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	Bayezid II - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Whether as a result of his fear of the rivalry of Jem, or of his personal character, Bayezid showed little of the aggressive spirit of his warlike predecessors; and Machiavelli said that another such sultan would cause Turkey to cease being a menace to Europe.
		Bayezid himself conducted the siege of Modon in 1500.
		The forces destined to maintain his authority in Asia had been entrusted by Bayezid to his three sons, Ahmed, Corcud and Selim; and the sultan's declining years were embittered by their revolts and rivalry.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Bayezid_II (648 words)

	The advance against Europe 1365-1402
		Bayezid did not expect to bring down the mighty walls of Constantinople by attack, so instead he blockaded it from the straits, hoping to starve it out in time.
		While Bayezid had triumphed in the western part of what is modern Turkey, Timur had staked an equally formidable claim in the east, capturing the strategic city of Sivas in 1400.
		Bayezid's response was to assemble his troops, drawing large numbers of vassal soldiers out of the Balkans and suspending the long siege of Constantinople just at the point when his blockade was beginning to show some effect.
	www.ottomanonline.net /history/3.html (2860 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Bayezid I
		Bayezid I (Ottoman: بايزيد اول, Modern Turkish: Beyazıt, nicknamed Yıldırım (Ottoman: ییلدیرم), "the Thunderbolt"; Arabic: بايزيد الأول; ca 1354–1403) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1389 to 1402.
		In 1391 Bayezid laid siege to Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine empire.
		In the fateful Battle of Ankara, on July 20, 1402, Bayezid was captured by Timur.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Bayezid_I (655 words)

	Sources on Tamerlane
		Sultan Bayezid having news that Timur was thus in occupation of his provinces, immediately set aside the business he had in hand and betook himself first to Angora where was a strong castle and where already he had stored his munitions of war and supplies.
		Bayezid coming up where he thought to find Timur, now became aware that the latter had changed his route, and rashly imagined that this was done to escape him, in short that Timur had now taken to flight.
		And when the kindred of Bayezid were certain of defeat and knew that they had fallen into the army of calamity, the infantry stood firm against mail-clad cavalry, skillfully using axes and all the sharpest swords.
	www.deremilitari.org /resources/sources/tamerlane.htm (1195 words)

	1362-89. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		SULTAN BAYEZID I, the energetic new ruler (known as Yildirim, or the Thunderbolt), inherited a fragile empire.
		These recruits, who were educated, converted to Islam, and then employed in official positions, provided the sultan with an elite group of loyal servants as well as a useful counterweight to the political power of the Turkish notables.
		Under Bayezid's successors, the recruitment of slaves for official service grew into one of the distinctive institutions of the Ottoman state.
	www.bartleby.com /67/310.html (549 words)

	Ottoman Coinage Part II
		Bayezid, the eldest of Murad’s son took control of the Ottoman army and had his younger brother Yakub killed to prevent a possible mutiny and to claim the Ottoman leadership uncontested.
		Bayezid retreated with the rest of army to the safety of his capital in Edirne.
		It is likely that in the same, early period of his rule he minted similar mangyr in Bursa, but on those mangyrs beside the three lines in the middle of coin and ornaments (six pointed-star and three dots on the each side of star), there was the inscription HAN (Fig.
	www.islamiccoinsgroup.50g.com /ArtOttomanII.htm (880 words)

	Bayezid 1
		Bayezid represents both a continuation of the building of state structures in the empire, as well as the most dramatic downturn so far in its history.
		1396 September 25: Bayezid is faced with a Hungarian-Venetian crusade, during which he inflicted a crushing defeat at Nicopolis.
		The land was divided between his sons, Mehmed Süleyman and Isa.
	i-cias.com /e.o/s04-bayezid1.htm (210 words)

	The Second Capital of Ottoman Empire,Edirne
		After the death of Yıldırım Bayezid I, the empire was torn apart by a decade of strife between his sons who all laid claim to the throne.
		Bayezid's eldest son Emir Süleyman Çelebi moved the state treasury from Bursa to Edirne, where he declared himself sultan.
		Mehmed II's son Bayezid II (1481-1512) had Gedik Ahmed Paşa executed at Edirne Palace, and it was here that the struggle with his son Selim for the throne took place.
	www.ottomansouvenir.com /Capitals/Edirne.htm (6559 words)

	The Ottoman State to 1481: the Age of Expansion
		It was only under Bayezid I (1389-1402) that the wealth and power gained by this initial expansion were used to assimilate the Anatolian Turkish principalities to the east.
		His son and successor, Bayezid I (1389-1402), was unable to take advantage of his father's victory to achieve further European conquest; in fact, he was compelled to restore the defeated vassals and return to Anatolia.
		As Bayezid and Timur moved toward battle, the former's Turkmen vassals and Muslim followers deserted him because he had abandoned the old Ottoman ghazi tradition of advancing against the infidel.
	turkmeniya.tripod.com /id23.html (1794 words)

	Sultan Bayezid The Lightning
		Bayezid's father was Amurath the First, his mother Gulchuchek Khatoun.
		Bayezid's appearance was round faced, pale with light brown hair, grayish-blue eyes, a thick beard and broad shoulders.
		Bayezid inflicted a crushing defeat on the crusaders at Nicopolis (Sept. 25, 1396).
	www.naqshbandi.org /ottomans/khalifa/s4_detail.htm (693 words)

	A General History of the Near East, Chapter 13
		In 1413 the youngest son of Bayezid, Mohammed I (Mehmed in Turkish), defeated the last of his brothers and became the undisputed ruler of what remained to the empire.
		Finally it was the laid-back, mystical character of Mohammed II's son, Bayezid II (1481-1512), that was to blame.
		Bayezid wasn't totally passive--he greatly enlarged the Ottoman navy, and took four of the six Venetian fortresses left on the Greek mainland--but for most of his reign he did nothing at all.
	xenohistorian.faithweb.com /neareast/ne13.html (17140 words)

	Worcester Art Museum - Bayezid I, "The Thunderbolt," Routs the Crusaders at the Battle of Nicopolis
		Bayezid I, "The Thunderbolt," Routs the Crusaders at the Battle of Nicopolis, from the Hunernama of Loqman, 1584
		The Turkish text of this folio is taken from an account of the rule of Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I (reigned 1389-1403).
		Although Bayezid I was at that time attempting to take Constantinople from the Byzantines, he abandoned his campaign to hurry to Nicopolis, where he inflicted a crushing defeat upon his Christian rivals.
	www.worcesterart.org /Collection/Islamic/1935.13.html (233 words)

	Bayezid I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Bayezid I: Bayezid (1360-1403) bey/sultan from 1389 till 1403.
		Bayezid represents both a continuation of the building of state structures in the empire, as well as the most dramatic downturn to date in its history.
		He was eventually succeeded by his son Mehmed 1, but only after a lengthy interregnum during which time he was forced to win back the lands that had been given to his 2 brothers Süleyman and Isa.
	www.arts.ualberta.ca /~amcdouga/Hist323/Readings/bayezid_i.htm (215 words)

	Suleiman the Magnificent Summary
		He allowed her to remain with him at court for the rest of her life, despite another tradition that when imperial heirs became of age, they would be sent along with the imperial concubine who bore them to govern remote provinces of the Empire, never to return unless their progeny succeeded to the throne.
		In anticipation of Suleiman's death, in 1559 his sons by Roxelana, Selim and Bayezid, engaged in a series of battles for the succession, in part, due to the Ottoman practice of fratricide of rival successors, in which one of the two would be ordered strangled.
		The resultant turmoil led Suleiman to order the death of Bayezid on September 25 1561, after he was repatriated by the Shah of Persia, after having fled there for protection, leaving Suleiman's son Selim the heir presumptive.
	www.bookrags.com /Suleiman_the_Magnificent (4234 words)

	Ottoman and Persian Empires 1300-1730 by Sanderson Beck
		Bayezid besieged Constantinople, and Emperor Manuel II had to accept a Muslim quarter in his capital under an Islamic tribunal; 6,000 Ottoman troops were garrisoned at Galata.
		Bayezid was criticized for his licentiousness that set a bad example and for not paying his soldiers.
		Bayezid's son Musa was also captured in the battle of Ankara; but his other three sons escaped and began a civil war that lasted a decade.
	www.san.beck.org /1-10-Ottoman1300-1730.html (18048 words)

	BarbManning.net Freelance - The Fall of Constantinople
		As early as the reign of Bayezid I (1389-1402), the Ottomans recognized the importance of conquering the imperial city.
		Bayezid I the Thunderbolt (1389-1403) was one of the first sultans to offer serious challenge to the power of the Anatolian ayans.
		After Bayezid's disaster, the Ottoman state chiefly concerned itself with restoring a united leadership and regaining control of Anatolia.
	www.barbmanning.net /samples/kapikullari.html (3021 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Reign of the Sultans
		Bayezid II siezed power from his brother in 1481, after their fathers death, by the help of the fearfull janissaries.
		Bayezid accepted, not because he had to, but becasue he had other plans for his glorius soldiers.
		Bayezid had never liked the Mamelukes and every day that continued with them ruling Egypt, was a day of sadness for him.
	forum.paradoxplaza.com /forum/showthread.php?t=53028 (2979 words)

	History 111A, Lecture 6
		Bayezid I (1389-1402) influenced by Christian advisors in Ottoman court to abandon gazi tradition of advancing into Europe and turning to conquer Muslim Turkoman principalities in Anatolia.
		Domination of Turkomans in Turkish aristocracy angered Murad and Bayezid I who tried to counteract their power by creating mercenary standing army of infantry (yaya) and cavalry (musellem), replacing nomads who were pushed to frontier as gazis fighting infidel Christians.
		Bayezid gave conquered lands to Kapu Kulu slaves to increase their power and enable them to counter power of Turkish aristocracy.
	www.sscnet.ucla.edu /history/shaw/classes/111a/98F/lec6.htm (1059 words)

	Yýldýrým Bayezid (Beyazýt I)
		Ancak Edirne’den yola çýkarak süratle gelen Sultan Bayezid, Haçlý ordusunu,Niðbolu Kalesi önünde aðýr bir bozguna uðrattý (25 Eylül 1396).
		Niðbolu Zaferinden sonra, Bayezid, Ýstanbul Boðazýnýn en dar yerinde Anadolu tarafýnda “Güzelcehisarý” (Anadolu Hisarý) inþâ ettirdi.
		Bunun üzerine Bayezid, þehzâdelerinden birini Sivas’a göndererek burayý zaptettirdi.
	www.dallog.com /tdsa/hukumdarlar/yildirim.htm (866 words)

	[No title]
		In the year of 1390 and in the first months of 1391, Bayezid I abolished the Western Anatolian Turkmen principalities one by one with a speed that entitled him with the title of �Yýldýrým� (Lightning, Express) and he annexed their lands to the Ottoman State.
		In the year of 1391, Sultan Bayezid was in the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea.
		In these years, the most powerful state of the world, Timur State was under the dominion of the Eastern Turks and the second most powerful state of Yildirim Bayezid was under the dominion of Western Turks.
	trboard.org /modules/makale/print.php?id=65 (2515 words)

	BAYEZID I - Online Information article about BAYEZID I
		Palaeologus bought him off by timely concessions which reduced him practically to the position of Bayezid's See also:
		Angora by the Mongol invader, Bayezid became his prisoner, and died in captivity some months later, in See also:
		Bayezid first married Devlet Shah Khatun, daughter of the See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /BAR_BEC/BAYEZID_I.html (410 words)

	Selim I Summary
		The son of Bayezid II (Bajazet), Selim gained administrative experience as governor of Trebizond and Semendra.
		In contention for the succession with his older brothers, Selim won with the support of the Janissaries, who forced Bayezid to abdicate on April 25, 1512.
		He dethroned his father Bayezid II (1481–1512) in 1512.
	www.bookrags.com /Selim_I (1056 words)

	The Ottoman Empire - All Empires
		His successor, Bayezid I (ruled 1389-1402), was unable to make further European conquests.
		Three Sultans rueld during the Empire's Golden Age; Bayezid II (1481-1512), Selim I (1512-20), and Suleyman I the Magnificent (1520-66).
		Bayezid expanded the Empire in the Balkans and made outposts along the Black Sea, he also put down the revolts in Anatolia.
	www.allempires.com /article/index.php?q=ottoman_empire (1575 words)

	Turkey - The Ottoman Empire
		Bulgaria was subdued in 1393, and in 1396 a French-led force of crusaders that had crossed the Danube from Hungary was annihilated at Nicopolis (see fig.
		In Anatolia, where Ottoman policy had been directed toward consolidating the sultan's hold over the gazi amirates by means of conquest, usurpation, and purchase, the Ottomans were confronted by the forces of the Mongol leader Timur (Tamerlane), to whom many of the Turkish gazis had defected.
		Timur crushed Ottoman forces near Ankara in 1402 and captured Bayezid I. The unfortunate sultan died in captivity the next year, leaving four heirs, who for a decade competed for control of what remained of Ottoman Anatolia.
	countrystudies.us /turkey/6.htm (647 words)

	:..::. Museum Of Architecture ..:::.::
		Founder: Sultan Murad I, Sultan Bayezid I (tomb)
		The tomb was built by Sultan Bayezid I after 1389.
		the son of Suleyman Celebi and one of the sons of Sultan Bayezid II.
	www.archmuseum.org /biyografi.asp?id=10002 (606 words)

	Military Organization of the Ottoman Empire
		As the yayas and mand#1100;sellems expanded in numbers, their salaries became too burdensome for the Ottoman treasury, so in most cases the newly conquered lands were assigned to their commanders in the form of timars.
		Only late in the 14th century did Murad I and Bayezid I attempt to build up their own personal power by building a military slave force for the sultan under the name kapkulu.
		But, when Bayezid I abandoned the ghazi tradition and moved into Anatolia, he lost the support of the Turkish notables and their spahis before his new kapkulu army was fully established.
	turkmeniya.tripod.com /id24.html (1059 words)

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