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Topic: Beat (acoustics)

	Beat (acoustics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In acoustics, a beat is an interference between two sounds of slightly different frequencies, perceived as periodic variations in volume whose rate is the difference between the two frequencies.
		Beats occur also in more complex sounds, or in sounds of different volumes, though calculating them mathematically is not so easy.
		Beating can also be heard between notes that are near to, but not exactly, a harmonic interval, due to some harmonic of the first note beating with a harmonic of the second note.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Beat_(acoustics) (640 words)

	The Physics Classroom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The beat frequency is always equal to the difference in frequency of the two notes which interfere to produce the beats.
		A piano tuner frequently utilizes the phenomenon of beats to tune a piano string.
		When beats are no longer heard, the piano string is tuned to the tuning fork; that is, they play the same frequency.
	www.physicsclassroom.com /Class/sound/u11l3a.html (2415 words)

	Beat - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Beat (music), a pulse of sound that marks the metre, rhythm or riddim of a piece of music
		Beat (acoustics), the oscillation between zero intensity and full intensity that occurs when two frequencies (which are not harmonically related) are added together, caused by alternating constructive and destructive interference of the pressure waves
		Beat, the territory and time that a police officer patrols.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Beat (313 words)

	FanFiction.Net : Dictionary & Thesaurus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		A recurring stroke; a throb; a pulsation; as, a beat of the heart; the beat of the pulse.
		(Acoustics & Mus.) A sudden swelling or re["e]nforcement of a sound, recurring at regular intervals, and produced by the interference of sound waves of slightly different periods of vibrations; applied also, by analogy, to other kinds of wave motions; the pulsation or throbbing produced by the vibrating together of two tones not quite in unison.
		A round or course which is frequently gone over; as, a watchman's beat; analogously, for newspaper reporters, the subject or territory that they are assigned to cover; as, the Washington beat.
	www.fanfiction.net /dictionary.php?word=deadbeat (338 words)

	This instrument keeps the beat
		The "beats" are caused by the constructive interference, or combined amplitude, of two different waves as they pass the same point--in these examples, the listener's ear.
		The PDV detects the beat frequency from two slightly different frequencies of light by shining laser light at 1,550-nanometer wavelength (in the infrared spectrum) on the surface of a moving target.
		Goosman had once considered using the beat frequency as the basis for a velocimeter, but developing such an instrument for an explosive experiment was impractical until about a year ago.
	www.eurekalert.org /features/doe/2004-07/dlnl-tik071204.php (1502 words)

	The educational encyclopedia, acoustics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Beats when two harmonically-related sine waves (sinusoids) are added together, the two distinct tones tend to fuse together in our auditory system to produce a sensation of a single pitch.
		Beats When two sound waves of different frequency approach your ear, the alternating constructive and destructive interference causes the sound to be alternatively soft and loud - a phenomenon which is called "beating" or producing beats,...
		Beats rapid changes in loudness, known as beats, occur when two tones very close in frequency are heard at the same time.
	users.telenet.be /educypedia/electronics/acoustictopics.htm (709 words)

	Stan Hawkins: Feel the beat come down: house music as rhetoric
		The beat, in its most identifiable form, is the basic unit of temporal measurement, which, in its regularity, is associated with a certain release in energy; in effect, the force of the beat shapes the energy flow.
		While beats occur in all types of intervals and permutations, they are essentially felt on the four-in-the-bar accents -- usually on the kick drum -- with their predictability expressing a principal aesthetic of house.
		From my perspective, the metric organization of beats in house is situated in the articulation of recurrent patterns of motion as much as in the individual units of accentual stress, Indeed, the units denoting the beats determine their quality of movement through their schematic groupings into metrical measurements.
	www.tagg.org /others/Hawkins/HawkHouse.html (7384 words)

	Beat - Definition of Beat by Webster Dictionary
		To strike repeatedly; to lay repeated blows upon; as, to beat one's breast; to beat iron so as to shape it; to beat grain, in order to force out the seeds; to beat eggs and sugar; to beat a drum.
		(Acoustics & Mus.) A sudden swelling or reënforcement of a sound, recurring at regular intervals, and produced by the interference of sound waves of slightly different periods of vibrations; applied also, by analogy, to other kinds of wave motions; the pulsation or throbbing produced by the vibrating together of two tones not quite in unison.
		A clock is in beat or out of beat, according as the stroke is at equal or unequal intervals.
	www.webster-dictionary.net /definition/Beats (865 words)

	First Pan-American/Iberian Meeting on Acoustics - Unique Gel-coupled Acoustic Sensor Monitors Human Voice and Physiology
		A gel-coupled sensor has acoustic impedance properties similar to the skin that facilitate the transmission of body sounds into the sensor pad, yet significantly repel ambient airborne noises due to an impedance mismatch.
		Acoustic signal processing techniques can be developed to recognize physiological events such as cough, gag, wheeze, and vomit, which may be indicators of hazardous material effects, biological or chemical weapons, or other severe medical or environmental conditions.
		Acoustic sensors and signal processing can extract much information about the soldier’s firefighters health and performance, as well as how they are interacting with their environment.
	www.acoustics.org /press/144th/Scanlon.htm (1065 words)

	FanFiction.Net : Dictionary & Thesaurus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		To beat the wing, to flutter; to move with fluttering agitation.
		To beat time, to measure or regulate time in music by the motion of the hand or foot.
		To beat up, to attack suddenly; to alarm or disturb; as, to beat up an enemy's quarters.
	www.fanfiction.net /dictionary.php?word=beating (507 words)

	Experiments in Psycho-Acoustics, Introduction
		Beat Frequencies: Finally, there is the phenomenon of "beat frequencies" which is often explained as a psycho-acoustic mixing process.
		This theory is borne out by the observation that as the difference between the two signals increases, the beat of course gets faster and faster, ending up in with a sort of "warbling" quality.
		As a practical side-note, if you use the beating effect to tune instruments to each other, you will hear a more distinct beat if both instruments are close together directly in front of you (simulating a mono signal) than if they were positioned directly to the right and left of you (approximating a binaural signal).
	www.dogstar.dantimax.dk /acoustic/acoust-1.htm (2421 words)

	Soundproofing Noise Control Acoustical Vibration Control Specialists
		Acoustical Surfaces Inc. is a company with 25 years of experience with over 400 specialty soundproofing, noise control, vibration control, acoustical and architectural products.
		Decorative acoustical panel products are designed to provide a highest degree of aesthetics combined with the highest soundproofing and acoustical performance.
		Conceived and produced in our hometown have had a long association with Acoustical Surfaces Inc. Available in a wide array of standard designs or our own proprietary designs, Sonex melamine foam acoustical panels are fire safe in strict accordance with ASTM standards.
	www.acousticalsurfaces.com (564 words)

	AUDIO
		The beat with the highest score by the agent is considered the correct beat.
		An overall beat recognition accuracy of 76.42% was achieved for the current project and 71.13% was obtained using the test samples with the previous project.
		A significant part of producing the desired acoustics of a room is to reduce the effects of the natural acoustics of that room.
	www.upd.edu.ph /~dsp/project_audio.htm (2817 words)

	DXi Soft Synths - Ping DXi
		The First beat would sound at the start of every measure, the Subsequent beat would sound at each subsequent beat boundary (3 times per measure).
		sine waves at specified pitches) to either of the beats, or percussive sounds, which are small wave files representing the recorded sounds.
		Each beat can be assigned a duration (any allowed value, including dotted, and triplet notes), a length in fractions of a second (mainly used for melodic sounds), and a velocity (i.e.
	www.cakewalk.com /PRODUCTS/DXi/Ping.asp (204 words)

	Rane Professional Audio Reference (B)
		A device used in underwater acoustics to measure water temperature at different depths for the purpose of determining the velocity of speed in seawater.
		beat matching or beat mixing Used by disc jockeys to match beats to produce a seamless segue, or transition, between songs, or by turntablists between segments of different songs being mixed together.
		A binaural recording is made using two microphones placed in the ear canals of an anatomically accurate dummy head, such that all the normal spatial attributes of the human head are present (just as in real listening situations) when the recording is made.
	www.rane.com /par-b.html (5615 words)

	Acoustics Chapter One: What is phase? \| page 3
		In real-world acoustic environments, constructive and destructive interference occurs constantly due to room acoustics and other factors.
		In fact, interference between the sound source and reflected waves are key to producing standing waves.
		The rate or pulsation or beat frequency is the difference in frequencies.
	www.indiana.edu /~emusic/etext/acoustics/chapter1_phase3.shtml (239 words)

	Untitled Document
		I'm not talking about the type of beat played by a percussion instrument, I'm referring to the phenomenon that occurs when two notes that are only slightly different from one another are played together.
		The larger the discrepancy between the two notes, the faster the "beat." Conversely, as an out of tune note is brought closer to the reference pitch, the "beat" slows and finally disappears.
		Once you are confident that you are hearing the "beat", adjust the tuning until the "beat" disappears.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Arts/music/Musictheory/ClassicalGuitar/Tuning.htm (3267 words)

	The Scientific Research Behind Acoustic Brainwave Entrainment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Oster's paper, entitled "Auditory Beats in the Brain", described how pulsation's called binaural beats occurred in the brain when tones of different frequencies were presented separately to each ear.
		Acoustic Brainwave Entrainment uses sound technology to entrain brain wave patterns, giving us the ability to influence and/or create tranquility, pain control, creativity, euphoria, excitement, focused attention, relief from stress, enhanced learning ability, enhanced problem solving ability, increased memory, accelerated healing, behavior modification, and improvements in mental and emotional health.
		This state of awareness is available for relatively brief periods as the individual enters a state of reverie or passes in and out of the deep sleep phase of the 90 minute sleep cycle.
	www.neuroacoustic.com /registry/articles/articleresearch.htm (5620 words)

	Chapter Bearbind <i>to</i> Beater of B by Webster's Dictionary (1913 Edition) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		To give the signal for, by beat of drum; to sound by beat of drum; as, to beat an alarm, a charge, a parley, a retreat; to beat the general, the reveille, the tattoo.
		To make a succession of strokes on a drum; as, the drummers beat to call soldiers to their quarters.
		To sound with more or less rapid alternations of greater and less intensity, so as to produce a pulsating effect; — said of instruments, tones, or vibrations, not perfectly in unison.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/257/1193/22047/5.html (360 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		A detailed report of all the materials applied on various surfaces with their associated areas and absorption coefficients along with the resulting acoustic characteristics of the room are provided at the end of the analysis.
		Their capabilities include acoustic radiation prediction over a wide frequency range and the modeling of energy flows between multiple vibro-acoustic sources and receivers.
		The Neo Acoustics finely tuned direct/iterative solvers enable overnight computing on a PC for simulations well into the medium frequency ranges, for structures as large as truck engines.
	www.ecgcorp.com /avsite/avdocs/software.html (2267 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, Inc., Norfolk, VA (USA), 6-10 May 1984 Published in summary form only ISSN 0001-4966; CODEN JASMA CY UNITED STATES DT Journal; Conference TC Theoretical LA English AB The presently used tuning theory uses the beat rates calculated from the ideal harmonics of notes in the temperament octave.
		Six models, differing in three pairs of assumptions, were developed for describing the effects of the inharmonicity on the tuning of the piano and on the beat frequencies used when tuning.
		One of the surprising outcomes was that the fact that higher harmonics of lower strings beat with lower harmonics of higher strings (which have, as a rule, higher inharmonicity) cancels out a part of the effects of inharmonicity on beat frequency.
	www.math.niu.edu /~rusin/papers/uses-math/music/tuning.biblio (869 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		While in very large part I agree with Roger that acoustics and mathematics are a long way from a full explanation of art, perceptual psychology has moved on a little way since Helmholtz.
		The theory is that dissonance is caused by the beats between the (sine wave) components of the tones.
		The measure is a weighted sum, the weights being beat frequency dependent (ie very high and very low beat frequencies are not obnoxious).
	www.math.niu.edu /~rusin/papers/uses-math/music/sounds (487 words)

	George Tzanetakis Past still Active Projects Page
		Probably the most important aspect of rhythm is the beat which can be loosely defined as the rate of human foot tapping while listening to a piece of music and in many cases corresponds to the most dominant periodicity at the right frequency range corresponding to rhythm perception.
		Most of existing algorithms proposed in the literature deal with the problem of beat tracking where a running estimate of the main beat is computed.
		A method for the calculation of Beat Histograms based on the DWT as well as a set features derived from Beat Histograms for describing rhythmic content have been been proposed.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /~gtzan/work/projects/pastc.html (1476 words)

	Mana Acoustics - Reviews 4
		Mana Acoustics has been receiving especially praise of late - Sony folk were so impressed with the company's stands that they used them to demonstrate differences between conventional CD and their new "super CD" digital encoding system (see Happenings last month) at the recent AES (Audio Engineering Society) meet in Los Angeles.
		Moreover, Mana platforms are as effective with cheap equipment as they are with expensive gear; they have the scary ability to make systems sound four or five times as expensive, whatever their cost.
		Mana Acoustics' stands are so much better than all the opposition, that others can only be considered furniture.
	www.mana.co.uk /reviews4.htm (8012 words)

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