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Topic: Bechuanaland Protectorate

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	BECHUANALAND : British Bechuanaland : Bechuanaland Protectorate : Postal History
		Like most bisect covers of Bechuanaland, this was probably philatelically inspired, though appears to be the first, and only recorded example of a cover bearing this stamp bisected.
		Although British Bechuanaland was annexed to the Cape in 1895, the datestamps of some postal agencies, including Keimoes, were not immediately altered and continued to show the previous territorial name for some time.
		The datestamps for Kanye, Molepolole, Shoshong, Tati and Gubulawayo with 'Bechuanaland' at base are recorded used together on one piece proving the datestamps had not been allocated to their respective agencies at this date.
	www.rhodesia.co.za /be_post.html (4357 words)

	Bechuanaland - LoveToKnow 1911
		The greater part of Bechuanaland is covered with superficial deposits consisting of the sands of the desert regions of the Kalahari and the alluvium and saliferous marls of the Okavango basin.
		This attempt of the Boers to gain possession of Bechuanaland having failed, T. Burgers, the president of the Transvaal in 187 2, endeavoured to replace Montsioa as chief of the Barolong by Moshette, whom he declared to be the rightful ruler and paramount chief of that people.
		Bechuanaland was formally taken under British protection (30th of September 1885), and the sphere of British influence was declared to extend N. to 22° S. and W. to 20° E. (which lastmentioned line marks the eastern limit of German South-West Africa).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Bechuanaland (4246 words)

	Protectorate - LoveToKnow 1911
		Protectorate may mean no more than what it says: " One state agrees to protect or guarantee the safety of another." The term is also employed to describe any relation of a political superior to an inferior state.
		The creation of a protectorate is convenient for the superior and the inferior; it relieves the former from the full responsibilities incident to annexation; it spares to some extent the feelings of the latter.
		Protectorates also exist in the Western Pacific group of islands (including the Friendly Islands, the Ellice and Gilbert group, and the British Solomon Islands).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Protectorate (3209 words)

	Bechuanaland Protectorate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Bechuanaland Protectorate (BP) was a protectorate established on March 31, 1885 by Britain in southern Africa.
		The protectorate became the Republic of Botswana on 30 September 1966.
		Three stamps in 1960 commemorated the 75th anniversary of the protectorate, then in 1961 Bechuanaland converted to the South African rand, necessitating surcharges on the existing definitives in February, followed by a new definitive series in October that was mostly pictures of birds, with some showing people at work.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bechuanaland_Protectorate (800 words)

	British Empire: The Map Room: Africa: Bechuanaland
		Bechuanaland was visited by Europeans towards the close of the 18th century.
		Bechuanaland was formally taken under British protection (3oth of September 1885), and the sphere of British influence was declared to extend N. to 22 S. and W. to 20 E. (which last mentioned line marked the eastern limit of German South-West Africa).
		In 1891 the northern frontier of the protectorate was extended and the whole of it placed under the administration of a resident commissioner, a protest being made at the time by the British South Africa Company on the ground that the protectorate was included in the sphere of their charter.
	www.britishempire.co.uk /maproom/bechuanaland.htm (2221 words)

	British Rule - Culture and History - Tourism of Botswana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Whilst they agreed to their land becoming a protectorate, they also made it clear that they did not want the British to interfere with their laws and government, nor did they want any of their land to be sold.
		Bechuanaland faced other threats, particularly after the Union of South Africa was formed in 1910 and the intention was made known to incorporate Bechuanaland, Swaziland, Basutoland (today's Lesotho), and Rhodesia.
		Botswana remained a protectorate for the next 80 years, during which time a number of autonomous but related Tswana states were forged into one country.
	www.botswana-tourism.gov.bw /culture_and_his/british.html (681 words)

	Khama III
		Khama III (1837?-1923), also known as Khama the Good, was the kgosi (king) of the BamaNgwato people of Bechuanaland (now Botswana), who made his country a protectorate of the United Kingdom to ensure its survival against Boer and Ndebele[?] encroachments.
		One faction, supported by a local missionary named John Mackenzie, advocated the establishment of a protectorate, while another faction, headed by Cecil Rhodes, adopted an imperialist stance and demanded that the country be opened up to white settlement and economic exploitation.
		The resolution came in 1885, when Khama's kingdom was partitioned: the territory south of the Molopo River[?] became the colony of British Bechuanaland, while the territory north of the river became the Bechuanaland Protectorate.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/kh/Khama_III.html (311 words)

	Capetown Conference on Land Tenure Issues: 07. Bishop, Krystina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The British Government would not be disposed to establish a Protectorate over the territory in question, as such a step would involve the perpetual risk of having to protect the native tribes in it from European adventurers by the employment of an Imperial force.
		Rhodes argued that once Bechuanaland was declared to be, "a territory under Her Majesty’s protection", "filibusters and foreigners" would no longer be a threat to British imperial expansion in Africa.
		This proclamation represented the assumption of sovereign authority in the Protectorate and was accompanied by a description of the territory to which it applied (boundaries).
	www.mekonginfo.org /mrc/html/capetown/cape07.htm (10449 words)

	Botswana flag history
		The Bechuanaland Protectorate was administered through the office of the High Commissioner in South Africa which was created by letters patent in 1878.
		Northern Bechuanaland was treated as though it was part of British Bechuanaland until 1895 when it was made a separate territory and administered by a Resident Commissioner under the High Commissioner for South Africa.
		The eland chosen for Bechuanaland isn't entirely inappropriate, although it is better known in South Africa and in fact appears as the supporters (left and right) in the arms of the Eastern Cape.
	www.nationalflaggen.de /flags-of-the-world/flags/bw_hist.html (614 words)

	GlobaLex - Botswana’s Legal System and Legal Research
		Botswana, formerly the British Protectorate of Bechuanaland, was declared a British Protectorate in March 1885.
		In 1891 the High Commissioner for South Africa was given right to administer the protectorate. The Protectorate was actually administered from Mafeking (now Mafikeng), the former capital of Botswana, by the Resident Commissioner, who has the functions of the Governor but with less authority.
		It was until a Bechuanaland Protectorate, Basotoland and Swaziland Proclamation 32 of 1955 that a court of appeal was established for the three High Commission Territories.
	nyulawglobal.org /globalex/Botswana.htm (3699 words)

	The Williams Regime in the Bechuanaland Protectorate
		This entry from Simon Ratshosa's 'My Book on Bechuanaland Protectorate' (c.1931) sums up the Bangwato view not just of Ralph Williams' character, but of the way in which he put the Bechuanaland Protectorate on a regular administrative basis-and how he established a mutual confidence with Khama, which subsequent administrators were not to match up to.
		The protectorate was faced with the anomaly that most of its junior administrative officers were not wholly subject to the authority of the Resident Commissioner-because they were officers of the police, which since 1895/6 had been part of the British South Africa Police.
		In 1902 and 1903 the Bechuanaland Protectorate Police (B.P.P.) was formed from the amalgamation of the Bechuana;and section of the B.S.A.P. with the ('Basuto') Native Police, reducing the number of white N.C.O.'s.
	ubh.tripod.com /bw/colad/colad3.htm (1928 words)

	The Inner Temple
		In a year that has witnessed the death of Lady Khama, as Ruth Williams was to become, it is appropriate to re-tell the story of her romance with the late Seretse Khama, a member of the Inner Temple, and the 'difficult problem' to which it gave rise.
		When Seretse did return from London to the Protectorate in June 1949 and made it clear that he would leave permanently if his wife were not allowed to join him, a third kgotla meeting agreed to accept him as their Chief on any terms and, on 20th August, Ruth Khama arrived at Serowe.
		Accordingly an enquiry was arranged in Bechuanaland to examine the suitability of Seretse Khama for the Chieftainship of the Bamangwato Tribe.
	www.innertemple.org.uk /archive/khama.html (1871 words)

	The Times History of the War in South Africa. Editor: L. S. Amery.
		Sir Charles proclaimed the whole of Bechuanaland to be a British protectorate, dug wells and built forts at Mafeking, and laid out the present European town as the seat of the Resident Commissioner.
		To the Protectorate Regiment was apportioned the duty of defending the western and south-western line of defences, Captain Marsh's squadron being placed in the native village to support the natives in case of necessity, and a squadron held in reserve at the old B.S.A. Police Fort, which was Colonel Hore's own headquarters.
		On this, the first occasion when the Protectorate Regiment were under fire, they gave ample proof of their good material and of their careful training and steadiness in a difficult position.
	www.pinetreeweb.com /times-history-04-17.htm (8699 words)

	Colonial Intelligence in the Bechuanaland Protectorate
		As in other British colonies, district administration in the Bechuanaland Protectorate originated with a cadre of military police officers in their capacity as resident magistrates.
		The imperial chain of command between Britain and Bechuanaland was revised in 1929-31, when South Africa became autonmous with its own governor-general separate from the high commissionership.
		The Bechuanaland Protectectorate in the 1950s and early 60s offers something like a complete picture of state intelligence operations, thanks largely to the chance survival of many samples of two record series otherwise destined for destruction.
	ubh.tripod.com /bw/colad4.htm (2757 words)

	King Khama, Emperor Joe, and the Great White Queen: Victorian Britain through African Eyes by Neil Parsons, an excerpt
		The result was the declaration of a British protectorate over Bechuanaland and the Kalahari in January 1885, which in September 1885 was divided into a Crown Colony called "British Bechuanaland" south of the Molopo, and a British protectorate called "the Bechuanaland Protectorate" north of the Molopo.
		The BSA Company's need to incorporate the Bechuanaland Protectorate into Rhodesia became ever more pressing because of the impending extension of the Bechuanaland Railway across the Molopo from Mafeking—which would ultimately be financed by selling off the land along the line for white farmlands and townships.
		Rhodes's reason for taking the Bechuanaland Protectorate became all the more urgent now that Rhodes and his co-conspirators had decided to use the protectorate as their springboard for a sudden attack on and coup d'état in the neighboring Boer republic of the Transvaal.
	www.press.uchicago.edu /Misc/Chicago/647455.html (3991 words)

	Snapshot, Africa: Benin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name after becoming independent on September 30, 1966.
		The northern territory remained under direct administration and is today's Botswana, while the southern territory became part of the Cape Colony and is now part of the northwest province of South Africa; the majority of Setswana-speaking people today live in South Africa.
		Despite South African pressure, inhabitants of the Bechuanaland Protectorate, Basutoland (now Lesotho), and Swaziland in 1909 asked for and received British assurances that they would not be included in the proposed Union of South Africa.
	www.sheppardsoftware.com /Africaweb/snapshot/Snapshot-Africa4.htm (429 words)

	My Country Botswana
		In the late 1800s, Britain formed the protectorate of Bechuanaland, preventing territorial encroachment of Boers from the Transvaal or German expansion from South West Africa.
		Britain was ready to hand over the protectorate to Rhodes when the Batswana chiefs Khama, Bathoen and Sebele went to England to plead their case.
		The protectorate was granted internal self government in 1965 and the republic of Botswana became completely independent on 30 September 1966, under the new president, Sir Seretse Khama.
	uregina.ca /~mfanyanl/Country.html (810 words)

	Judgment 13 December 1999: Separate opinion of Judge Shigeru Oda (Botswana/Namibia) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Court is faced with a "case" between Botswana (which gained independence from the former British Protectorate Bechuanaland in 1966) and Namibia (which had been under the administration of the United Nations Council for Namibia until 1990) concerning the geography of Kasikili/Sedudu Island in the Chobe River and the surrounding area.
		In the period 1915-1929 Caprivi was administered by the Bechuanaland administration on behalf of the Government of the Union of South Africa.
		The Resident Commissioner of the Bechuanaland Protectorate considers that the Union proposal to set the boundary in the southern channel need not be resisted, if the use of the northern channel for navigation is guaranteed for the inhabitants and Government of the Bechuanaland Protectorate.
	www.icj-cij.org /icjwww/idocket/ibona/ibonaJudgments/ibona_ijudgment_opinions_19991213/ibona_ijudgment_19991213_Separateopinion_Oda.htm (8859 words)

	Cecil Rhodes
		His settlement of the Bechuanaland question was also soon threatened, for the deputy commissioner in the new area antagonised the Boers.
		It was decided that southern Bechuanaland should become a crown colony and northern Bechuanaland a protectorate.
		Although eventually the protectorate reverted fully to the British government, Rhodes's influence was felt both north and south of the Zambezi River, and soon the new territories were called by his name.
	www.fortunecity.com /victorian/dadd/1258/wbios/Rhodes.html (2809 words)

	Botswana Meter Marks History
		Prior to Independence in 1966, Botswana was known as the Bechuanaland Protectorate.While other countries in the region, such as South Africa and the Rhodesias were issuing meter licences as early as the 1920's, Botswana remained largely undeveloped until the 1970's, thus influencing the lack of demand for franking licences.
		An article by John Inglefield-Watson (1991) states that "It has been reported that in May 1963 the Postmaster of the Protectorate wrote in reply to a query, that were no machines were then in use, but applications for their introduction (makes unknown) were in hand."
		The first meter franking of which I am aware is meter licence no. UA1 issued to Standard Bank of Botswana in Gaborone and dated 13 November 1970 (see Figure 1).
	www.postalhistory.ca /history.html (839 words)

	Goshen (South Africa) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This explains why in 1885, 5000 British troops were sent in and declared Goshen (and Stellaland) part of the Crown Colony of British Bechuanaland, which was later incorporated into the Cape Colony in 1895.
		Goshen was centred around Mafikeng (near the border with Bechuanaland), which Sir Charles Warren (commander of the Bechuanaland Expeditionary Force) laid out as the town of Mafeking, which served as capital for both British Bechuanaland and the Bechuanaland Protectorate.
		It remained the capital of the Protectorate until shortly before Botswana's independence, when the administration was transferred first to Francistown, and then to the new town of Gaborone.
	flagspot.net /flags/za_go.html (332 words)

	Comparative Criminology \| Africa - Botswana
		As more and more proclamations were made curtailing the powers of chiefs, they in turn became very outspoken in asserting their birthright to rule their tribes and manage their affairs.
		The British government rejected demands for self-government claiming that the Protectorate was not yet ready for independence.
		Though the country was declared a protectorate in 1885, it was not until 1891 that it received the Roman Dutch legal system.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /faculty/rwinslow/africa/botswana.html (4349 words)

	High Commissioner for Basutoland, the Bechuanaland Protectorate and Swaziland
		High Commissioner for Basutoland, the Bechuanaland Protectorate and Swaziland badge
		No mention is made of distinctive badges or ensigns for Swaziland or the Bechuanaland Protectorate.
		Basutoland on the other hand, did have a colonial badge adopted in 1951 and used on the flag of the Resident Commissioner.
	www.fotw.net /flags/bw_hc.html (196 words)

	Chapter XIX
		When Bechuanaland was invaded by the Republican forces at the outbreak of the Boer War, the British Police Force in the Bechuanaland Protectorate, finding themselves hopelessly isolated in that far-away region, decided to evacuate Gaberones and effect a junction with Colonel Plumer's force which was then coming south from Rhodesia.
		All of a sudden they were surprised and disconcerted by a fusillade of musketry, and the situation grew in gravity from the fact that whichever way the members of the convoy scampered, they appeared to be running from the frying-pan into the fire.
		All that had happened was that two Dutch policemen had unlawfully crossed into Bechuanaland with firearms; that the Natives had disarmed them and taken them to their chief, who in turn handed them over to the British authorities at Gaberones, where they were tried and sentenced.
	www.anc.org.za /books/nlife19.htm (4817 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Without the resources to take on another large colonial project, the British simply left Bechuanaland alone and hoped for no military conflicts. Since the British were not actively involved in Bechuanaland, historians maintain that the British took a “benign neglect” approach to Bechuanaland (Dale 1995).
		After World War II, the British attempted to combine the Bechuanaland Protectorate with their South African colony, but Bechuanaland was able to thwart this annexation attempt.
		Since most people in Bechuanaland supported Khama, this political issue divided South Africa and Bechuanaland. With political parties and nationalism on the rise in Bechuanaland, Great Britain was losing control of the Protectorate.
	it.stlawu.edu /sdae/beaulier.doc (6666 words)

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