
	Where results make sense

Topic: Baudhayana

Related Topics

Pythagorean theorem

Pythagoras

In the News (Wed 23 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Science in India: History of mathematics: Indian Mathematicians and Astronomers,
		Examples of geometric knowledge (rekha-ganit) are to be found in the Sulva-Sutras of Baudhayana (800 BC) and Apasthmaba (600 BC) which describe techniques for the construction of ritual altars in use during the Vedic era.
		Baudhayana's Sutra displays an understanding of basic geometric shapes and techniques of converting one geometric shape (such as a rectangle) to another of equivalent (or multiple, or fractional) area (such as a square).
		Apasthamba's sutra (an expansion of Baudhayana's with several original contributions) provides a value for the square root of 2 that is accurate to the fifth decimal place.
	members.tripod.com /~INDIA_RESOURCE/mathematics.htm (4603 words)

	.:SAKSIVC: Vedic Literature: Mathematics: Mathematics in India of the Vedic age:.
		The theorem and its converse were stated precisely by Baudhayana in his Sulba Sūtras.
		The fact that this altar has half the area of the regular square is a clear indication of their knowledge of the Pythagorean triple.
		The construction of the Paitŗki vedi from the regular vedi is indicated in Baudhayana Sulba Sūtras 3.11.
	www.vedah.com /org/literature/maths/mathsInIndia.asp (4301 words)

	Baudhayana
		To write a biography of Baudhayana is essentially impossible since nothing is known of him except that he was the author of one of the earliest Sulbasutras.
		It is clear from the writing that Baudhayana, as well as being a priest, must have been a skilled craftsman.
		Below we give one or two details of Baudhayana's Sulbasutra, which contained three chapters, which is the oldest which we possess and, it would be fair to say, one of the two most important.
	www.educ.fc.ul.pt /icm/icm2003/icm14/Baudhayana.htm (393 words)

	Acts of faith (Part III of XII)
		The rules for measurement and construction of sacrificial altars are found in the Sulba Sutras, the earliest documents of geometry in India.
		But Baudhayana mentions that the diagonal of a rectangle produces by itself both (the areas) produced separately by its two sides.
		In simple terms, this means that the square of the diagonal is equal to the sum of the squares of two sides.
	www.hvk.org /articles/0601/93.html (1131 words)

	- Women In The Sacred Laws - The Dharma Sutras ( Page 10)
		With Baudhayana we can safely say that the influence of the south penetrates the Vedic school, or that the Vedic school transferred its centre to the south.
		Maharnava avers that Baudhayana's influence was mainly confined to the south; but he does not disclose where the original home of Baudhayana was.
		His work does not directly refer to the south, except in his account of Desanirnaya 31 and, while referring to the customs of the Northerners, he censures the custom of going to sea 32 by pIacing it at the head of the Pataniyas or serious offences that lead to loss of caste.
	hindubooks.org /women_in_the_sacredlaws/the_dharma_sutras/page10.htm (196 words)

	2.3. THE PRECESSION OF THE EQUINOX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In the Shulba Sutra appended to Baudhayana’s Shrauta Sutra, mathematical instructions are given for the construction of Vedic altars.
		So, 1700 BC was a terminus post quem for Baudhayana’s mathematics, which would reasonably be dated to the later part of the Harappan period which ended in ca.
		This is then one of those “entities multiplied beyond necessity”: a ritual, annex altar, annex mathematical theory, which is exactly like the Vedic ritual, annex altar, annex mathematical theory, only it is not the Vedic ritual but a thousand or so years older.
	koenraadelst.bharatvani.org /books/ait/ch23.htm (2375 words)

	NIAS - Logo - Sulvasutra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Sulva (or sulba) stands for rope, string or cord, and is derived from the root sulv, meaning 'to measure'; the Sulva-sutra is therefore literally 'The Manual of the Cord'.
		The Sulva-sutra attributed to Baudhayana is considered to be the oldest as well as the most systematic and detailed version of the text.
		The NIAS logo displays the arrangement of bricks in the first layer of an altar called syena - cita, in the shape of an eagle or falcon (= syena), and is described in Chapter 11 of Baudhayana's text.
	www.iisc.ernet.in /nias/logo.htm (742 words)

	Baudhayana - MATHS WORLD BY DARSHAN
		Baudhayana also provides a non-axiomatic demonstration using a rope measure of the reduced form of the Pythagorean theorem for an isosceles
		Another problem tackled by Baudhayana is that of finding a circle whose area is the same as that of a square (the reverse of
		Baudhayana i.61-2 (elaborated in Apastamba Sulbasutra i.6) gives this formula for square root of two:samasya dvikaraNI.
	mathsofdarshandudhoria.wetpaint.com /page/Baudhayana (484 words)

	Cover-ups? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The diversity of the numerous mutually incompatible explanations given by Witzel to account for his (mis-)translation (and ‘interpretation’) of the passage from the Baudhayana Shrauta Sutra leaves one wondering- which is the correct explanation?
		The edition of the Baudhayana Shrauta Sutra referenced by Witzel is the one by W. Caland [Ref. 30]
		The Baudhayana Shrauta Sutra is considered very close to the Brahmana texts in time by scholarly consensus and the relevant sections are of the form of an Anvakhyana Brahmana.
	vishalagarwal.bharatvani.org /articles/indhistory/amt/coverups.htm (958 words)

	- Women In The Sacred Laws - The Dharma Sutras ( Page 20)
		Apastamba allows only legitimate sons to inherit their father’s estate and he explicitly forbids the sale and gift of children.
		76 Baudhayana has no scruple in prescribing the custom of Niyoga for childless widows, in order that they may get sons for offering the funeral oblations for the spirits of their dead husbands.
		Baudhayana, as well as his predecessor Gautama, permits the Paisacha marriage, which Apastamba does not.
	www.hindubooks.org /women_in_the_sacredlaws/the_dharma_sutras/page20.htm (197 words)

	FAQ on Vedic Mathematics
		The Sulvasutras are appended to a particular Veda (see FAQ on Hinduism for the typical contents of a Veda) can be translated as rope rules or "manuals of measurement", the modern term for which would be metrology.
		The main contributors during the Vedic period were, as we mentioned earlier Baudhayana, Apastambha, and Katyayana.
		In the Proposed skeleton of Indian Chronology Baudhayana is dated at 3200BCE, which would make him contemporaneous or earlier than the Babylonians.
	www.indicethos.org /Mathematics/FAQmath.html (3915 words)

	Sutra
		The Baudhayana, Manava, Bharadvaja, Apastamba and Hiranyakesin, associated with the fl Yajur Veda.
		It is one of the oldest Dharmasutras, and is studied by the followers of the Sama Veda (see Veda).
		The Baudhayana Dharmasutra describes the differences in the religious practices followed in northern and southern India, and provides detailed information about the four castes (see Varna), and the five daily sacrifices (Panchamahayagya).
	www.gurjari.net /ico/Mystica/html/sutra.htm (505 words)

	Baudhayana biography
		Several values of π occur in Baudhayana's Sulbasutra since when giving different constructions Baudhayana uses different approximations for constructing circular shapes.
		None of these is particularly accurate but, in the context of constructing altars they would not lead to noticeable errors.
		An interesting, and quite accurate, approximate value for √2 is given in Chapter 1 verse 61 of Baudhayana's Sulbasutra.
	www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk /Biographies/Baudhayana.html (429 words)

	Body
		It was known in the Sulbasutra (for example, Sutra 52 of Baudhayana's Sulbasutram) that the diagonal of a square is the side of another square with two times the area of the first square as we can see in Figure 1.
		Baudhayana's approximations are numerically identical to those attained in the DandA method using fractions, but again with significantly less computations.
		Baudhayana's method can not come even close to the DandA method in terms of ease of use with a computer and its applicability to finding the square root of any number.
	www.math.cornell.edu /~dwh/papers/sulba/sulba.html (2321 words)

	Layout For Different Sacrifices According to Different Srauta Sutras
		This book,' Layout for Different Sacrifices according to Different Sulbasutras' is a companion volume of the earlier published book 'Layout and construction of Citis according to Baudhayanam, Manava and Apastamba Sulbasstras, by the same author.
		The book gives in detail layout of fire-places, vedis, pavilions, etc., required for different sacrifices namely Darsapurnamasau, Caturmasya, Nirudha Pasubandha, Soma, Soma with a citi, and Sautramani, according to four Acaryas, Baudhayana, Manva, Apastamba and Katyayana, a number of detailed dimensioned figures explaining the text are included.
		Layout and Construction of Citis according to Baudhayana, Manava, and Apastamba Sulbasutras - The present volume is companion of this volume.
	www.exoticindiaart.com /book/details/IDH216 (329 words)

	Panchangam: Hindu Calendar-http://mailerindia.com.
		The old Sanskrit text Baudhayana Shulba Sutra of the 6th century BCE mentions this ratio as approximately equal to 3.
		The so-called Pythagoras Theorem - the square of the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle equals the sum of the square of the two sides - was worked out earlier in India by Baudhayana in Baudhayana Sulba Sutra.
		He describes: "The area produced by the diagonal of a rectangle is equal to the sum of the area produced by it on two sides." Note: Greek writers attributed the theorem of Euclid to Pythagoras.
	mailerindia.com /cgi-bin/main.cgi?astroin (1272 words)

	Hand of the Vedapurusa from the Chapter "Kalpa", in Hindu Dharma : kamakoti.org:
		Six sages have composed Kalpasutras for the Krsna-Yajurveda which is predominantly followed in the South - Apastamba, Baudhayana, Vaikhanasa, Satyasadha, Bharadhvaja, Agnivesa, Asvalayana and Sankhayana have written Kalpasutras for the Rigveda but the former's is most widely followed.
		There are sulba-sutras by Katyayana, Baudhayana, Hiranyakesin and so on.
		It is a matter for regret that the conduct of srauta works (havir and soma sacrifices), which are of the utmost importance to the Vedic religion, has become very rare.
	www.kamakoti.org /hindudharma/part11/chap1.htm (1771 words)

	[Advaita-l] RE: Vedic Shakhas for kshatriyas and vaishyas? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		>Baudhayana says that, if a Brahmin finds it impossible >to maintain by being an Acharya or a Purohita, he may >take to the livelihood of a Kshatriya or of that of a >Vaishya.
		I have not studied Baudhayana but I can always sympathize with apad-dharma.
		What about the case raised by the original poster where subject did not even try to be an Acharya or a Purohita simply because this was not as rewarding as other professions?
	www.advaita-vedanta.org /archives/advaita-l/2005-January/014601.html (201 words)

	Did you Know ! - Christian Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Samskrit text, by the famous Hindu mathematician, Baudhayana in his Baudhayana Sutra of the 6th century BC mentions this ratio as approximately equal to 3.
		Therefore, the earth, planets, constellations, moon and sun are held in orbit due to this attraction." It was not until 1687, 1200 years later did Issac Newton rediscover the Law of Gravity.
		Baudhayana states: "The area produced by the diagonal of a rectangle is equal to the sum of area produced by it on two sides."
	www.christianforums.com /t1224489-did-you-know-.html (1929 words)

	India's schoolbook histories
		Most readers of this column will have heard only one or two names of the greatest Indian scientists and mathematicians: Lagadha, Baudhayana, Panini, Pingala, Aryabhata, Bhaskara, Madhava, Nilakantha, whose ideas have shaped the world.
		Baudhayana (800 BC) gave the 'Pythagoras theorem' centuries before the Greek.
		Panini (400 century BC) has been called the greatest genius who ever lived: his grammar of the Sanskrit language is exhaustive and yet it uses only 4,000 computer program-like rules.
	www.rediff.com /news/2003/aug/22kak.htm (1076 words)

	Body
		Together Sutras 50, 51, and 54 describe a construction of a square with the same area as a given rectangle (oblong) and a proof (based on the Pythagorean Theorem) that this construction is correct.
		Baudhayana avoids the Completeness Axiom by giving an explicit construction of the side of the square.
		Baudhayana's Sutra 52 states that the diagonal of a square is the side of another square with two times the area of the first square.
	www.math.cornell.edu /~dwh/books/eg99/Ch14/Ch14.html (4713 words)

	Read Before Writing
		The Baudhayana Sulba Sutra i.e the Treatise on Geometry by Baudhayana predates that of Pythagoras where he not only proves it but also discusses the square root.
		In fact I even call it the Pythagoras theorem..but then never rejected the counter-claim nor accepted it at first but scanned the breadth and he length of the topic without being biased (I myself was a teacher in the Math Dept. in a Univ. in US).
		Which puts Baudhayana on par with Apasthamba and with other mathematical gropers in a dozen other civilisations.
	www.suite101.com /discussion.cfm/oriental_history/32044 (2557 words)

	The Aftermath (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		…and later on, the Srauta Sutra of Baudhayana refers to the Parasus and the arattas who stayed behind and others who moved eastwards to the middle Ganges valley and the places equivalent such as the Kasi, the Videhas and the Kuru Pancalas, and so on.
		More importantly, Witzel produces a passage from the Baudhayana Srautasutra which contains ‘the most explicit statement of immigration into the Subcontinent’.
		In the same book, the relevant passage (Baudhayana Srautasutra 18.44) has been studied closely and has been translated into German by Toshifumi Goto [Ref. 39].
	vishalagarwal.voiceofdharma.com /articles/indhistory/amt/aftermath.htm (1107 words)

	Aryan Migration Theory: Fabricating Literary Evidence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Then, there is the following direct statement contained in (the admittedly much later) BSS (=Baudhayana Shrauta Sutra) 18.44:397.9 sqq which has once again been overlooked, not having been translated yet: “Ayu went eastwards.
		·Interestingly, while the article in Erdosy’s volume admits that the ‘Baudhayana Shrauta Sutra is admittedly a late text’, the revised version of Witzel contains a different (albeit correct) emphasis by specifying that it is a passage from the Brahmana period.
		It is so obviously wrong that one wonders how a student of Sanskrit, let alone a Harvard professor of Sanskrit, could put his name under it.
	hindunet.org /saraswati/AMT.html (5350 words)

	culture
		They explain the ritual, the mantras used and the social aspects of the sanskaras.
		Some of the important Grihyasutras are the Apastamba Grihyasutra, the Baudhayana Grihyasutra, the Ashvalayana Grihyasutra, the Sankhayana Grihyasutra, and the Gobhila Grihyasutra.
		The Baudhayana Dharmasutra describes the differences in the religious practices followed in northern and southern India, and provides detailed information about the four castes, and the five daily sacrifices (Panchamahayagya).
	narasimhan.com /SK/Culture/heritage/rel_sutra.htm (520 words)

	Brahmin, brahmana, caste, tribe, gotra, rishi, ritual, india, hindu, religion, Mana Sanskriti (Our Culture), Issue 69
		The oldest among these Dharma Sutras are Apasthambha, Baudhayana, Gautama and Vasishta Sutras.
		Baudhayana: Baudhayana also belonged to Krishnayajurveda School and was an inhabitant of Andhra Country.
		He was quoted by Baudhayana and belonged to Samaveda School.
	www.vepachedu.org /manasanskriti/Brahmins.html (9287 words)

	Sulba Sutras - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The name "Sulba Sutra" means rule of chords, which is another name for geometry.
		Of the Sulvas so far 'uncovered', the four major and most mathematically significant are those composed by Baudhayana, Manava, Apastamba and Katyayana.
		These Sulba Sutras have been dated from around 800 BCE to 200 BCE.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sulba_Sutras (604 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)