander the Great in 326 BC against the Indian king Purushotthama (better known as Porus) on the Hydaspes River (now the Jhelum) in present-day Pakistan.
		The Porus, seeing the main body under the command of Craterus still in front of him, did not believe that it was a significant crossing, and sent only a small cavalry force under his son to oppose it.
		When the battle actually started, the Alexandrian cavalry was to the right of their line, but Alexander sent a group of cavalry to circle behind the Indians and attack them from behind.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/History/Battles/Hydaspes.html (1125 words)

	Jhelum River - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Jhelum River is the largest and most western of the five rivers of the Punjab province of Pakistan.
		It is a tributary of the Indus River.
		The river rises from northeastern Jammu and Kashmir and is fed by glaciers, and then passes through the Srinagar district.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Jhelum (349 words)

	Ann & Thomas Portal
		The battle of Gaugamela (October 1, 331 BC), fought against Alexander the Great was probably among the first confrontations of Europeans with war elephants.
		Elephants used by Egyptians at the battle of Raphia in 217 BC were smaller than their Asian counterparts, but that did not guarantee victory for Antiochus III the Great of Syria.
		From the battle of Heraclea (280 BC, Macedonian Wars) to the famous march across the Alps by Hannibal during the Second Punic war, elephants terrified the Roman legions.
	www.jump-gate.com /atportal/elephant/elephant_history.shtml (732 words)

	Alexander The Great's Battle at the River Jhelum
		This battle is commonly known as the Battle of the Jhelum because it was fought in the area surrounding the river Jhelum.
		Before the Battle of the Jhelum--either by conquest, destruction, or by allying himself with the areas’ rulers-- Alexander had control of most of the Indian land west of the Jhelum River.
		The monsoons flooded the river, which made it impossible for the horses to swim across; and as Hamilton points out, "He [Alexander] was well aware that the horses would not remain on the rafts once they scented the elephants" (112).
	www.richeast.org /htwm/Greeks/alex/alex.html (1522 words)

	Porus - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Porus, the Greek version of the Indian names Puru, Pururava or Purushotthama, was the ruler of a Kingdom that was located between what is now known as the Jhelum and the Chenab rivers (in Greek sources called Hydaspes and Acesines) in the Punjab.
		Porus fought the battle of the Hydaspes River with Alexander in 326 BC.
		However, Malayketu was killed in the Battle of Gabiene in 317 BC.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Porus (354 words)

	All Empires - The Battle of Hydaspes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		It was due to use of the elephants by Porus's army in the battle.
		On the contrary to Romans who had to fight three battles to gain enough experience in combat against an enemy with elephants, Alexander using the reconnaissance and intelligence, planned the battle in perfect way which gave him another brilliant victory.
		The battle itself is a brilliant show of cavalry maneuvers that became decisive factor in this battle.
	www.allempires.com /articles/hydaspes/hydaspes.htm (816 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Battle of the Hydaspes River
		The Battle of the Hydaspes River was a battle fought by Alexander the Great in 326 BC against the Indian king Porus (Pururava or Purushotthama in Sanskrit) on the Hydaspes River (now the Jhelum) in Punjab.
		The battle was the last major war fought by Alexander.
		Meanwhile, the Macedonian phalanxes had advanced to engage the charge of the war elephants, which was stopped, albeit with heavy casualties to the infantry.The Macedonians eventually surrounded the Indian force, which amounted to a mass surrender.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Battle_of_Hydaspes (1088 words)

	Battle_of_Hydaspes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Battle 0f teh Hydaspes River was a battle fought by Alexander teh Great inside 326 BC against teh Punjabi Indian king Porus, Pururava or Purushotthama inside Sanskrit, on teh Hydaspes River, now teh Jhelum, inside Punjab.
		The battle took place on teh east bank 0f teh Hydaspes River -, now called river Jhelum - a tributary 0f river Indus, near present day Lilla & Bhora - Pakistan.
		When teh battle actually started - teh Macedonian cavalry was to teh right 0f teh line - but Alexander sent a group 0f cavalry to circle behind teh Indians & attack them from behind.
	www.demandtwinother.info /Battle_of_Hydaspes (1602 words)

	Ancient historcial battles
		Alexander the Greats Victory at Hydaspes River During the Macedonian conquests in 326BC at the tributary at Hydaspes (now Jhelem) of the Indus River, King Porus and his Indian army blocked Alexander the Great's advance with some 50,000 troops leaving 40,000, the bulk of his army, on the west bank of the river.
		The Battle of Zama The second Punic War between Rome and Carthage was brought to a conclusion on the plains of Zama (modern Tunisia), with the Romans inflicting a crushing defeat on the army of Hannibal.
		Battle of Marathon The Battle of Marathon 490 BC during the Persian Greek Wars.
	www.militaryartcompany.com /ancient_history1.htm (2023 words)

	Battle of Hydaspes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Alexanders army crossed the heavily defended river Hydaspes in dramatic fashion during a violent thunderstorm to meet Poruss forces.
		In this battle Alexanders horse, Bucephalus, was wounded and died.
		Alexander had ridden Bucephalus in everyone of his battles in Greece and Asia, so when it died, he was grief stricken and founded a city in India in his horses name.
	joseph_berrigan.tripod.com /id36.html (906 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : Stealing Zeus’s Thunder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Worst of all, the Hydaspes River itself roiled from the relentless rains and seemed impossible to cross.
		The tetradrachms lead us from the onset of the battle to its aftermath, naturally with the dreaded elephants as the unifying subtext on each medallion: First we witness the chariots of Porus sent to stop Alexander’s deployment across the Hydaspes, then the caparisoned elephants starting to retreat with a nervous rider looking back.
		We can read that, 350 years after the Hydaspes battle, the Indians still maintained a shrine to Alexander’s victory, complete with a living elephant that was said to have fought in Porus’s army.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/200503/stealing.zeus.s.thunder.htm (3895 words)

	Hydaspes, battle - WCD (Wiki Classical Dictionary) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		There were heavy rains -the monsoon seems to have started early- and the river Jhelum, already wide in May because of the melting waters of the Himalayas, became very wide.
		There has been some discussion about the place where the battle may have been fought, but the most probable place of the meeting between the two armies appears to be the place where the Uttarâpatha crossed the river.
		Porus was unable to prevent the Macedonians from crossing, and Alexander proceeded along the river, downstream, towards Porus's army.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /wcd/Hydaspes,_battle (648 words)

	New Page Title (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.umd.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		That night, he recrossed te river with the Agrianians, the Psiloi, the Hypaspists and the troops under Perdikkas and Koinos; he had heard that the camp of the Taulantians was poorly defended.
		Across the river, the Persians had deployed their cavalry right against the river bank, massing their cavalry at the left wing, where Alexander was.
		Alexander advanced, taking advantage of the fact that the battle would be fought in a narrow area between the Amanos Mountains and the Mediterranean, where his weakness in numbers could be avoided.
	scissorblades.tripod.com.cob-web.org:8888 /essays/id9.html (4325 words)

	Seleucus I Nicator (358/4 - 281 B.C.)
		Seleucus participated in the conquest of the Persian empire as one of Alexander's officers, and in 326 he commanded the Macedonian infantry against King Porus of India in battle on the Hydaspes River.
		He took the initiative in forging a coalition among Ptolemy, Lysimachus (the ruler of Thrace), and Cassander (who laid claim to Macedonia) against Antigonus, whose desire to become the ruler of the whole of Alexander's empire was a threat to them all.
		In the resulting coalition war (315-311), Seleucus was made one of Ptolemy's generals and jointly with him commanded the Ptolemaic troops that defeated the force of Demetrius, the son of Antigonus, at the Battle of Gaza in southern Syria (312).
	www.thelatinlibrary.com /imperialism/notes/seleucus.html (1004 words)

	Hydaspes
		The crossing was not easy, the swollen river proving treacherous in the extreme, but eventually the Macedonian horse struggled over and sent out a cavalry screen to cover the arrival of the boats carrying the infantry.
		Porus was wounded in the battle and captured by the Macedonians.
		The army sheets attached obviously allow the battle to be re-fought using Vis Bellica: either from the moment the Macedonians appear on the field (i.e.
	www.visbellica.com /Scenarios/Hydaspes/sc_hydaspes.htm (844 words)

	Battle of the Granicus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.umd.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Battle of the Granicus River in May 334 BC was the first major victory of Alexander the Great against the Persian Empire.
		The second battle at the Granicus was generally as described in the sources (without the river crossing).
		The Battle of the Granicus was the closest that Alexander came to dying in battle.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Battle_of_the_Granicus (870 words)

	District History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		By the edge of the River Jhelum at a short distance a village named Pindi Bahauddin is known to be situated by 1506 A.C. In the British rule in 1916 Pindi bahauddin Railway station was setup.
		The Battle of Hydaspes River was a battle fought by Alexander the Great in 326 BC against the Indian king Porus on the Hydaspes River (now the Jhelum) in Punjab.
		This war was on the Southern Bank of the River Jhelum.
	mbdin.homelinux.com /mbdin/index.php?id=112 (646 words)

	Historical Trivia - Encyclopedia FunTrivia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Battle of Granicus River in 334 BC was Alexander’s first major battle against the Persian Empire.
		In the Battle of Issus (again modern Turkey) in 333 BC Alexander defeated Darius III and his army of some 120,000 with a force of around only 30,000.
		The battle of the Hydaspes River was fought in 326 BC against the Indian king Purushotthama (better known as Porus) in present-day Pakistan.
	www.funtrivia.com /en/subtopics/Historical-Trivia-212007.html (1512 words)

	War Elephants - Alexander the Great
		Darius had 15 Asian elephants in his front line for the battle, but when Alexander delayed the battle, Darius had to send the elephants to the baggage train.
		Caption: King Porus of India fights against the troops of Alexander the Great at the Battle of the Hydaspes River.
		Alexander won the battle but lost the war, as his troops refused to face more armies with war elephants.
	www.warelephants.com /alexander.html (235 words)

	TheHistoryNet \| Ancient and Medieval Wars \| Wars of Alexander the Great: Battle of the Hydaspes River (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		King Porus, himself wounded, surrendered, and Alexander III, king of Macedon, lord of Greece, Persia, Egypt and all the lesser lands within their conquered empires, added the Battle of the Hydaspes River to his long litany of victories.
		His spirits buoyed at having just won the most adroit and subtle of all his battles in fabled India, he confidently led his army eastward toward the kingdoms of the Ganges.
		Tells the story of the battle for Iwo Jima through the eyes of those who lived through it.
	www.historynet.com /wars_conflicts/ancient_medieval_wars/3027066.html (1136 words)

	Detail Page
		Alexander led the Macedonian cavalry at the battle of Chaeronea, in which Athens and Thebes were defeated.
		At the battle of the Granicus River (near the Hellespont) in 334
		It returned to the Hydaspes, and a huge fleet was constructed to transport the army down the Indus to subdue the people of southwest India.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=HLAG0057 (720 words)

	How "Great" Was Alexander? [P.1]
		Darius threw victory away at that battle and he was, to put it bluntly, a mediocre commander -- the battle might have been very different if Alexander had faced a more competent commander such as Memnon, for example.
		Alexander was lucky, but this does not come in the 'official' account we have of the battle, probably since he told Callisthenes, the court historian, what to write about it.
		His river crossing is commendable, no doubt against that, but against an outnumbered and hastily-levied Persian contingent, and with no Great King present in order to exhort and to lead the troops in person, it comes as no surprise that the Macedonians and their superbly drilled phalanx were victorious.
	www.utexas.edu /courses/citylife/readings/great2.html (2454 words)

	Craterus
		In this capacity, he was present during the battle near the river Granicus (June 334; more), where Alexander and Parmenion defeated the Persian satraps of Asia Minor.
		He must have been a capable commander (or knew how to deal with his king), because in November 333, during the battle near Issus (text), he commanded not only his own brigade, but the complete phalanx and all infantry on the left wing.
		During this battle, he was, again, commander of a phalanx battalion, of the phalanx and all infantry on the left wing (more).
	www.livius.org /cn-cs/craterus/craterus.htm (1491 words)

	ComingAnarchy.com » Blog Archive » A River Runs Through It (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Recently, a friend from Tabriz drew my attention to what he and others in the region consider a historical tragedy for their people, namely the Araks River which forms the current northern border of Iran.
		As a result of the Gulistan Treaty of 1813 which was signed by the Russian Empire and Qajarid Persia in the village of Gulestan in Karabakh at the end of the first Russo-Persian War, the border moved considerably further south as the map below illustrates.
		According to the treaty, Persia lost all its territories to the north of the Araks River and was forced to recognize Russia’s authority over them in the future.
	www.cominganarchy.com /archives/2006/04/21/a-river-runs-through-it (692 words)

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