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Topic: Battle of the Masurian Lakes

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	First World War.com - Battles - The First Battle of the Masurian Lakes, 1914
		Conducted between 9-14 September 1914, the First Battle of the Masurian Lakes (of two, the second in February 1915) was the second victory of the war by the Germans over the Russian army, the first occurring at Tannenberg in late August.
		Yakov Zhilinski, the army group commander responsible for the Russian plan of invasion, was dismissed as a consequence of the Russian army's perceived poor performance.
		As a consequence of Tannenberg and the Masurian Lakes - although the former battle was a much clearer cut victory than the second - Hindenburg was hailed as a hero in Germany, subsequently succeeding Falkenhayn as Chief of the German Staff in late summer 1916.
	www.firstworldwar.com /battles/masurian1.htm (519 words)

	First World War.com - Battles - The Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes, 1915
		Battles: The Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes, 1915
		Siever's army consisted of four corps, positioned north of the Masurian Lakes.
		The plan was sanctioned by German Chief of Staff Erich Falkenhayn despite his reluctance to commit resources in the east - he firmly believed the war was to be won in the west.
	www.firstworldwar.com /battles/masurian2.htm (428 words)

	World War One Battles
		The Battle of Charleroi, one of the Battles of the Frontiers, was one of the key battles on the Western Front in 1914, and one of the early major German victories.
		The Battle of Le Cateau was essentially a rearguard action fought by the British in late August 1914, during the general Allied retreat along the Western Front in the face of sustained German successes at the four Battles of the Frontiers.
		The First Battle of the Masurian Lakes was the second defeat of the war for Russian army by the Germans, with he first being the defeat sufferred at Tannenberg in late August.
	webpages.charter.net /wisconsinlegion-7thdistrict/WW1_Battles1.htm (15644 words)

	Paul von Hindenburg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Paul von Hindenburg (full name Paul von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg) (October 2, 1847 - August 2, 1934) was a German general and politician born in Posen, as the son of the Prussian Robert von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg and his wife Luise (born Schwickart).
		After his education at the Wahlstatt and Berlin cadet schools, he fought at the 1866 Battle of Königgrätz and in the 1870-1871 Franco-Prussian War.
		He was victorious in the Battle of Tannenberg (1914) and the 1915 Battle of the Masurian Lakes against the Russian army.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/p/pa/paul_von_hindenburg.html (445 words)

	Paul von Rennenkampf - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		After the Battle of Mukden in 1905, General Alexander Samsonov accused Rennenkampf of failing to assist him during the fighting and the two men came to blows.
		His behaviour during the Battle of Tannenberg, particularly his failure to coordinate with Samsonov's Second Army, resulted in much criticism from sector commander Yakov Zhilinski and attempts by some members of the military high command to have him removed from command.
		After relative success at the Battle of Gumbinnen in mid-August, failure at the First Battle of the Masurian Lakes that same month, which forced a Russian withdrawal from East Prussia, and at the Battle of Łódź in November 1914 led to Rennenkampf's dismissal amid recriminations of incompetence and even treason (due to his heritage).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pavel_Rennenkampf (346 words)

	AllRefer.com - Tannenberg, Poland (Polish Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		In the first, fought in 1410 between Tannenberg and the nearby village of GrUnwald, Polish and Lithuanian forces under Ladislaus II (Ladislaus Jagiello) halted the eastward expansion of the Teutonic Knights.
		Rennenkampf, whose unwillingness to aid Samsonov greatly facilitated the German victory, was defeated soon afterward in the battle of the Masurian Lakes.
		The battle of Tannenberg is a central event in Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's novel August 1914 (1972).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/T/Tannenbe.html (272 words)

	The Battle of Masurian Lakes
		The Battle of Masurian Lakes was fought in September 1914.
		Masurian Lakes was the second defeat for the Russian Army in World War One at the hands of the German army - the previous month had seen the destruction of the Russian Second Army at the Battle of Tannenburg.
		The battle at the Masurian Lakes was not as one-sided as Tannenburg had been.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /battle_of_masurian_lakes.htm (266 words)

	SparkNotes: World War I (1914–1919): Key People & Terms
		The archduke of Austria, nephew of Emperor Franz Joseph, and heir to the Habsburg throne.
		Following his defeat in the Battle of the Masurian Lakes in September 1914, Rennenkampf was dismissed from the army on grounds of incompetence.
		A battle on August 23, 1914, that was one of the earliest battles on the western front.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/european/ww1/terms.html (2063 words)

	A CHRONOLOGY OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Battle of Jutland, only major naval battle of the war, sees losses by both British and German fleets but German fleet retreats back to home ports.
		Battle of Caporetto, major Italian defeat by Austrian army in the Alps.
		Battle of Vittorio Veneto: Defeat of Austia-Hungary by Italy brings the surrender of Austria-Hungary.
	rbvhs.vusd.k12.ca.us /teachers/roswell/apeuro/unit8/docs/wwi_chrono.htm (507 words)

	Warfare HQ Downloads - Tannenberg 1914 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The subsequent battle of Gumbinnen was a stinging defeat for the Germans but did manage to halt the overly cautious Rennenkampf.
		Samsonov's 2nd Army, seperated from 1st Army by the Masurian Lakes, was lured as far forward as the village of Tannenberg.
		The 1st Battle of the Masurian Lakes ended in a complete rout as Rennenkampf's forces, demoralized by the destruction of 2nd Army, retreated back to Kovno in Russia to lick their wounds.
	www.warfarehq.com /archives/printthread.php?t=124 (526 words)

	World War 1 - Timelines - 1914 - 1919
		First Battle of the Marne halts the German advance, resulting in stalemate and trench warfare.
		Battle of the Falkland Islands between British and German Naval units..
		Start of the Battle of the Somme, with the British military suffering its greatest number of casualties in a single day, 60,000.
	www.worldwar-1.net (658 words)

	First Battle of Masurian Lakes, 9-14 September 1914, (East Prussia) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		After the defeat of the Russian Second Army at Tannenburg, the Germans were free to turn on the First Army, under Rennenkampf.
		However, unlike at Tannenburg, the Germans, despite now outnumbering the Russians, were unable to encircle them in the broken terrain of the Masurian Lake lands, and Rennenkampf was able to extract his army intact, and even launch his own counterattack on 25 September which regained much of the land lost during the battle.
		A good account of the rise of Hindenburg and Ludendorff from command on the eastern front against Russia, to overall control of the war and eventually to the virtual dictatorship of Germany.
	www.historyofwar.org /articles/battles_masurian.html (168 words)

	World War I
		Both the Battle of the Somme and the Battle of Passchendaele (1917) also on the Western Front resulted in enormous loss of life on both sides but minimal progress in the war.
		The decisive victory of Germany at the Battle of Caporetto led to the allied decision at the Rapallo Conference to form the Supreme Allied Council at Versailles to co-ordinate plans and action.
		At the Battle of Belleau Wood, from June 1 to June 30, 1918, the Second Division, including the United States Marine Corps, helped clear out the German offensive threatening Paris.
	brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/w/wo/world_war_i.html (6122 words)

	Battle of the Masurian Lakes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		First Battle of the Masurian Lakes, September 1914
		Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes, February 1915
		This is a disambiguation page, a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_the_Masurian_Lakes (104 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Paul_von_Hindenburg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		However for propaganda purposes, the German government choose to present Hindenburg as a military genius.
		Hindenburg was victorious in the Battle of Tannenberg (1914) and the 1915 Battle of the Masurian Lakes against the Russian army.
		Schleicher convinced Hindenburg that the reason why Hitler had rejected BrÃ¼ning's offer was because BrÃ¼ning had deliberately sabotaged the talks in order to force the elderly president into a grueling re-electon battle.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Paul_von_Hindenburg (4233 words)

	Battle of Tannenberg, 26-31 August 1914 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Battle of the First World War; a crushing German victory over the Russians invading East Prussia.
		On 24 August the Russian advance was halted at the battle of Orlau-Frankenau by the German XX Corps, which then withdrew to Tannenberg.
		This, combined with the defeat of the Russian First Army at the First Battle of the Masurian Lakes (9-14 September), ended any immediate threat from the Russians and provided a great boost to morale in Germany
	www.rickard.karoo.net /articles/battles_tannenberg.html (159 words)

	THE EASTERN FRONT
		In East Prussia a series of Russian victories against numerically inferior German forces had made the evacuation of that region by the Germans imminent, when a reinforced German army commanded by General Paul von Hindenburg decisively defeated the Russians in the Battle of Tannenberg, fought on August 26-30, 1914.
		Although the Central Powers did not force a decision on the eastern front in 1914-15, the Russians lost so many men and such large quantities of supplies that they were subsequently unable to play any decisive role in the war.
		In addition to the Battle of Tannenberg, notable battles on this front during 1914-15 were the First Battle of the Masurian Lakes (September 7-14, 1914), and the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes (February 7-21, 1915), both German victories
	wasteland.freehomepage.com /efront.htm (294 words)

	Grenier Games (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		September 7-17 - Battle of the Masurian Lakes.
		December 30 - Battle of Sarikamis begins; Russia appeals to London for a diversionary attacks to be made against Turkey.
		April 17 - Second battle of Gaza; despite use of tanks, momentum is lost and attack stalls.
	www.greniergames.com /WWITimeline.html (1860 words)

	Battle of Tannenberg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		After the success at the Battle of Gumbinnen (20 August 1916) the Russian First Army (Rennenkampf) failed to push forward quickly, giving the Germans the opportunity to reorganise following the dismissal of General von Prittwitz.
		The new commander of the Eighth Army, General von Hindenberg and his chief of staff, Ludendorff, arrived in East Prussia on 23 August, with a new plan to halt the Russian offensive which was, in fact, similar to the action already proposed by Max Hoffman, chief of operations under Prittwitz.
		The battle began on Samsonv's right flank when the detached VI Corps ran into Mackensen's XVII Corps, with the help of Below's force the Russians were pushed back.
	www.westernfront.co.uk /thegreatwar/articles/timeline/tannenberg.htm (610 words)

	Learn more about World War I in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Italy, since 1882 notionally allied to the German and Austro-Hungarian Empires but with her own designs against Austrian territory in South Tyrol, Istria and Dalmatia, and a secret 1902 understanding with France effectively nullifying her alliance commitments, joined the Allies in May 1915, declaring war against Germany fifteen months later.
		It is interesting to note that, when the British attacked on the first day of the battle of the Somme, and lost massive amounts of men to a continuous hail of machine-gun fire, they did succeed in gaining some ground.
		The American Expeditionary Force, under General John Pershing, entered the battle lines in significant numbers in April 1918.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /w/wo/world_war_i.html (3799 words)

	Rennenkampf, Pavel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Battle of Gumbinnen (20 August) was a confused affair which resulted in a Russian tactical victory.
		The Battle of Tannenberg was finished on 31 August.
		He was defeated in the Battle of the Masurian Lakes 9-14 September) and was forced to retreat from East Prussian soil.
	www.gwpda.org /bio/r/renkampf.html (521 words)

	The Great War - Russian Front - James Mowbray (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Battle of Stallupoenen, a German tactical victory delayed Rennenkampf's 1st Army.
		Battle of Tannenberg Samsonov's 2nd Russian Army is struck on both flanks by a double envelopment, and in the center nearly simultaneously, leading to progressive disorganization, followed by slaughter of 125,000 men and the loss of 500 guns.
		First Battle of the Masurian Lakes German 8th Army struck the flank of Russian 1st Army, which escaped a double envelopment and escaped, but having lost 125,000 men and 150 guns.
	www.au.af.mil /au/awc/awcgate/mowbray/gw-russ.htm (592 words)

	Frontline18 .:. Forum > Nordenburg, Masurian Lakes, Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Nordenburg is one of the Masurian Lakes, wich are to be found in the hearth of Poland.
		The battle of the Masurian Lakes was a part of the German offensive (or as they say: defensive) into Russia.
		They weren't invented yet when that battle happened, so it would not be very true to the battle.
	www.battlefield1918.de /forum/thread/2465 (858 words)

	Baxter's EduNET - Time Machine
		September 6-15 Battle of the Masurian Lakes--Russian army in German East Prussia decisively defeated and forced to retreat--Austrian army defeated at the two battles of Lvov
		May 31-June 1 Battle of Jutland--this is the one and only major battle between the Royal Navy and the German fleet and the only major battle ever fought between two fleets of dreadnought battleships--Germany fails to win the decisive victory needed to break the British blockade of German ports
		To move hundreds of thousands of men, and millions of tons of ammunition and food to the battle lines required precise scheduling of the railway services.
	www.edunetconnect.com /cat/timemachine/80y.html (1296 words)

	Hermann von Francois (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		After winning the battle, Francois obeyed Prittwitz's order and withdrew 15 miles to the west, where three days later he fought Rennenkampf to a draw at the Battle of Gumbinnen.
		Following that battle and a change of overall commanders, Francois' corps was transferred to the southwest, to confront the Russian Second Army advancing into southern East Prussia under the command of General Alexander Samsonov.
		Although not trusted by the new German commanders Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff due to his previous disobedience, Francois played the decisive role in the upcoming Battle of Tannenberg (1914).
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/H/Hermann-von-Francois.htm (625 words)

	The Eastern Front
		Although the Central Powers did not force a decision on the eastern front in 1914-1915, the Russians lost so many men and such large quantities of supplies that they were subsequently unable to play any decisive role in the war.
		In addition to the Battle of Tannenberg, notable battles on this front during 1914-1915, centred on
		were the First Battle of the Masurian Lakes (September 7-14, 1914), and the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes (February 7-21, 1915), both German victories.
	www.s-gim.kr.edus.si /projekti/evropa2/Before_first_war/eastern_front.htm (271 words)

	The Second Battle of the Masurian lakes - The First World War - 1915
		On the Eastern Front the Germans launched a major offensive in the region north of the Masurian lakes.
		In a second attempt to defeat the ailing Russian army general Hindenburg launched a major offensive against the Russian lines on the 7th February (an earlier offensive had been launched here in 1914).
		On the Western Front the First Battle of Champagne continued.
	www.schoolshistory.org.uk /Year9/firstworldwar/1915/february.htm (476 words)

	Fritz von Below German Fritz von Below WWI History of World War I
		Nevertheless, Fritz von Below was himself a competent rather than spectacular military commander who gained prominence while commanding XXI Corps at the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes in February 1915 while serving on the Eastern Front.
		The first day of the Battle of the Somme established itself as the most costly single day of battle in British history, with nearly 60,000 casualties suffered on the first day alone.
		Fritz von Below, who died in 1918, was awarded Germany's prestigious Pour le Merite on 16 February 1915 for his efforts on both Eastern and Western Fronts (most notably at the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes).
	tbone.8m.com /below.html (611 words)

	World War I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele.
		The Serb army, which was coming up from the south of the country, met the Austrian army at the Battle of Cer on August 12, 1914.
		Alternating between restricted and unrestricted submarine warfare during the First Battle of the Atlantic, they were employed by the Kaiserliche Marine in a strategy of weakening the British Empire by attacking its merchant shipping.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/W/World-War-I.htm (7867 words)

	Mackensen, August von on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In World War I he defeated the Russians in the battle of the Masurian Lakes (1914-15), conducted successful operations in Galicia, Serbia, and Romania, and in 1917 occupied Romania.
		Held by the French until Dec., 1919, he retired (1920) from military service and became a leader of the Stahlhelm, a monarchist veterans' organization.
		The battle of Turtucaia (Tutrakan) (2-6 September 1916): Romania's grief, Bulgaria's glory.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/M/Mackense.asp (255 words)

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