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Topic: Battle of the Philippines (1942)

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	Battle of the Philippines (1941-42) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of the Philippines was the invasion of the Philippines by Japan in 1941-42 and the defense of the islands by Filipino and United States forces.
		On 30 December, the Philippine 31st Infantry Division moved to the vicinity of Zigzag Pass to cover the flanks of troops withdrawing from central and southern Luzon, while the U.S. Philippine Division organized positions at Bataan.
		From 7 to 14 January 1942, the Japanese concentrated on reconnaissance and preparations for an attack on the main battle position on the Abucay line.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_the_Philippines_(1941-42) (1377 words)

	Philippines, The - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Philippines extend 1,152 mi (1,855 km) from north to south, between Taiwan and Borneo, and 688 mi (1,108 km) from east to west, and are bounded by the Philippine Sea on the east, the Celebes Sea on the south, and the South China Sea on the west.
		The Philippine legislature ratified the bill; a constitution, approved by President Roosevelt (Mar., 1935) was accepted by the Philippine people in a plebiscite (May); and Quezon was elected the first president (Sept.).
		Philippine opposition to García on issues of government corruption and anti-Americanism led, in June, 1959, to the union of the Liberal and Progressive parties, led by Vice President Diosdad Macapagal, the Liberal party leader, who succeeded García as president in the 1961 elections.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-philipr1ep.html (4334 words)

	Philippines (10/06)
		The Philippines is a member of the UN and some of its specialized agencies, and served a 2-year term as a member of the UN Security Council from January 2004 to 2006, serving as UNSC President in September 2005.
		The Philippines has played a key role in ASEAN in recent years and also values its relations with the countries of the Middle East, in no small part because hundreds of thousands of Filipinos are employed in that region.
		Philippine soldiers and police have participated in a number of multilateral civilian police and peacekeeping operations, and a Philippine Army general served as the first commander of the UN Peacekeeping Operation in East Timor.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/2794.htm (6931 words)

	Fact Sheet of the 38th Infantry Division
		On 9 March 1942, the 38th came under the control of the Army Ground Forces and was assigned to the IV Corps of the Third Army at Camp Shelby.
		During 1942 the 151st Infantry regiment was sent to Ft Benning GA for extensive training and to act as school troops for a six month period, rejoining the division in September 1942 to take part in the Third Army’s Louisiana maneuvers.
		In November 1942 the entire division was moved to Carrabelle FL to learn amphibious warfare under instructors back from the invasion of North Africa.
	www.battleofthebulge.org /fact/fact_sheet_of_the_38th_infantry.html (946 words)

	American Experience \| Battle of the Bulge \| Teacher's Guide
		Battle of the Bulge offers insights into American history topics including World War II, military strategy, the importance of technology in war, first-person accounts of war, unilateralism or multilateralism in foreign policy, and the role of the military in a democratic society.
		The Battle of the Bulge was neither the first nor the last time that U.S. military forces faced a desperate situation.
		As the film notes, one of the heroes of the Battle of the Bulge was General George Patton.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/bulge/tguide/index.html (830 words)

	Pacific Battles
		From December of 1941 to February of 1942, a Japanese force of three divisions under General Yamashita would force the British off the Malay Peninsula and seize the island fortress of Singapore, causing some 140,000 British, Indian and Australian casualties in the process.
		To complete their conquest of the Philippines, the Japanese were forced to bring in massive reinforcements before launching their final assault in April.
		The battle lasted from August 1942 until early February 1943 and resulted in a strategic defeat for Japan.
	www.decisiongames.com /html/pacific_battles.html (386 words)

	Japanese Navy Ships--Musashi (Battleship, 1942-1944)
		Commissioned in August 1942, she was stationed at Truk from January 1943 into 1944 as part of a heavy force covering the Central Pacific against the threat of an American offensive.
		Her next, and last, major operation was the Battle of Leyte Gulf, in which the Japanese surface navy made a final major effort to repulse the U.S. drive into the Western Pacific.
		In this Battle of the Sibuyan Sea, she was hit by some nineteen torpedoes and seventeen bombs.
	www.history.navy.mil /photos/sh-fornv/japan/japsh-m/musashi.htm (688 words)

	Philippine Islands
		Capture of the Philippine Islands was crucial to Japan's effort to control the Southwest Pacific, seize the resource-rich Dutch East Indies, and protect its Southeast Asia flank.
		The Philippine Islands Campaign provided the Army with its first extended combat experience since World War I. Routine reports of new enemy tactics and weaponry were not lost on the leaders of the vast new American Army then being formed.
		For all the courage and resourcefulness of the Philippine defenders, their fate was sealed when the Japanese crippled the U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor on 7 December and virtually destroyed U.S. air power in the Philippines a few hours later.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/brochures/pi/PI.htm (6318 words)

	MilitaryHistoryOnline.com - Battle of Leyte Gulf Revisited
		And because "The Battle for Leyte Gulf" didn’t change the situation on the ground in any important way, it can’t go down as a major victory unless the largely unknown fifth battle is included as part of it.
		It was that battle that determined the final fate of the Japanese in the central Philippines.
		Since the purpose of the Battle for/of Leyte Gulf was to secure the Gulf area, any fair-minded assessment has to include the contributions of Army land forces—particularly the 77th Division, destroyer squadrons that raided enemy re-supply bases on the island, and Marine Fighter-Bomber groups that dealt heavy blows to Japanese shipping.
	www.militaryhistoryonline.com /wwii/articles/leytegulfrevisited.aspx (648 words)

	The American Experience \| MacArthur \| The Fight in the Philipines
		From the battle for Bataan to the infamous Death March, in which thousands died during a 60-mile forced march; from prison camps to guerrilla warfare, theirs is one of the least known but most dramatic stories of the Second World War.
		He survived the Death March and was held at Camp O'Donnell until September, 1942, when the Japanese released most of their Filipino prisoners.
		In November of 1942, he was sent to Japan, where he worked in a labor camp in Nagano Prefecture until the war was over.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/macarthur/sfeature/bataan.html (528 words)

	A Guadalcanal Chronology & Order of Battle
		It skipped over the Battle of the Tenaru River in August and did not provide a scenario for the November offensive that the Japanese would have mounted if so many of their forces and supplies had not been sunk at sea after the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal (12-14 November 1942).
		The intensity of the battles at sea and on land was due in great part to the rough equality of the forces involved.
		The five battles in the waters off Guadalcanal, which include the two nights of the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, are listed in sequence to the left of the island.
	www.friesian.com /history/guadal.htm (3871 words)

	Battle of Corregidor
		It was from Corregidor that Philippine President Manuel Quezon and General MacArthur left for Australia in March 1942, leaving Lt. General Jonathan M. Wainwright in overall command.
		Filipino Citizens did not participate in the battle, but members of their armed forced did, serving with valor anbattle of Corregidor Island Â— the battle that was heroic but no defeat Â— was over.
		Filipino Citizens did not participate in the battle, but members of their armed forced did, serving with valor and sacrifice.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1743.html (1333 words)

	The Battle of Midway: Turning Point in the Pacific Campaign 3 - 7 June 1942
		In January 1942, the Americans came up with an idea of a diversionary raid on Japan using B-25 Mitchell bombers which would fly off US Navy carriers and then attempt to fly to friendly held areas of China.
		However, Nagumo had to accept the results of the Battle of the Coral Sea, which despite the victory trumpeted by the Japanese media had left the Shokaku badly damaged and in need of extensive repairs and the Zuikaku had lost a large percentage of her aircrew and had to wait for replacements.
		The first act in the battle was the launch of the diversionary attack on Dutch Harbor in the Aleutians.
	www.rickard.karoo.net /articles/battles_midwaylong.html (7536 words)

	1944-1945: PHILIPPINES CAMPAIGN
		Because of the close relationship between the Philippines and the United States since 1898, the decision was made to advance the date for the long-awaited return to the Philippines.
		After General MacArthur was evacuated from the Philippines in March 1942, the islands fell to the Japanese.
		Palawan Island, between Borneo and Mindoro, the fifth largest and western-most Philippine Island, was invaded on 28 February, with landings of the Eighth Army at Puerto Princesa.
	www.olive-drab.com /od_history_ww2_ops_battles_1944philippines.php (1105 words)

	Leyte
		The Philippine Islands had been a special concern of the United States since 1898, and the inherent politico-military responsibilities arising from that relationship could not be discarded so easily.
		One of the larger islands of the Philippine archipelago, Leyte extends 110 miles from north to south and ranges between 15 and 50 miles in width.
		The battle cost the IJN most of its remaining warships, including 3 battleships, one of which was the huge Musashi, 6 heavy and 4 light cruisers, and 9 destroyers, in addition to its remaining carriers.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/brochures/leyte/leyte.htm (9348 words)

	WW2battlebulge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Battle of the Bulge was the biggest single battle on the Western Front in WW II and the largest engagement ever fought by the U.S. Army.
		Two infantry divisions were annihilated, in one of the divisions, 7,500 surrendered, the largest American mass surrender against the Germans.
		During the battle, American forces had no winter camouflage and were ill equiped for winter warfare.
	www.tekawiz.com /WW2battlebulge.html (297 words)

	Battle of Midway: 4-7 June 1942
		The Battle of Midway, fought near the Central Pacific island of Midway, is considered the decisive battle of the war in the Pacific.
		Before this battle the Japanese were on the offensive, capturing territory throughout Asia and the Pacific.
		The first phase of these operations, which was the seizure of Malaysia, Singapore, the Dutch East Indies, the Philippines, and various island groups in the central and western Pacific, was virtually complete by March 1942.
	www.history.navy.mil /faqs/faq81-1.htm (2732 words)

	The Philippines
		During the first half of the 20th century the Philippines became of great strategic importance to the defence of the United States.
		Most of the American air forces were destroyed in battle or on the ground, and by December 20 the remnants had been withdrawn to Port Darwin, in Australia.
		The President of the Philippine Commonwealth, Sergio Osmena, with members of his Cabinet, went with the American forces and already has established the seat of government on Philippine soil.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /2WWphilippines.htm (2589 words)

	Bataan and Corregidor
		Of the latter force, the largest unit was the Philippine Division, consisting of one American regiment and two Philippine Scout regiments.
		The Japanese air attack on the Philippines on December 8, 1941 seriously crippled elements of the American air forces stationed in the islands and damaged naval installations.
		On April 9, 1942, by which time the troops of Bataan had been reduced by hunger, disease, and casualties to the point of military helplessness, their commander, Maj. Gen.
	www.worldwar2history.info /Bataan (487 words)

	WW2DB: Invasion of Phillippines
		At the start of WW2, Philippines was United States territory as per the 1898 Treaty of Paris.
		Because of the importance, the retired Army officer Douglas MacArthur, currently serving as Philippines' Field Marshal, was called back into service by President Franklin Roosevelt, and was given resources to mobilize Philippines defenses in case of a Japanese attack.
		In Washington on 14 Dec, Chief of Staff Marshall, who had not seen the Philippines since he was a first lieutenant in Manila in 1915, summoned Brigadier General Eisenhower to assess the situation.
	ww2db.com /battle_spec.php?battle_id=46 (1982 words)

	Battle of the Coral Sea
		Following their simultaneous attack on Pearl Harbour, the Philippines, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Malaya and the Dutch East Indies on the 7th and 8th December, 1941, the Japanese advance through Southeast Asia was swift, brutal and incredibly successful.
		At this time, neither side was certain of the other's position and the initial stages of the battle were dominated by land and carrier-based aircraft searching for signs of the opposition as the carriers closed for combat.
		The battle began in earnest on the 7th May, 1942, when two American destroyers were sunk along with the Japanese carrier Shoho.
	www.janesoceania.com /oceania_coral_sea/index.htm (751 words)

	The Philippines December 8, 1941 - May 8, 1942
		MacArthur had spent twelve years in the Philippines, and had recently returned to the US Army after commanding the Filipino Armies in an elaborate gold braided uniform.
		MacArthur was ordered to evacuate to Australia in March; he left via PT boat, creating a romantic myth about the plywood craft, to a remote airfield and flew to Darwin.
		Parts of the Philippines were occupied until the end of the war, but their liberation began in October 1944.
	www.worldwar2database.com /html/philip42.htm (810 words)

	HyperWar: US Army in WWII: The Fall of the Philippines
		Aircraft in the Philippines and Hawaii, 1 December 1941
		Aircraft in the Philippines, December 1941: Douglas B-18A
		Aircraft in the Philippines, December 1941: Curtiss P-40E
	www.ibiblio.org /hyperwar/USA/USA-P-PI (354 words)

	WW2DB: Philippines Campaign, Phase 2
		Before American forces could consider assaulting Luzon, the largest island in the Philippines and home to the capital city Manila, advance airbases must be established so that the troops could move under the protection of friendly aircraft.
		The Philippines were finally declared secure on 30 Jun 1945, and on 5 Jul MacArthur announced that "[t]he entire Philippine Islands are now liberated".
		At the end of the Luzon campaign, MacArthur received the report at his desk that the Philippines campaign at that point only cost 820 American lives, while over 12,000 Japanese were killed; such was the result of the superior firepower employed by the Americans by air, land, and sea.
	ww2db.com /battle_spec.php?battle_id=27 (1907 words)

	Battleship Massachusetts at Battleship Cove.
		In the Pacific, the Japanese dealt severe blows to the United States and Great Britain, capturing the Philippines, Malaya, and Indonesia, and threatening Britain's crown jewel, India.
		In mid-1941, Germany captured the Balkans and Greece, and German armies in Africa threatened Egypt and Britain's short route to India, the Suez Canal.
		Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, and by 1942 Russia was reeling as German armies sliced deep into the country.
	www.battleshipcove.com /bb59-casablanca.htm (289 words)

	Pacific Theater in World War II by Histoy Link 101
		Battle of the Coral Sea Log of events.
		Battle of the Coral Sea One page day to day account with limited illustrations.
		Battle of the Philippines Large, one page description with maps and photos.
	www.historylink101.com /1/world_war_II/battles_pacific_front.htm (254 words)

	Battlefield Files - Battlefield 1942 Maps - Invasion of the Philippines
		The Philippines is, along with East Timor, one of the two predominantly Roman Catholic countries in Asia and the most westernized, a unique blend of East and West.
		Spain and the United States probably had the biggest influence on the country's culture, as the Philippine Islands were a Spanish colony for more than 350 years and an American colony for almost 50 years.
		While still mostly agricultural, the Philippines is an important destination for outsourcing and an exporter of electronics and labor.
	battlefield2.filefront.com /info/BF1942_Maps_11 (493 words)

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