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	Bayard Rustin Page
		Bayard Rustin was born in West Chester Pennsylvania on March 17, 1912.
		Rustin was sentenced to a chain gang in North Carolina for his participation.
		Rustin was an instrumental advisor to King in organizing the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1956.
	www.lambda.net /~maximum/rustin.html (736 words)

	Bayard Rustin
		Rustin, who believed that nonviolence was more an ideology than a tactic, even felt that King, in having his home guarded by armed men, was drifting away from principles of nonviolence (Boycott).
		Bayard Rustin was made chief organizer of the event, and he carried this job “masterfully” through to its completion on the day of the march, August 28, 1963 (Blumberg 51).
		Rustin had no shame in being gay and never tried to hide the fact, and throughout his career he was discriminated against and condemned for his sexuality.
	www.tcnj.edu /~carter8/bayard_rustin (1985 words)

	Bayard Rustin - Civil Rights Leader - QuakerInfo.com
		Bayard Taylor Rustin was born on March 17, 1912, to Florence Rustin, one of eight children of Julia and Janifer Rustin of West Chester, Pennsylvania.
		On release from prison, Rustin got involved again with the Fellowship of Reconciliation, which staged a journey of reconciliation through four Southern and border states in 1947 to test the application of the Supreme Court's recent ruling that discrimination in seating in interstate transportation was illegal.
		Arguably the high point of Bayard Rustin's political career was the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom which took place on August 28, 1963, the place of Dr. Martin Luther King's stirring "I Have a Dream" speech.
	www.quakerinfo.com /quak_br.shtml (1804 words)

	Jazz/Jerry Jazz Musician/"Lost Prophet" author John D'Emilio is interviewed about civil rights leader Bayard Rustin
		Bayard Rustin is one of the important figures in the history of the American civil rights movement.
		Rustin came from the wing of the civil rights movement that always emphasized direct action, civil disobedience, and with an attitude that breaking the law in a disciplined way would expose the injustice of the law.
		Rustin, who was a young Quaker and militant activist in the late thirties and early forties, participated in discussion circles and began to imagine relaying Gandhi's message and employing his methods in the United States.
	www.jerryjazzmusician.com /linernotes/bayard_rustin.html (4911 words)

	Bayard Rustin
		Rustin was influenced by the religious and political beliefs of his grandmother, Julia Rustin.
		Rustin was able to persuade the leaders of all the various civil rights groups to participate in the planned protest meeting at the Lincoln Memorial on 28th August.
		Rustin was highly valued by the trade union movement, and when the AFL-CIO decided in 1965 to fund a new civil rights organisation, the Philip Randolph Institute, he was asked to be its leader.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /USArustin.htm (2970 words)

	AFRO-AMERICAN ALMANAC - African-American History Resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Bayard Rustin was born in West Chester Pennsylvania on March 17, 1912, to Florence Rustin and Archie Hopkins.
		Rustin was a gifted and successful student in the schools of West Chester, both academically and on his high school track and football teams.
		By 1957, Rustin was busy playing a large role in the birth of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and in the Prayer Pilgrimage to Washington that took place on May 17, 1957 to urge President Eisenhower to enforce the Supreme Court's 1954 ruling that the nation's schools be desegregated.
	www.toptags.com /aama/bio/men/brustin.htm (831 words)

	Bayard Rustin
		Anderson skillfully uncovers Rustin's complicated history, from his West Chester, Pennsylvania, birth in 1912 and fl Quaker upbringing to his ideological move from communism to social democracy, and restores to public memory a vital career in the history of nonviolent social activism.
		Bayard Rustin was active in the struggle for human rights and economic Justice for over 50 years Born in 1912, he was reared in West Chester, Pennsylvania where he excelled as a student, athlete and musician.
		Rustin’s efforts at organizing demonstrations and sit-ins along Gandhian lines reached a climax in 1947, when he participated in an interracial group that sought to test a recent Supreme Court decision outlawing discrimination in interstate travel.
	www.queertheory.com /histories/r/rustin_bayard.htm (1605 words)

	Bayard Rustin (1912 - 1987)
		Rustin briefly joined the March on Washington movement as a youth organizer in A. Philip Randolph's campaign to end racial discrimination in the nation's defense industries.
		Rustin spent 28 months in federal prison after being arrested in 1943 when, as a conscientious objector, he refused to report to his draft board for a physical examination.
		Rustin's left-wing past and sexual identity (Rustin had never hidden his homosexuality) made him a controversial figure for many of the more conservative members of the coalition Randolph wanted to bring together.
	www.aflcio.org /aboutaflcio/history/history/rustin.cfm (966 words)

	Teachers' Domain: Bayard Rustin
		Bayard Rustin was a lifelong leader in the struggle for racial equality.
		Although he was a conscientious objector to the war, Rustin and other activists were frustrated by the fact that African American soldiers who fought in the war returned to a country that denied them citizenship rights.
		Rustin continued to promote nonviolence and coalition building in a movement that had become frustrated with the slow pace of change, and so his influence began to decline.
	www.teachersdomain.org /9-12/soc/ush/civil/rustin/index.html (692 words)

	More About Bayard Rustin \|\| Brother Outsider: The Life of Bayard Rustin
		Rustin organized the Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom in 1957, The National Youth Marches for Integrated Schools in 1958 and 1959, and was the Deputy Director and chief organizer of the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom which, at that time, was the largest demonstration in the nation’s history.
		Rustin participated in many strikes and was a staunch ally to organized labor.
		At the time of his death, Bayard Rustin was Co-Chairman of the A. Philip Randolph Institute and President of the A. Philip Randolph Educational Fund.
	www.rustin.org /biography.html (1245 words)

	Vignette: Bayard Rustin
		BAYARD RUSTIN, a political activist and organizer during the civil rights movement and close associate of Martin Luther King Jr., was born in 1910 in West Chester, Pennsylvania.
		Rustin grew up believing that his grandparents were his parents; his mother lived with them, but posed as his sister.
		Rustin was a member of the Communist Party and an organizer with the Young Communist League from 1936 until 1941, when he left the party.
	faculty.washington.edu /qtaylor/aa_Vignettes/rustin_bayard.htm (237 words)

	[No title]
		And, of course, Bayard was the logistical coordinator and point-man for the triumphant 1963 March on Washington, which saw 250,000 people peacefully demonstrate for jobs and freedom in what was surely the civil rights movement's finest hour.
		As to Bayard's faith in the labor movement, it is nonsensical to argue that labor and the fl community are somehow incompatible or mutually exclusive.
		Bayard, like Randolph, understood that most fl men and women are workers and therefore have a stake in a strong and vibrant trade union movement.
	www.socialdemocrats.org /normhill.html (1071 words)

	Race Matters - Bayard Rustin
		Rustin was a Quaker and a pacifist, Gandhi style — which meant being a fighter, though without violence.
		Rustin wrote an essay touching on this theme, "From Protest to Politics," which is included in the collection of his writings.
		Rustin was not a traitor, though — even if his writings show that from time to time he grew a little ornery and declined to grant even the slightest merit to his critics on the left.
	www.racematters.org /bayardrustin.htm (1821 words)

	LGBT Scholarships and Awards - Bayard Rustin Bio
		Bayard Rustin was born on March 17, 1912, to Florence Rustin, one of eight children of Julia and Janifer Rustin of West Chester Pennsylvania.
		The communists’ progressive stance on the issue of racial injustice appealed to him, although he began to be disillusioned with them after the Communist Party’s abrupt about-face on the issue of segregation in the American military in the wake of the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union.
		Bayard Rustin was an indispensable unsung force behind the movement towards equality for America’s fl citizens, and more largely for the rights of humans around the globe.
	www.wcupa.edu /_services/stu.lgb/scholarshipawards/rustinbio.htm (270 words)

	Civil Rights Heroes — Bayard Rustin - Civil Rights
		Rustin was a native of West Chester, Pennsylvania.
		Bayard Rustin’s accomplishments read like the curriculum vitae of a man committed to a noble cause, and one of his crowning achievements was the collaboration with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
		Rustin was able to not only speak out about the racial prejudices he had to endure, but also the anti-gay prejudice he was forced to endure.
	www.bellaonline.com /articles/art48561.asp (485 words)

	Bayard T. Rustin Papers (Library of Congress)
		The status of copyright in the unpublished writings of Bayard T. Rustin in these papers and in other collections of papers in the custody of the Library of Congress is governed by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U.S.C.).
		Rustin Papers before the collection was delivered to the Library of Congress and arranged by the Manuscript Division.
		Rustin's orations and writings generally cover broad issues pertaining to the civil rights movement, including such topics as integration, racism, the alienation of fl youth, fl separatism, the race riots of the 1960s, and the 1963 march on Washington.
	www.loc.gov /rr/mss/text/rustin.html (2914 words)

	Super Hero - Bayard Rustin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Rustin would later become an extraordinary leader by harnessing the power of the masses, something Randolph talked to him about that first day.
		Still, it was in 1963 that Rustin demonstrated his preeminence in the Civil Rights Movement by finally delivering his mass March on Washington, where 200,000 participants formed the largest protest of its time.
		Rustin publicly denounced A. Philip Randolph after Randolph canceled the 1948 March on Washington, which was largely organized by Rustin.
	www.black-collegian.com /issues/35thAnn/rustin.shtml (529 words)

	P.O.V. - Brother Outsider . About the Film \| PBS
		Rustin's commitment to pacifism and his visionary advocacy of Gandhian nonviolence made him a pioneer in the 1940s, and captured King's imagination in the 1950s.
		Rustin was a brilliant acolyte of A.J. Muste's Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR), turning the philosophy that "peace is the way" into inventive social demonstrations against the violence of injustice.
		Rustin was attacked as an "Uncle Tom" and viciously gay-baited by younger fl nationalists.
	www.pbs.org /pov/pov2002/brotheroutsider/aboutthefilm.html (1371 words)

	Polar opposites share role in King legacy
		Bayard Rustin, right, played a major role in helping the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., left, and others in racial bus protests in Montgomery, Ala.
		Rustin was a tireless activist in the struggle for human rights and economic justice.
		In 1953, when Rustin was in his early 40s, he was arrested as a "suspected sexual pervert." The animus directed at him sometimes came from the same people he stood with in the fight against segregation.
	seattlepi.nwsource.com /jamieson/208185_robert17.html (796 words)

	Race Matters - The Organizer, Bayard Rustin
		However, Rustin continued, ''the evils in the North are not easy to understand and fight against.'' These, Rustin emphasized, ''are problems which, while conditioned by Jim Crow, do not vanish upon its demise.
		This trivialization of the political threatens to engulf Rustin himself; in the current fashion, he is studied less as an activist exemplar than as a putative victim.
		Rustin was remarkably open for a pre-Stonewall gay man. A lover from his youth told D'Emilio: ''I never had any sense at all that Bayard felt any shame or guilt about his homosexuality.
	www.racematters.org /bayardrustinbooks.htm (1099 words)

	Bayard Rustin
		Rustin was a voice of reason in a time of insanity.
		Rustin was often a lone voice promoting non-violent means and openly debating fl leaders who promoted violence.
		Because Rustin had been a member of the communist party and was gay, he was denied recognition throughout his life.
	www.unmc.edu /Community/ruralmeded/fedstloc/bayard_rustin.htm (130 words)

	Malcolm X and Bayard Rustin
		In November 1960, Malcolm X and Bayard Rustin met at Radio Station WRAI in New York to discuss their approaches to the question of race in the United States.
		At the time, Rustin, 48, was a close advisor to A. Philip Randolph and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., who represented two generations of nonviolent leadership in the struggle for an integrated, non-racial society.
		Rustin: I believe it is very important to have a great sense of racial identity because I believe it is quite impossible for people to struggle creatively if they do not truly believe in themselves.
	www.socialdemocrats.org /rusmalx.html (3169 words)

	Bayard Rustin — FactMonster.com
		Rustin was one of the most influential civil rights activists of the 1950s and '60s, yet he maintained a low profile, reserving the spotlight for other prominent figures, including Martin Luther King, Jr.
		Rustin also organized 1947's Journey of Reconciliation, in which fls and whites rode together on public transportation.
		Rustin began his long association with King in the 1950s, serving as his adviser and in 1957 as a founder of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, a major force organizing the civil rights movement.
	www.factmonster.com /ipka/A0900070.html (331 words)

	Powell's Books - Lost Prophet: The Life and Times of Bayard Rustin by John Demilio
		Bayard Rustin is one of the most important figures in the history of the American civil rights movement.
		Rustin mentored a young and inexperienced Martin Luther King in the use of nonviolence.
		Rustin emerges as a hero of the fl freedom struggle and a singularly important figure in the lost gay history of the mid-twentieth century.
	www.powells.com /cgi-bin/biblio?inkey=17-0684827808-0 (795 words)

	OpinionJournal - Taste
		Bayard (pronounced BUY-erd) developed a reputation early as something of a troublemaker for his defiance of such racial restrictions.
		Rustin, then 43 and with a lifetime of activism already under his belt, provided the tactical guidance and tutored King in the philosophy of nonviolence.
		To Rustin, these were nothing but a "psychological purgative," and he fought them with the same fearlessness with which he had fought Jim Crow.
	www.opinionjournal.com /taste/?id=110002925 (1120 words)

	Bayard Rustin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In 1963, Rustin was instrumental in organizing the 1963 March on Washington that included Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s "I have a dream" speech.
		Rustin's life as an activist challenging the status quo was not an easy one.
		Due to this incident, Rustin could not officially lead the 1963 March on Washington, and he never received the recognition he was due.
	members.aol.com /matrixwerx/glbthistory/rustin.htm (724 words)

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