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Topic: Beam steering

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	Beam steering - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Beam steering: Changing the direction of the main lobe of a radiation pattern.
		In radio systems, beam steering may be accomplished by switching antenna elements or by changing the relative phases of the rf signals driving the elements.
		In optical systems, beam steering may be accomplished by changing the refractive index of the medium through which the beam is transmitted or by the use of mirrors or lenses.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Beam_steering (100 words)

	Agile optical beam steering system - Patent 4823402
		The expanded beams 34a and 34b impinge on separate gimbaled steering mirrors 36a and 36b, which are capable of directing the beams over the large field of regard of the system, as indicated by the beams 38a and 38b.
		The beam is focused onto a focal plane 47 by the eyepiece array 48, each eyepiece in the array cooperating with a telescope mirror 50 to produce expanded multiple beams 52, each of which impinges on one of an array of gimbaled plane mirrors 36'.
		A transmitted beam from the transmitter 80 passes through the beam splitter 96 and is reflected from the first scanning mirror 86, and then reflected from the reflective diffraction grating 90, and from the reflective diffraction grating 94 onto one of the elements of the eyepiece array 98.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4823402.html (8139 words)

	DSP Beam Steering with Modern Line Arrays
		Beam steering loudspeakers is more difficult, as compared to antenna theory or sonar, primarily as a result of the remarkable frequency span of the human ear.
		In order for beam steering to work, the sound radiated from one loudspeaker needs to be influenced by the sound from other loudspeakers comprising an array.
		Beam steering does not virtually “tilt” the array – instead it turns a circular disk of sound into a 3D cone of sound.
	www.meyersound.com /support/papers/steering (1768 words)

	SPINNING-ARRAY 2-D BEAM-STEERING MMW ANTENNA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Beam profile in the elevation plane was formed with the use of parabolic reflectors (Fig.2).
		The fact that the beam position is insensitive to polarization is a result of the circular symmetry of the feeding rod and grating’s holes.
		Beam patterns for the upper and the lower antennas at four randomly selected drum positions, produced using 3-deg reflectors.
	www.ecs.umass.edu /ece/allerton/papers1999/15 (950 words)

	Liquid Crystal Used
		However, current nonmechanical beam steering devices either require high-voltage operation, such as electro-optic crystals and PLZT (lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate) or costly technology, such as the phased-array beam deflector.
		This device deflects the incident beam by applying the electro-optic effect of nematic liquid crystal: the refractive index experienced by the extraordinary ray is continuously changed with the driven voltage.
		Four steering angles (10.8°, 7.2°, 3.6°, 0°) are obtained with a diffraction efficiency ranging from 65% to 75% (shown is Figure 4).
	www.spie.org /web/oer/december/dec98/opctg.html (814 words)

	Satellite beam steering reference using terrestrial beam steering terminals - Patent 5697050
		The beam pattern (3) is comprised of a plurality of sub-beams (4).
		The antenna beam from a LEO satellite can be analogized as a push broom, where the yaw axis is the broom's handle and where the satellite's coverage area, that is, a region illuminated by the beam, is pushed over the earth's surface.
		The beam pattern is comprised of a plurality of sub-beams.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5697050.html (7011 words)

	oe magazine - putting on the shift (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		For small steering angles, this flyback region is a small percentage of the phase ramp and is of little consequence, but as angles get larger, it means a significant portion of the wavefront is steered to the wrong angle, resulting in a loss in the correct direction and high sidelobes.
		An LC beam steerer placed in front of the glass selects which hologram is addressed, allowing the user to select the desired large angle of deflection.
		Simplified steering techniques can lead radio frequency and optical systems to share a single aperture, or—with the help of fiber optics—enable centralized processing systems for a ship or plane that support a variety of sensors, searching for enemies in all directions and across all bands.
	oemagazine.com /FromtheMagazine/apr03/shift.html (1975 words)

	J.-C. Chiao - Quasi-Optical Beam Steering Grids - 1999
		Two-dimensional beam steering can be achieved by arranging the bias lines to control the respective switch settings for E-plane and H-plane phase shifts.
		The steered pattern was measured by rotating a receiving horn, with the grid at the center of the circle.
		The theoretical steered pattern in the E-plane, predicted by the phased-array theory and the unit-cell antenna pattern, is compared with the measured pattern in Fig.
	www.uta.edu /faculty/jcchiao/beamsteer2.htm (1506 words)

	LASER Steering (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Steve Tehon's piezo-electric ceramic bender elements (cousins to sonar transducers) were combined to build a laser beam steering device for Gordon Jacobs' laser program.
		The overview photo shows the beam steerer scanning a laser beam in a spiral pattern.
		The intermediate photo shows the steering mechanism, and the detail picture show the detail of the "tipping" mirror.
	home.twcny.rr.com /theruths/ts_laser_steering.htm (174 words)

	Olympus Microscopy Resource Center: Physics of Light and Color - Beam Steering by Wedge Prisms: Interactive Java ...
		The tutorial initializes with an incident light beam entering the first wedge prism (Wedge 1) of a pair where the angled face of the prism is facing the incoming wave.
		The light beam travels through the first prism, where it is refracted before entering the second prism (Wedge 2) of the pair.
		The light beam is refracted again by the second prism and is projected onto the yellow screen positioned on the right-hand side of the tutorial window.
	www.olympusmicro.com /primer/java/prismsandbeamsplitters/wedgeprisms/index.html (447 words)

	Getting desired beam:
		Beam Steering Test: (Do this before energizing septum magnets or Q1’s with the beam on): Inform MCC that you’re going to energize the septa and Q1’s.
		With no target, low current (<10 micro amps), and beam steered onto the dump viewer as specified in Elog 1205723 bring Q1’s and septa up to current values needed for the experiment (should be off (I=0) at start).
		Bull's Eye Scan: With unrastered, 5uA beam on a single carbon target take CODA and Harp scan runs in a grid of at least nine points with the edges of the box near the size of the raster you are planning to run.
	www.jlab.org /~lerose/e94107/beam_quality.htm (258 words)

	Beam Steering and Light Deflection
		The potential for new beam steering applications and the inability of existing beam steering technologies to meet those needs have been the driving force behind research into new beam steering technologies.
		Free space communications, in which data (being carried in a spatially directed modulated or pulsed beam) must be directed from one node in a communications link to another remote node, and in which the direction from transmitter to receiver is not as rigidly fixed as would be required for non-steering communication.
		The third type of loss is leakage into an unselected steering direction, caused by imperfect polarization rotation or misalignment of a deflecting wedge with respect to its predecessor.
	www.lci.kent.edu /boslab/projects/light_deflection/index.html (2849 words)

	Optical Phased Array Improves Liquid Crystal Devices Used in Laser Beam Steering Subsystems NASA Tech Briefs - Find ...
		Under a DARPA program known as Steered Agile Beams (STAB), novel liquid-crystal devices are being developed by Rockwell Scientific Company (RSC) to enable compact, high-speed laser beam steering subsystems for applications in free-space laser communications over distances ranging from 1 to 100 km.
		With the OPA in an un-driven state (liquid crystal in homogenous orientation), a laser beam would travel through the liquid crystal and not be affected, and the light would then reflect off the patterned electrodes, creating a diffraction pattern corresponding to electrodes structure.
		Coupled with wide steering devices, entirely electro-optic beam steering over a 40-degree field of regard has been demonstrated, with many improvements coming.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3957/is_200403/ai_n9397971 (878 words)

	Beam Steering
		When the beams are steered a long way from the meridian the beam width is reduced, as is the width of the whole fan-beam pattern.
		This effect is shown for one beam in Fig 20.
		We chose to ignore this effect when look at the beam steering component, since implementing this function would be quite complicated.
	oldsite.vislab.usyd.edu.au /education/sc3/2000/most/report/node4.html (301 words)

	2 DOF MEMS Laser Beam Steering System for Optical Communication Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Considering the directional laser beam, with 1 miliradian (.017 deg) divergence, we can say that pointing accuracy must be a fraction of 1 miliradian, which is the beamwidth.
		An estimation of the target's position narrows the scan area, and its dimensions are limited by the errors in the estimation.
		Considering the requirements above, the beam steering element in the system must be precise, fast, and have a large dynamic range.
	www.eecs.berkeley.edu /IPRO/Summary/03abstracts/cagdaser.1.html (412 words)

	EM300 Yaw Stabilisation
		This transmit beam pattern may be steered fore or aft of the plane orthogonal to the ships head.
		Each sector (9 sectors are used) has a discrete steering angle which is designed to optimise the combined effect of pitch and yaw stabilisation for that particular sector alone.
		Whereas on the right hand side we see a cone representing the axis of a single transmit beam pattern (with only one discrete steering angle), on the left hand side we see that the transmit pulse is broken up into a series of cone sectors, each with discrete steering angles.
	www.omg.unb.ca /~jhc/yaw_stab (1617 words)

	Fast Steering Mirrors, Mirror Controllers, Beam Stabilizers, Custom Mirror Design
		Primary position feedback is from the beam stabilizer position sensing detector.
		These mirrors are used for a variety of applications including scanning, beam stabilization, and tracking.
		With a digital controller, the fast steering mirror can be optimized for its given application.
	www.opticsinmotion.net (226 words)

	Sealed beam to steering arm
		Sealed beams are relatively inexpensive and when one burns out or the lens cracks, the whole unit is replaced.
		The small electric motor that engages the teeth of the flywheel and causes the engine to crank or turn over until it begins to run under its own power.
		The arm attached to the steering knuckle that turns the knuckle and wheel for steering.
	www.datsuns.com /Tech/carterms8.htm (392 words)

	Controlled Beam Steering Using Two-Beam Coupling for Optical Routing Applications
		Optical routing applications involve the re-direction of an optical beam from one path direction to another in a well-controlled, rapid manner.
		Novel polymer photorefractive systems are attractive candidates for beam steering since two-beam coupling in many polymer composites is very efficient and temporarily fast.
		In two beam coupling, the direction of the beam diffraction is a function of the angle between the two interacting beams in the polymer.
	www.jhuapl.edu /ott/technologies/technology/articles/P01636.asp (138 words)

	Labrum Optical Eng. inc., lens design, optical engineering, prisms, reflectors
		Normally it is easier to build separate laser beam expanding optics and separate beam steering optics and assemble them one after the other.
		However, this particular application was very space limited and it was necessary to devise a way to combine both beam expansion and beam steering into one short optical train.
		The laser beam is then Bragg scattered by the Baw in the usual manner.
	www.labrumopticaleng.com (3430 words)

	Fast Steering Mirrors
		ATA is developing a complete line of fine steering mirrors, bringing new meaning to the word “fast,” that enable real time corrections in adaptive optics for directed energy systems, long range dynamic laser communications, and telescopes.
		Combine these capabilities with our 30 year history of excellence in real time controls and system development for precision sensing, measurement and control and you have a product line that simply beats the competition.
		ATA develops and manufactures stabilized platforms and inertial reference units which can be combined with fast steering mirrors to meet the most stringent system requirements.
	www.aptec.com /ATAWeb/fast_steering_mirrors.htm (311 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Models 670-RCT and 670-RCB Beam Steering Accessories are precision devices for adjusting the height and direction of a laser beam.
		In use, the lower mirror is pivoted to the desired angle with an integrated knurled knob.
		The upper mirror holder has a hand-sized knurled knob for coarse azimuth positioning over a 360° range and high-resolution adjustment screws for precise beam pointing in azimuth and elevation.
	www.newport.com /Precision-Beam-Steerers/144995/1033/catalog.aspx (252 words)

	Automatic Beam Steering In The Cern Ps Complex (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Abstract: The recombination, transfer and injection of the four beams from the PS Booster to the PS Main Ring, have a high level of intricacy and are a subject of permanent concern for the operation of the PS Injector Complex.
		These tasks were thus selected as a test bench for the implementation of a prototype of an automatic beam steering system.
		The core of the system is based on a generic trajectory optimizer, robust enough to cope with imperfect observations.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /241315.html (360 words)

	Laser Polarizer Mount & Beam Steering Unit
		Laser Beam Steering Unit employs two flat mirrors, two servo motors, belts, bearings, gears, and an azimuthal slip-ring assembly to point the laser beam and receiver field-of-view anywhere in the sky.Increasing demands on the accuracy and repeatability of manufacturing processes are occurring in all industries, from electronics to automotive; medical to aerospace.
		Challenging manufacturing tolerances that were once confined to semiconductor process lines are now appearing in other sectors such as gauging, fibre optic communications,Polarizer flat panel displays and nano-machining, where components are getting smaller and more intricate.
		Laser Beam Steering Unit constant drive for improvement is placing severe demands on the manufacturing machines used to process, assemble, test and inspect such components.
	sandviccomponents.com /laser-components-mounts.html (455 words)

	Automated Beam Steering and Shaping 2001
		Automated Beam Steering and Shaping is concerned with the application of accelerator modelling and numerical methods to the on-line, operational aspects of the commissioning and improvement of particle accelerators and light sources.
		Examples of ABS systems are steering, optimization, matching, feedback, model diagnostics, beamline diagnostics, calibration, and beam-based alignment.
		The objective of ABS 2001 is to help the exchange of algorithms, methods and software among the participants, and to provide a forum for the clarification of requirements, ideas and trends.
	www-project.slac.stanford.edu /abs2001 (163 words)

	VSEA - Products - VIISta HCP
		Innovations on the patented dual magnet ribbon beam architecture result in improved beamline transmission, higher on-wafer beam utilization, and higher beam current output.
		The patented dual magnet ribbon beam architecture of VIISta HCP isolates the wafer from sources of particles.
		The VIISta HCP is the only high-current system that measures and adjusts beam steering.
	www.vsea.com /products/VIIStaHCP (204 words)

	Goodrich Corporation Optical & Space Systems - Advanced Beam Control System
		Goodrich's Electro-Optical Systems is currently in the fifth phase of the Advanced Beam Control System Program (ABCS), which is part of a comprehensive program to develop the technologies required to deploy directed-energy weapons capable of destroying ballistic missiles in flight.
		To date, the mission has consisted of five phases from concept to refinement, detail design, fabrication, assembly, integration, test and evaluation of the experiment.
		The very successful ABCS is a key example of developed technology and hardware for deformable mirrors, wavefront sensors, and beam steering mirrors.
	www.oss.goodrich.com /AdvancedBeamControlSystem.shtml (150 words)

	Faster Beam Steering Mirrors Stabilize Lasers \| Laser Web (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The steering-mirror systems were designed to improve the performance of optics and imaging systems in a variety of applications ranging from lithography to bio-medical instrumentation.
		PI steering mirrors are based on a parallel-kinematics design with a single moving platform and coplanar rotational axes, for jitter-free, multi-axis motion.
		In addition, the single-pivot-point design provides better linearity and avoids the drawback of polarization rotation, common with galvo scanners, where two single axis systems need to be stacked to provide XY motion.
	laserweb.org /node/261 (334 words)

	beam steering - Storming Media
		GPS Ionospheric Scintillation Measurements Using a Beam Steering Antenna Array for Improved Signal/Noise Date: 2006
		Beam Steering by Lag Synchronization in Ultra-Wide Bandwidth, Chaotic Arrays Date: DEC 2004
		High Speed Modulation, Beam Steering and Control of High Power Diode Lasers Date: 03 MAR 2000
	www.stormingmedia.us /keywords/beam_steering.html (669 words)

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