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Topic: Bear River Massacre

	Bear River Massacre - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Bear River Massacre, also called the Battle of Bear River and the Massacre at Boa Ogoi, took place on January 29, 1863, between the United States Army and the Shoshone Indians at the confluence of the Bear River and Beaver Creek (now Battle Creek) near Preston in present day Franklin County, Idaho.
		The detachment of the U.S. Army was led by Col. Patrick Edward Connor as a part of the Bear River Expedition against Shoshone Chief Bear Hunter.
		The actions of the Utah War and the Mountain Meadows massacre were still fresh in the minds of military planners, not to mention a fairly substantial militia made up of Mormon settlers that seemingly answered only to Brigham Young himself and not the Federal Government.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bear_River_Massacre (4762 words)

	Northwestern Band of Shoshone Nation
		The attack near Preston, Idaho, at the confluence of Bear River and Beaver Creek, is considered the largest single-incident massacre of Indians in the American West.
		The Bear River Massacre was the bloodiest in western U.S. history, historian Brigham Madsen said.
		The bands at Bear River had little to do with these raids, but they had resisted the settlers who began moving into Cache Valley in 1860, appropriating their land and water during the next three years.
	www.lemhi-shoshone.com /northwest_band_shoshone.html (1594 words)

	RRT: Pg96
		Although the Mormon settlers had asked Connor for help, the attack was also motivated by Connor's desire to open the Bear River area to settlement by non-Mormons.
		A decade of Indian skirmishes followed the Massacre, but the patterns of Native American hunting and settlement were effectively disrupted forever by this attack (madsen, 1985).
		Bear River Massacre Historical Marker, updated in the 1980s to the generally accepted account of the incident.
	imnh.isu.edu /digitalatlas/geog/rrt/part4/chp14/96.htm (226 words)

	hist0127
		Before setting out for Bear River in southern Idaho, nearly 75 of Connor's 275 men were left behind in Utah's Brigham City due to frozen feet before the remainder of the regiment made the hard ride north.
		Bear Hunter was regarded as the principal leader of the Northwestern Shoshoni, being designated by Mormon settlers as the war chief who held equal status with Washakie when the Eastern and Northwestern groups met in their annual get-together each summer in Round Valley, just north of Bear Lake.
		Bear Hunter was killed, and the remnants of his tribe under Sagwitch and the chiefs of nine other Northwestern bands signed the Treaty of Box Elder at Brigham City, Utah, on 30 July 1863, bringing peace to this Shoshoni region.
	nativenewsonline.org /history/hist0127.html (2984 words)

	Bear River (Utah) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Bear River is a river, approximately 350 mi (563 km) long in southwestern Wyoming, southeastern Idaho, and northern Utah in the United States.
		The river is used extensively for irrigation in the farming valleys through which it flows in its lower reaches Idaho and northern Utah The lower 10 mi (16 km) of the river near its delta on the Great Salt Lake are protected as part of Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge.
		In the early 19th century the river valley was inhabited by Shoshone.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bear_River_(Utah) (445 words)

	Bear River Massacre
		By 8:00 a.m., the Indian men were out of ammunition, and the last two hours of the battle became a massacre as the soldiers used their revolvers to shoot down all the Indians they could find in the dense willows of the camp.
		After the slaughter ended, some of the undisciplined soldiers went through the Indian village raping women and using axes to bash in the heads of women and children who were already dying of wounds.
		Of the six major Indian massacres in the Far West, from Bear River in 1863 to Wounded Knee in 1890, the Bear River affair resulted in the most victims, an event which today deserves greater attention than the mere sign presently at the site.
	historytogo.utah.gov /utah_chapters/american_indians/bearrivermassacre.html (484 words)

	Bear River Massacre
		On 29 January 1863 Colonel Patrick Edward Connor and about 200 California Volunteers attacked a Northwestern Shoshoni winter village located at the confluence of Beaver Creek and Bear River, twelve miles west and north of the village of Franklin in Cache Valley and just a short distance north of the present Utah-Idaho boundary line.
		This band of 450 Shoshoni under war chief Bear Hunter had watched uneasily as Mormon farmers had moved into the Indian home of Cache Valley in the spring of 1860 and now, three years later, had appropriated all the land and water of the verdant mountain valley.
		The troops burned the seventy-five Indian lodges, recovered 1,000 bushels of wheat and flour, and appropriated 175 Shoshoni horses.
	www.onlineutah.com /bearrivermassacre.shtml (452 words)

	Welcome to the New Bear Town Boogie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-09)
		Bear River is a tiny village in rural South Western Nova Scotia, Canada.
		A tidal river, the Bear River rises and falls close to 30 feet, twice daily and empties four miles further towards the coast, into the Annapolis Basin.
		Bear River is also the haven for many artisans.
	members.tripod.com /Beartown/bear.html (393 words)

	Idaho Public TV Outdoor Idaho - Bear Lake Country
		In 1863, the Bear Lake area was settled by Mormon pioneers.
		I had a grandmother that ran for the river and had a new baby and the baby started to cry and she drowned the baby so it wouldn't disclose their hiding place because there were other Native Americans under the banks.
		Bear Lake, sprawled across the border of Utah and Idaho, in a position resembling a sleeping bear, eight miles by twenty, green as the spring, blue as the sky, clear as a mirror, and as changeable as a woman’s mind.
	idptv.state.id.us /outdoors/shows/bearlake/reflections.html (1510 words)

	Thunderbear 248
		The Bear went on to cite the case of the Soviet Union which is self sufficient in all minerals and an exporter of oil and gas.
		The massacre of Native Americans by government troops was usually the result of spontaneous actions by frightened and incompetent officers and soldiers, rather than some evil, genocidal plan on the part of the government or Army high command.
		The river was much deeper than expected, there was confusion, and many of the infantry had to cling to the stirrups and saddle horns of the cavalry.
	www.workingnet.com /thunderbear/248.html (7983 words)

	Posts tagged with Massacre \| MetaFilter
		Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo spearheaded an anti-Haitian massacre in which armed thugs killed every Creole speaker who couldn't pronounce the trilled R in the Spanish word for parsley.
		Chief Sagwich's Northwestern Band of Shoshone had their world shattered on January 23, 1863 when the US Army's 3rd California Volunteers under the leadership of a bitterly xenophobic Patrick E Connor, killed 250 of the 450 tribal members at the behest of Utah territorial officials to have the tribe disciplined.
		This slaughter, known as the Bear River Massacre, was the largest such mass killing of natives (even surpassing Wounded Knee) and the only official Civil War battle that took place in what is now Idaho.
	www.metafilter.com /tags/Massacre (915 words)

	Native American Atrocities - Bear River Massacre
		The peaceful Shoshone camp was attacked at dawn by Colonel Patrick Edward O'Connor and his militia from Salt Lake City, UT. The Bear River camp was in Washington Territory.
		The massacre was conducted not by trained military, but violent and most times drunken militia.
		Chief Bear Hunter was beaten, kicked, stripped and whipped bloody.
	www.lastoftheindependents.com /bearriver.htm (427 words)

	Echoes Of A Silent River
		The morning sun peeked from behind a frozen dawn, and by sundown, the largest brutal massacre of Native Americans in the history of the United States had taken place.
		Buried in the back pages of the nation's newspapers, the Bear River Massacre held little interest for the citizens across the country thousands of miles away.
		Echoes of a Silent River proves to be a thought provoking and uplifting compilation that alternately fascinates and informs us all,all the while while breaking stereotypes of what many think of as Indian spirituality.
	www.booklocker.com /books/1332.html (353 words)

	deseretnews.com \| Shoshones
		Still, if that baptismal day of the Bear River — when the entire Shoshone tribe was converted to the LDS faith — was a time of rejoicing and a new beginning, a decade earlier another spot on the Bear River was a time for grief and mourning.
		The "Bear River Massacre" was once called the "Battle of Bear River," but Mae Parry was instrumental in getting the name changed to "the Bear River Massacre" and pointing up the so-called "battle" was actually one-sided.
		There were also stories of women having to set their babies adrift in the waters of the Bear River so their crying wouldn't betray the hiding places of others.
	deseretnews.com /dn/view/0,1249,375012613,00.html (2317 words)

	Bear River Was an Army Massacre (WOVOCA.com - Earth Mother Crying! © )
		Most important, it provides the first empirical proof of what historians have gradually come to accept: that the event long known as the Bear River "battle" was in fact a massacre, with soldiers killing hundreds of Shoshoni men, women and children even as they sought to surrender.
		Schindler's interest in the Bear River massacre stemmed from his research on Orrin Porter Rockwell, the pioneer Mormon convert, gunslinger and accused murderer who guided Connor's troops to the Shoshoni encampment near Preston.
		Historians who have researched the Bear River massacre believe this newly recovered primary source material provides an important glimpse into the attitude of the soldiers.
	www.wovoca.com /hidden-history-bear-river-massacre.htm (1774 words)

	- Bear River Massacre -Native American Indian Tribes - Over 2,000 articles on native american indians, their culture & ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-09)
		Chief Bear Hunter was a proud and brave chief who did not utter a word or issue a cry of mercy under his torment.
		Five years later, a cavalry patrol came upon Bear River's field and reported the skeletons of the people, men, women, and children still were scattered upon the grounds.
		"The Shoshoni Frontier - Bear River Massacre" by Brigham Madsen.
	www.aaanativearts.com /article515.html (1337 words)

	- Bear River Massacre -Native American Indian Tribes - Over 2,000 articles on native american indians, their culture & ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-09)
		She suffered wounds in the shoulder and chest and the loss of her baby, who was tossed into the icy water to be drowned.
		Chief Bear Hunter was known as a leader by the soldiers.
		When Meriwether Lewis led his Corps of Discovery Expedition across the Continental Divide and down into the Salmon River Country, the Mountain Shoshoni, or Salmon Eaters, who met the Americans were overjoyed to be reunited with Sacajawea, sister of their Chief, Ca-me-ah-wait, and for long a captive of tribes east of the mountains.
	mousepages.aaanativearts.com /article287.html (2891 words)

	Pioneer Historic Byway
		At 1:00 am on January 29, 1863, an infantry of soldiers with all their weapons moved through the snow drifts into position to attack a band of 450 Shoshoni men, women, and children that had camped along the banks of the Bear River.
		The troops began the attack at the crack of dawn just as the Shoshoni were lighting their first campfires.
		Painting of the Bear River Massacre in the Preston Post Office.
	www.pioneerhistoricbyway.org /bear_river_massacre.htm (125 words)

	Fort Douglas Collection
		These campaigns included the winning of the "Battle of Bear River" (later known as the Bear River Massacre) in January 1863 (after this battle he was promoted to general), and defeating the Arapaho Indians on the Tongue River in Wyoming, 1865.
		Connor preferred to stay at the Walker House Hotel in Utah where he established much of the early mining interests, and was commonly known as the "Father of Mining." The Great Basin mine, purchased by Connor in 1865, was incorporated in 1879.
		Camp Douglas played an important role in the "Battle of Bear River" (later known as the Bear River Massacre) and the Battle with the Arapaho Indians on the Tongue River in Wyoming.
	www.lib.utah.edu /spc/mss/ms518/ms518.html (1855 words)

	The Wounded Knee Massacre - December 1890
		Short Bull and Kicking Bear led their followers to the northwest corner of the Pine Ridge reservation, to a sheltered escarpment known as the Stronghold.
		The silence of the morning was broken and soon other guns echoed in the river bed.
		At first, the struggle was fought at close quarters, but when the Indians ran to take cover, the Hotchkiss artillery opened up on them, cutting down men, women, children alike, the sick Big Foot among them.
	www.lastoftheindependents.com /wounded.htm (671 words)

	Canku Ota - April 19, 2003 - Massacre Site gets Long-delayed Blessing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-09)
		Hasuse blessed the land first in the tribe's native language as many of the Shoshone attending the ceremony wiped tears from their eyes.
		It was the first time the Northwestern Band of the Shoshone Nation performed rites for their ancestors since the Bear River Massacre on Jan. 29, 1863.
		The Bear River Massacre was the bloodiest in western U.S. history, Madsen said.
	www.turtletrack.org /Issues03/Co04192003/CO_04192003_Massacre.htm (706 words)

	Shoshoni
		On January 29th, 1863, 250-275 Shoshone men, women, and children were killed in an attack of their village along the banks of the Bear River in Southeastern Idaho.
		The event where members of the Tribe were massacred is known as the Bear River Massacre near present day Preston, Idaho.
		An environmental assessment of the Massacre Site was conducted to analyze "whether the site in Idaho are suitable and feasible to be added to the national park system, and to examine viable alternatives for the protection and public use of the site." Five alternatives are presLented in the study for its use and management.
	indian.utah.gov /utah_tribes_today/shoshoni.html (836 words)

	History News Network
		Oh, and it was a massacre OF Indians, not a massacre BY Indians:
		Bear River Massacre site, looking east for the Shoshone camp.
		There were many "smaller" massacres as well; e.g.
	hnn.us /readcomment.php?id=15897 (736 words)

	Hardships on the Oregon-Trail
		Laramie in 1854, and became known as the Grattan Massacre.
		In January of 1863 Conner and his California Volunteers marched north to the Bear River.
		But word of the Bear Rive Massacre, and a similar event in Sand Creek Colorado, soon spread to tribes across the west.
	www.isu.edu /~trinmich/Native.html (543 words)

	The Battle of Bear River
		Shoshoni raids under Chief Bear Hunter during the winter of 1862-63 provoked Union retaliation.
		Bear Hunter was killed by a red-hot bayonet that was thrust into his ear and through his head.
		The Bear River massacre was one of the largest, most brutal, and least known massacres of the Indians in the Civil War.
	www.mycivilwar.com /battles/630129.htm (424 words)

	The Herald Journal: Archives
		PRESTON --; Construction of the Bear River Bridge on U.S. Highway 91 commenced nearly a month ago, marking the beginning of the first phase in the restoration of the Bear River Massacre site.
		When the bridge is complete, IDOT will begin construction on the access road that will connect the main highway to the massacre's overlook.
		And since the board will avoid building on the actual massacre site, more land must be purchased and grants received to move forward with the project.
	hjnews.townnews.com /articles/2005/05/31/news/news02.txt (533 words)

	TheHistoryNet \| Wild West Reviews \| Wild West Book Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-09)
		In the first third of the book, she does a decent job of presenting the Bear River story based on the research of others.
		In the preface, she calls the event "the Bear River Massacre and Rape." Other writers have often referred to it as the "Battle of Bear River," and many past accounts do not emphasize or even mention the raping of native women.
		In the remaining two-thirds of the book, Fleisher puts herself into the story in an effort to find out why the Bear River Massacre and Rape has evaporated from U.S. political consciousness and to explain why it is important for people (especially the white ones) to reclaim accountability for what happened.
	historynet.com /we/reviews/westreview1204-2 (476 words)

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