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Topic: Battle of the Niemen

	CHAPTER X. - RUSSIAN CAMPAIGN, TO THE TREATY OF KALISCH.
		Of these, 380,000 formed the central army, under Napoleon's own command, at Kowno, on the Niemen; to the north, at Tilsit, there was formed a corps of 32,000, which included the contingent furnished by Prussia; the Austrians, under Schwarzenburg, with a small French division, lay to the south, on the borders of Galicia.
		It was a few days after the battle at Krasnoi that the divisions of Victor, coining from the direction of the Dwina, suddenly encountered the remnant of Napoleon's army.
		York's force was the strongest military body upon the Russian frontier; united with Macdonald, it would have forced the Russian pursuit to stop at the Niemen; abandoning Napoleon, it brought his enemies on to the Vistula, and threatened incalculable danger by its example to all the rest of Germany.
	www.globusz.com /ebooks/Europe/00000021.htm (8005 words)

	Articles - Polish cavalry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		With the battle of Battle of LubieszÃ³w in 1577 the 'Golden Age' of the husaria began.
		In the battles of Byczyna (1588), Kokenhausen (1601), KÅuszyn (1610), Gniew (1626), Chocim (1673) and LwÃ³w (1675), the Polish hussars proved to be the decisive factor often against overwhelming odds.
		Because of the numbers of forces involved, the Battle of KomarÃ³w is considered the greatest cavalry battle of the 20th century.
	www.awningz.com /articles/Polish_cavalry (3136 words)

	World War One - Campaign In The East
		The Army of the Niemen had completed its mobilization early in August, and was under the command of General Rennenkampf, one of the Russian leaders in Manchuria.
		The battle continued, however, until the last day of August and is known as the battle of Tannenberg, from a village of that name near the marshes.
		The battle of the Niemen Crossings was an artillery duel.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles26/world-war-one-9.shtml (4288 words)

	Your Free Battle of Warsaw (1920) Art History Online Reference and Guide
		The Battle of Warsaw (sometimes referred to as the Miracle at the Vistula, Polish Cud nad Wisłą) was the decisive battle of the Polish-Bolshevik War (also known as the Polish-Soviet War), the war that began soon after the end of World War I in 1918 and lasted until the Treaty of Riga in 1921.
		The Battle of Warsaw was fought between 13 and 25 August, 1920, as Red Army forces commanded by Mikhail Tukhachevski approached the Polish capital of Warsaw and the nearby Modlin Fortress.
		Soviet propaganda before the Battle of Warsaw had described the fall of Poland's capital as imminent, and the anticipated fall of Warsaw was to be a signal for the start of a large-scale communist revolution in Poland, Germany and other European countries, economically devastated from the First World War.
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Battle_of_Warsaw_(1920) (3193 words)

	List of battles 1901-2000 - Iridis Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		1915 Battle of Afiun-Kara-Hissar - Turkish assimilation of Armenians
		1942 Battle of Dieppe August 19 - "Operation Jubilee" was an Allied attack on the German occupied port of Dieppe in France.
		1942 Battle of Stalingrad August 22 - February 2 1943 - City besieged by Paulus ' German Sixth Army; from November 23 the Sixth Army is surrounded and destroyed by Soviets; bloodiest battle in history, 1.8 millions dead approx.
	www.iridis.com /List_of_battles_1901-2000 (3103 words)

	'NAPOLEON'S CAMPAIGN IN RUSSIA, ANNO 1812, MEDICO-HISTORICAL', by DR. A. ROSE, plus buy bestselling current History ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Casting a glance on the map on which the battle fields on the march to and from Moscow are marked, we notice that it was not a deep thrust which the attack of the French army had made into the colossus of Russia.
		When the battle was over and the privations were the same again as they had been, the disease returned with the same severity as before--nay, even worse, and the soldiers fell into complete lethargy.
		The center of the battle was the burning city taken and retaken seven times; many of the wounded perished in the flames, their cadavers incinerated, and 10 thousand dead covered the battlefield.
	www.books-on-history.com /histrus1.htm (14952 words)

	Invasion of Russia
		His avowed aim was to force the Russian armies into major battle at the earliest possible moment somewhere in the frontier region, ideally in scattered detachments.
		This was the battle Napoleon had wanted, but the battlefield was not one he would have chosen.
		It was clear then that the remainder of the battle would consist of gun duels, frontal attacks, and hand-to-hand fighting.
	www.fortunecity.com /victorian/riley/787/Napoleon/1812/russia.html (3433 words)

	Davout's and Ney's Attacks on Bagration Fleches. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Borodino was an epic battle in an age of grand confrontation.
		The battle was a bloody meat grinder, devoid of the subtle strokes so common in Napoleon's earlier victories at Austerlitz, Jena and Friedland.
		This double battle on the two shores is one of the most glorious in the history of France.
	web2.airmail.net /napoleon/Borodino_battle.htm (5239 words)

	Polish-Soviet War - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Battle of Warsaw or Miracle at Vistula, the decisive battle of the war.
		Sporadic battles erupted between Polish forces and the Red Army, but the latter was preoccupied with the Russian Civil War and White Russian conterrevolutionary forces and were slowly but steadily retreating on the entire western frontline, from Latvia in the north to Ukraine in the south.
		On August 17 the advance of Budionny's Cavalry Army toward Lwów was halted at the Battle of Zadwórze, where a small Polish force sacrificed itself to prevent Soviet cavalry from seizing Lwów and stopping vital Polish reinforcements from moving toward Warsaw.
	www.grohol.com /psypsych/Polish-Soviet_War (6349 words)

	Battle Of Warsaw
		After winning the battle in the South, Polish General Staff planned a speedy withdrawal of the 3rd Army and strengthening of the northern front where Pilsudski expected the main battle with the Red Army to take place.
		The battle for Vilno, as it was later called, took place from July 11th to 14th.
		Pilsudski defeated Red Army again in September in Battle of the Niemen River and in October in Battle of the Szczara River.
	www.hetmanusa.org /engarticle1.html (3710 words)

	Battle of Warsaw (1920) - Iridis Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Battle of Warsaw (sometimes referred to as the Miracle at the Vistula) was the decisive battle of the Polish-Bolshevik War (also known as the Polish-Soviet War) that took place soon after World War I.
		On August 16 Polish forces commanded by Józef Piłsudski counterattacked from the south, forcing the Soviet forces to withdraw to the Niemen River, where the Battle of the Niemen River soon took place.
		The first phase of the battle started August 13 with a Red Army frontal assault on the Praga bridgehead.
	www.iridis.com /Battle_of_Warsaw_(1920) (1121 words)

	What is Polish-Soviet War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In the ensuing Battle of Warsaw, the Polish 5th Army under General Władysław Sikorski threw back the Russian forces near the Wkra River, and on August 16 the Polish counteroffensive reached the rear of Tukhachevsky's army, which was encircled on August 18.
		On August 31 Budionny's Cavalry Army, attempting to come to the aid of Russian forces near Warsaw, was defeated and encircled by Polish cavalry at Komarów, in the greatest cavalry battle since 1813 (and one of the last cavalry battles ever).
		Battle of Raszyn, Battle of Nasielsk, Battle of Radzymin ( August 14 - August 15, 1920)
	www.whatis.tv /Polish-Soviet_War.html (1103 words)

	Travel Guide - Online Reservation - Warsaw Accommodation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Battle of KomarÃ³w, one of the greatest cavalry clashes in world history.
		Battle of the Niemen River, the second greatest battle of the war.
		Graves of Polish soldiers fallen in the Battle of Warsaw, PowÄzki Cemetery, Warsaw.
	www.warsaw-hotel.info /poland-guide/Polish-Soviet_War (6322 words)

	Battle of the Neimen
		On 25 September, on the Northwest Front, the German 8th Army failed in an attempt to cross the Niemen River over pontoon bridges, as the Russians held their lines.
		On 26 September, on the Northwest Front, during the Battle of the Niemen on the East Prussian frontier the Germans again failed in vain effort to cross the river.
		The Germans were forced to withdraw from the Niemen River and raise the siege of Osovets.
	warchron.com /battleoftheNeimen.htm (766 words)

	The McGill University Napoleon Collection
		Russian Campaign: 23 June 1812 (Crossing of the Niemen river) until 6 March 1813 (Eugène’s withdrawal behind the river Elbe).
		Battle of Prujani (Battle of Gorodetchna, Battle of Podobna).
		Battle of Vinkovo (Battle of Tarutino, Battle of Chernishnya).
	digital.library.mcgill.ca /napoleon/english/timeline-russia.htm (201 words)

	Military Art , Battle of Friedland
		Military art prints of Napoleon at the Battle of Friedland 1807, published by Cranston Fine Arts, the military print company.
		Battle of Friedland was a major victory for Napoleon.
		Charge of the 4th Regiment of Hussars at the Battle of Friedland, June 14th 1807.
	www.napoleon-art.com /battle_of_friedland.htm (1128 words)

	The Battle of Borodino (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Russians - now led by Kutuzov - had slightly fewer men and were not as experienced soldiers but they were better nourished, had more guns and had had time to prepare their positions.
		The main battle took place on September 7, at the end of which day both sides declared victory.
		Kutuzov at first wanted to continue battle the next day but decided to withdraw as his army was short of ammunition and food.
	www.ddg.com /LIS/InfoDesignF97/paivir/napo/borodino.html (258 words)

	Polish-Soviet War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Sporadic battles erupted between Polish forces and the Red Army, but the latter was preoccupied with the civil warRussian Civil War and White movementWhite Russian conterrevolutionary forces and were slowly but steadily retreating on the entire western frontline, from Latvia/ in the north to the Ukraine in the south.
		The newest members of the mission achieved little; indeed, the crucial Battle of Warsaw was fought and won by the Poles before the mission could return and make its report.
		Image:Powazki 1920.JPGthumbright200pxGraves of Polish soldiers fallen in the Battle of Warsaw, Powazki CemeteryPowązki Cemetery, Warsaw./
	www.infothis.com /find/Polish-Soviet_War (5910 words)

	List of battles 1901-2000 - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It is soon to become the descisive battle of the war, and a Republican defeat.
		1941 Battle of Singapore December 10 - Japanese torpedo craft sunk HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Repulse.
		1972 Battle of Mirbat July 19 - British SAS forces defeat Communist rebels during an attempted coup of Oman.
	www.grohol.com /psypsych/List_of_battles_1901-2000 (3452 words)

	List of battles 1901-2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		1912 Battle of Lemnos (Oct 8)- Greek Marines Occupy the Ottoman held port of Moudros on the Island of Lemnos
		1913 Naval Battle of Lemnos (Jan 1-18)- Greek navy defeats Ottoman fleet near the Island of Lemnos in final naval engagement of the war
		1916 Battle of Magdhaba December 23 - Capture of Turkish garrison in the Sinai
	www.mywiseowl.com /articles/List_of_battles_1901-forward (3143 words)

	List of battles 1901-2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Battle of Sari Bair August 6 - 29
		Battle of Hill 60 August 21 - 29
		1942 Battle of Stalingrad August 22 - February 2 1943 - City besieged by Paulus ' German Sixth Army; from November 23 the Sixth Army is surrounded and destroyed by Russians
	www.portaljuice.com /list_of_battles_1901_2000.html (2235 words)

	[No title]
		From the shores of the Niemen to the banks of the Rhine it was easy to recognize those persons who constituted the remainder of an army immolated by cold and misery the most appalling.
		Many, not yet arrived at the limit of their sufferings, distributed themselves in the hospitals on this side of the Rhine, and even as far as the south of France, where they came to undergo various extirpations, incisions, and amputations, necessitated by the physical disorder so often inseparable from profound gangraene.
		It is true, the Russian battle line was broken, and the way was open, but the French army had received its death-blow.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/etext05/8napr10.txt (18778 words)

	Niemen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		On 23 June the Grande ArmÈe began crossing the Niemen on a pontoon and pile bridge.
		Bagratian was able to retreat across the Niemen to learn from the Cossacks that Davout lay ahead with 30,000 men.
		In spite of the Niemen battle, Barclay's army had grown to 127,000 and 9,000 Cossacks and was headed for Drissa-130 miles away.
	www.ddg.com /LIS/InfoDesignF96/Sunny/Napoleon/niemen.html (552 words)

	Napoleon Series Reviews: Borodino 190 — that Great Battle under the Walls of Moscow
		Soon after the battle of Borodino (or la Moscowa, that is, near the Moscowa River, which is how it was depicted in French reports and the first maps; and from May 1813, how it appeared on flags of the Imperial Guard), snow covered the tragic and mute field of honor.
		Margarita Touchkova initiated a tradition of celebrating each anniversary of the battle with a procession and the last rites near the common graves.
		In general, the battle has lasted nearly 1½ hours. Tired, covered by dust and smoke, we were retreating to our original position. Later at the camp, we were all thanked by our main re-enactment commanders, Mr.
	www.napoleon-series.org /reviews/other/c_borodino190.html (978 words)

	Battle of Warsaw (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Battle of Warsaw was the deciding battle of the Polish-Soviet War.
		It was fought between 13 and 25 August 1920, when the Red Army forces commanded by General Mikhail Tukhachevski approached Warsaw and Modlin.
		On 16 August Polish forces commanded by Jozef Pilsudski made a counter-attack from the south, forcing Soviet forces to withdraw to the Niemen River.
	www.theezine.net /b/battle-of-warsaw.html (146 words)

	Polish-Soviet War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The treaty avoided ceding historically Polish territory back to Russia, and ethnic Poles initially had two Polish Autonomous District s within the Soviet Union, with an eventually tragic outcome for the Poles.
		Battle of Daugavpils: joint Polish-Latvian operation ( January 3, 1920)
		Battle of Zadwórze: the "Polish Thermopylæ " ( August 17, 1920)
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/P/Polish-Soviet-War.htm (1195 words)

	Penalties of the Niemen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Unusually the Battle of the Niemen relies upon an honour system to self police its participants in adherence with the rule sets.
		Serious or multiple rule infringements may result in the infringers ejection from the Battle for the Niemen Scenario.
		CM's will attempt to use their best judgement in the application of penalties and these may vary with respect to cause, circumstances and even varying CM judgements.
	www.btinternet.com /~fulltilt/niemen/penalty.html (189 words)

	Battle for the Niemen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Despite the expected Russian offensive toward Lublin and Lvov, Model moves some air and ground units North to bolster the approaches to the Niemen.
		If the Wehrmacht and Luftwaffe can hold the lower Niemen into the winter then Russias forces may be halted allowing Germany to regroup ready for the next spring.
		And so as one of the most massive offensives in the history of warfare draws to a close the Whermacht must fight on for the very survival of its armies in the Baltic and East Prussian fronts, it must hold the lower Niemen bridge heads.
	www.btinternet.com /~fulltilt/niemen/battle.html (210 words)

	Niemen
		Niemen, river, c.580 mi (930 km) long, rising in...
		FORMER PILOT OF NORMANDIE NIEMEN REGIMENT DIES IN TOULOUSE.
		NIEMEN CUSTOMS MEN CONFISCATE 30 KG OF POPPY STRAW.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/world/A0916777.html (125 words)

	Daniel Hunt Page 19
		And we did not surrender--no! They dragged us away by force.
		As for Athos, they believed him to be dead, and left him very quiet on the field of battle, not thinking it worth the trouble to carry him away.
		The great Pompey lost that of Pharsalia; and Francis the First, who was, as I have heard say, as good as other folks, nevertheless lost the Battle of Pavia."
	danielhunt.grabafreebie.com /Page000019.php (1136 words)

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