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Topic: Bayer filter

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	Tutorials - Digital Camera Sensors
		A Bayer array consists of alternating rows of red-green and green-blue filters.
		Note: Not all digital cameras use a Bayer array, however this is by far the most common setup.
		Bayer "demosaicing" is the process of translating this Bayer array of primary colors into a final image which contains full color information at each pixel.
	www.cambridgeincolour.com /tutorials/sensors.htm (934 words)

	Bayer Filter cinematography
		A bayer filter is a colour filter array in a checkerboard pattern that is placed over a single chip ccd or cmos imager to create a colour image.
		50% of the pixels are filtered green, 25% red, and 25% blue.
		Bayer pattern color cameras do not produce equivalent resolution to 3 chip sensors.
	hd24.com /bayer_filter.htm (222 words)

	Bayer filter@Everything2.com
		Now the issue of choosing a filter must be addressed.
		The Bayer filter is one of the three most common options.
		A green filter takes white light and eliminates two thirds of the visible spectrum (the eliminated spectrum would appear magenta); a magenta filter takes white light and eliminates one third of the visible spectrum (the eliminated spectrum would appear green).
	everything2.com /index.pl?node_id=1061307 (475 words)

	Bayer Filter Array - ProPHOTO WIKI
		Fig 1 - Bayer Colour Filter Arrays are used to capture colour data on image sensors that are otherwise not sensitive to colour.
		This raw filtered data is then run through a demosaicing filter in order to regenerate a colour image file.
		This filter softens the image being projected on the sensor in order to ensure that any point of light in the scene will be sampled by at least three pixels.
	www.prophotowiki.com /w/index.php/Bayer_Filter_Array (890 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Foveon X3 sensor
		Independent comparisons of quality tend to rate the Foveon X3 sensor as having resolution equivalent to a Bayer sensor of double the location count, consistent with equal numbers of locations dedicated to luminance resolution (that is, green-sensitive photosensors).
		This in turn means that the sharpening filter which most cameras apply to the image is not necessary with the Foveon X3 sensor.
		Each pixel of a mosaic sensor is covered by a light filter that passes only one of the primary colors, absorbing the other two.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Foveon-X3-sensor (1003 words)

	BAYER FILTER : Encyclopedia Entry
		A Bayer filter mosaic is a color filter array (CFA) for arranging RGB color filters on a square grid of photosensors.
		Alternatives include the CYGM filter (cyan, yellow, green, magenta) and RGBE filter (red, green, blue, emerald), which require similar demosaicing; the Foveon X3 sensor, which layers red, green, and blue sensors vertically rather than using a mosaic; or using three separate CCDs, one for each color, which is far more expensive.
		On June 14, 2007, Eastman Kodak announced an alternative to the Bayer filter: a color-filter pattern that increases the sensitivity to light of the image sensor in a digital camera by using some "panchromatic", cells that are sensitive to all wavelengths of visible light and collect a larger amount of light striking the sensor.
	www.bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/Bayer_filter (478 words)

	[No title]
		Bayer filter cameras present an interesting approach and they are becoming more popular than ever with the advent of affordable CMOS based image sensors.
		Today, we can find Bayer filter cameras that go up to 6 million pixels per frame; I don't believe there is an RGB camera on the market today that can provide these kinds of resolutions at the same price points.
		Silicon filter technology may be an option but it's too soon to make that call; this technology takes advantage of a photon’s wavelength to determine its penetration into silicon and offers the possibility of collecting different colors on a single pixel site.
	www.coreco.com /Web/wbtools3.nsf/0/87fce126f109ea3a05256c7100591c9a?OpenDocument (968 words)

	Bayer Norden: Bayer CropScience Innovation Award 2006 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It is a special filter, based on high-tech nano-materials which over a longer period of time can collect the solutes which the filter has been optimized to capture.
		At the same time, trace elements, which have no impact on the environment, are released by the filter, making it possible to calculate an average concentration of those, or the solutes which are to be monitored, in the laboratory.
		Bayer CropScience is a subsidiary of Bayer AG, with an annual turnover of approximately Euro 5.8 billion.
	www.bayer.dk /bayer/norden.nsf/Public/53A7FDE2657249CAC125712E00545785 (974 words)

	Bayer Colour Filter - what are they?
		In general single-sensor colour cameras are employing a monochrome sensor with a colour filter pattern (one other possibility to achieve a colour image with only one sensor would be to use a revolving filter wheel in front of a monochrome sensor, but this clearly has some limitations).
		This method of achieving colour images has as a consequence that no object point is projected on more than one sensor pixel, that is, only one measurement (for a single colour or sum of a set of colours) can be made for each object point.
		The reason for this is that a primary colour filter blocks off 2/3 of the spectrum (i.e.
	www.visionelements.co.uk /bayer_filter.html (374 words)

	Olympus Microscopy Resource Center: Digital Imaging in Optical Microscopy - Introduction to CMOS Image Sensors
		The heavy emphasis placed upon green filters is due to human visual response, which reaches a maximum sensitivity in the 550-nanometer (green) wavelength region of the visible spectrum.
		Beneath the Bayer filter and microlens arrays are the photodiodes themselves, which are illustrated in Figure 2(c) as four complete photodiode assemblies or pixel units.
		By examining the Bayer filter transmission spectra in Figure 4, it is obvious that the red and green filters transmit identical amounts of light in this wavelength region.
	www.olympusmicro.com /primer/digitalimaging/cmosimagesensors.html (6171 words)

	Bayer MaterialScience AG thermoplastic polyurethanes for domestic appliances
		The handle and the four rounded sections of the base of the water filter pitcher are coated with the soft-touch thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) Desmopan® DP 6386A, which is resistant to scratching, abrasion, and slipping.
		The filter pitcher is produced with a 2-component lathe tool using hard/soft technology and injection molding.
		Bayer MaterialScience AG is one of the world's largest producers of polymers and high-performance plastics.
	www.jobwerx.com /news/bayer_biz-id=947855_245.html (516 words)

	News Release Bayer Technology Services
		The heated filter plates comprise filtering chamber filter plates with metal heating chambers that are installed alternately with membrane filter plates in conventional filter presses.
		Finally, the filter cake is dried in the same apparatus by means of vacuum contact drying to a residual moisture of less than one percent.
		Limestone filter cakes approximately 20 millimeters thick can be dried to less than one percent residual moisture in about one hour at heating media temperatures of less than 100 degrees Celsius and a vacuum of 40 mbar.
	www.bayertechnology.com /eng/press/79_6070.php (456 words)

	Camera T1
		Filters with several different patterns are used but the Bayer color filter is the most common The Figure 3 and 4 show a portion of the Bayer filter.
		When a color filter is used with a single sensor, each individual cell in the sensor gathers light of only one particular color.
		Presented in Figure 5(a) is a raw Bayer pattern image before reconstruction by interpolation, and in Figure 5(b) is the results obtained after processing with a correlation-adjusted version of the linear interpolation algorithm.
	www.high-techdigital.com /integration/Camera_t_1.htm (1130 words)

	Use of a lenslet array with a vertically stacked pixel array - Patent 6958862
		The photodiodes for these color filter mosaics are arranged to detect as wide a range of the color spectrum as possible while using color filters to limit the detection to a single desired color.
		The Bayer color filter array takes advantage of the human eye's sensitivity to high spatial frequencies in luminance, which is primarily composed of green light.
		However, the image projected by a lenslet array onto a Bayer color filter array is subject to severe color distortion due to a "moiré" pattern between the lenslet array image and the Bayer color filter array.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6958862.html (3481 words)

	DPanswer: Defects
		Bayer filter reconstruction are prone to rainbow-like colour artefacts along the edge between any two contrasting colours.
		In the crop on the left, prominent Bayer artefacts are visble around the edge, and along the weather board, chimney and antenna.
		The predominantly vertical nature of the noise pattern, and the fact that it seems to be occur when some of the colour channels of a CCD sensors is oversaturated may indicate that the the problem is related somewhat to blooming.
	hannemyr.com /photo/defects.html (4044 words)

	Bayer Filter cinematography
		A bayer filter is a colour filter array in a checkerboard pattern that is placed over a single chip ccd or cmos imager to create a colour image.
		Averaged together, a Bayer chip misses up to 67% of the color information in the image.
		Bayer pattern color cameras do not produce equivalent resolution to 3 chip sensors.
	www.hd24.com /bayer_filter.htm (222 words)

	Bayer filter - Definition, explanation
		A Bayer filter is a color filtering array for arranging RGB colors on a monochromatic grid.
		The Bayer filter has twice as many green pixels as red or blue because of the human eye's greater resolving power with green light.
		This is a simulated sampling taken by a Bayer filtered sensor array.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/b/ba/bayer_filter.php (382 words)

	Preventing green non-uniformity in image sensors - Patent 6944337
		A contour filter according to 2, wherein said sub array has an odd number of rows and columns and said pre-determined position of said pixel to be filtered is in the center of said sub array.
		The so-called Bayer sensor is widely used in digital cameras, whereby the filter preferably comprises means for receiving the array of filter values from a CCD sensor comprising an RGB Bayer sensor.
		The filter can be divided into two parts, a first array of filter coefficients which filters the zero switched green color when center green is present, and a second array of filter coefficients which filters the zero switched green color when center green is absent.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6944337.html (5411 words)

	camcorders-ccds-single ccd-three ccd-one ccd-JVC GRHD1-JYHD10
		The filter's cut-off frequency is a function of the number of CCD horizontal elements.
		Note that vertical resolution is not affected by the anti-aliasing filter because the cut-off frequency is set based on the far higher number of horizontal CCD elements.
		At the superficial level, because a sliding filter would not be used, the potential horizontal resolution would increase, in 720p mode, from 960 pixels to 1,280 pixels.
	digitalcontentproducer.com /mag/video_ccd_counting_needed/index.html (1894 words)

	Color and Infrared (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Because the color imagers have filters on the pixels, they receive less light, and thus have less sensitivity than the monochrome imagers.
		The Bayer color filter does not block near IR, so colors will be "washed out" if IR is admitted to the color imager.
		For near-IR work, the filter can be removed, and IR pass filters placed over the lenses to eliminate visible light, as in the third image above.
	www.videredesign.com /color_and_infrared.htm (788 words)

	Digital Images: Foveon X3 versus Bayer
		Bayerized image: this is the original image with 2 of the three color channels omitted at each pixel (in a Bayer mosaic pattern) and reconstructed with a demosaicing or "de-Bayering" algorithm similar to what is found in dSLR cameras.
		Bayerized image w/AA filter: these images are the same as the Bayerized image, except a blurring filter was applied to the original image prior to the Bayer --> de-Bayer process, simulating what would happen with an AA filter installed.
		Bayer sensors will produce images that are softer and less detailed due to the "smoothing" needed to eliminate artifacts and color distortions.
	www.ddisoftware.com /reviews/sd9-v-bayer (1679 words)

	Digital cameras 2u
		A Bayer filter pattern is a 2×2 pattern of light filters, with green ones at opposite corners and red and blue elsewhere.
		Single Shot capture systems use either one CCD with a Bayer filter stamped onto it or three separate CCDs (one each for the primary additive colors red, green and blue) which are exposed to the same image via a beam splitter.
		Another multiple shot method utilized a single CCD with a Bayer filter but actually moved the physical location of the sensor chip on the focus plane of the lens to “stitch” together a higher resolution image than the CCD would allow otherwise.
	www.digital-cameras-2u.com /content (2842 words)

	Bayer
		Bayer images are usually generated by a single-chip CCD camera, which has a color filter mosaic array (CFA) installed in front of the sensor.
		Each pixel value in a Bayer image corresponds to the intensity of the pixel behind the corresponding color filter.
		Note that the higher the ordinal number of the selected Bayer filter is, the higher the quality of the resulting image is and the higher the CPU load is. If the application speed is critical, consider using the Nearest Neighbour filter.
	www.ab-soft.com /ADCHELP/_bayer.htm (294 words)

	Bayer CFA reconstruction
		This is partly due to the interaction of fine detail with the monitor grid, and it is also due to the attempt to display features smaller than 1 pixel.
		Different types of filter may be more (or less) efficient, and can also be tailored for a particular type of image content.
		That is irrespective of using a Bayer CFA or not, but the aliasing of a Bayerized image results in color aliasing which looks worse than luminance aliasing.
	www.xs4all.nl /~bvdwolf/main/foto/bayer/bayer_cfa.htm (1186 words)

	\| NORPIX \| STREAMPIX -- BAYER FILTER CONVERSION
		The Bayer Filter Conversion PlugIn Module converts a grabbed RAW format sequence in StreamPix to a true color sequence.
		Some types of Bayer cameras used by StreamPix deliver images that can be stored as RAW data directly to the sequence or converted as RGB data before being stored.
		The StreamPix Bayer converter PlugIn allows the conversion of the RAW type sequence to a regular RGB color sequence when you are off line from the normal capture process.
	www.norpix.com /applications/bayer_filters/bayer.php (132 words)

	Kodak High Sensitivity Image Sensor Tech: Digital Photography Review
		In this design, half of the pixels on the sensor are used to collect green light, with the remaining pixels split evenly between sensitivity to red and blue light.
		A Bayer filter mosaic is a color filter array (CFA) for arranging RGB color filters on a square grid of photosensors.
		The new approach builds upon the standard Bayer pattern by adding panchromatic pixels – pixels that are sensitive to all visible wavelengths – to the RGB pixels present on the sensor.
	www.dpreview.com /news/0706/07061401kodakhighsens.asp (1224 words)

	MLUnsold Digital Imaging (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Apply any filter in ImagesPlus to raw Bayer color filter array red, green, or blue data before conversion to a color image.
		Apply a set of filters from the current active image or IP project file to a set of images selected from a disk directory.
		The filter set is applied in a background process.
	www.mlunsold.com /ILNewFeatures.html (1341 words)

	Color Filter Array Designs
		Red and yellow filters would be suitable to a device like the Foveon sensor as well, but here the red and green components would simply be subtracted electronically, the light sensors in all layers being sensitive to all wavelengths.
		If a cyan filter were added to red, green, and blue filters, therefore, it would not add anything to the color discrimination abilities of an image sensor.
		While the arrangement of color filters for a cyan/yellow/unfiltered scheme is shown, this is a situation where the technology from Foveon, which attempts to use all available light for each pixel, would be particularly beneficial.
	www.quadibloc.com /other/cfaint.htm (4765 words)

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