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Topic: Bed load

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	Bed Load (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Bed loads are difficult to observe and measure though, so we have few data on the subject.
		Measurements on the Niobrara River near Cody, Nebraska, however, have shown that at discharges between 6 and 30 cubic metres per second, the bed load averaged about 50% of the total load.
		One variable affecting discharge rate is of course velocity, and as velocity increases, so does the stream’s capacity to erode and move the larger particle that make up the bed load.
	www.soest.hawaii.edu /GG/ASK/bedload.html (99 words)

	Extendable vehicle bed sliding tray - Patent 5934725
		The sliding bed of claim 17, wherein the rollers and the wheels comprise load bearing members that support the sliding bed to maximize the load bearing capability of the sliding bed regardless of the position of the tray in relation to the pair of channel brackets.
		The sliding bed of claim 17, further comprising a storage device that is selectively locked into a stationary position on the sliding bed, the storage device including a plurality of rollers that facilitate movement of the storage device on the sliding bed when the storage device is selectively unlocked from the stationary position.
		The vehicle bed sliding tray of the present invention is also designed with an integral storage device that is capable of being positioned in one of many locations on the bed liner itself and secured at that position to hold the payload and to minimize shifting of the payload.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5934725.html (3960 words)

	Load
		This load is invisible because the ions are dissolved in the water.
		Even though the velocity of the stream increases downstream, the bed load particle size decreases mainly because the larger particles are left in the bed load at higher elevations and abrasion of particles tends to reduce their size.
		The composition of the particles in the bed load tends to change along the stream as different bedrock is eroded and added to the stream's load.
	earthsci.org /Flooding/unit3/u3-01-02.html (487 words)

	Acoustic bed velocity and bed load dynamics in a large sand bed river
		Bed velocity represents a weighted average of backscatter from moving bed load particles and spectral reflections from the immobile bed.
		The ratio of bed velocity to mean bed load particle velocity depends on the concentration of the particles moving in the bed load layer, the bed load layer thickness, and the backscatter strength from a unit area of moving particles relative to the echo strength from a unit area of unobstructed bed.
		Bed velocities become more variable and increase more rapidly with shear stress when the transport stage, defined as the ratio of skin friction to the critical shear stress for particle entrainment, exceeds a threshold of about 17.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2006/2005JF000411.shtml (401 words)

	Bed or Traction Load: World of Earth Science
		Bed load, sometimes referred to as traction load, is the material that is transported by sliding, rolling, and saltating (skipping) along the bed of a stream.
		The critical shear stress depends on a combination of the particle diameter, the slope of the stream channel, the difference between the density of individual particles and that of water (particle buoyancy), and the degree to which the particles are packed together.
		Large or heavy particles that have high critical shear stress values may move as bed load when the water is unusually deep during infrequent floods and remain stationary between those times.
	science.enotes.com /earth-science/bed-traction-load (419 words)

	Bed load - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bed load is a term to describe the larger particles (relative to the suspended load) that are carried along the bottom of a stream.
		Generally, bed load downstream will be smaller and more rounded than bed load upstream.
		This is due to abrasion and attrition which cause the stones to bump against each other and with the river channel, thus removing its rough texture and making it smaller.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bed_load (137 words)

	Bed Load or Suspended Load (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The difference between the sediment transport processes of bed load and suspended load is explained and quantified.
		The mean and fluctuating components of the particle motion are studied by examining both components of the particle’s dynamics in open channel flows.
		For sand particles, the time required for particles leaving the bed to attain the free fall velocity is shown to be the critical parameter for the saltation-suspension distinction.
	www.pubs.asce.org /WWWdisplay.cgi?8500100 (78 words)

	Untitled Document
		Anything that alters the sediment load delivered to the channel, or that alters the stream's capacity to carry that load, will cause the stream to adjust its gradient or channel geometry (by erosion or deposition) to achieve a new equilibrium, a new balance between load and capacity.
		Where bed load is much greater than suspended load, the channel form is often braided, with lots of small channels running down the coarse stream bed.
		Where suspended load is much greater than bed load, the channel form is often meandering, with a single channel that wraps sinuously across a floodplain.
	www.ggy.uga.edu /courses/geog1111/stream.html (1485 words)

	Combination roof or bed height load support - Patent 5950890
		It is a further object of this invention to provide a load support for roof level and bed level of both sport utility vehicles and pickup trucks and for said device to be adjustable to accommodate all models of both types of vehicles.
		This load support apparatus consists of an "L"-shaped device that inserts into the receiver hitch of the vehicle and into the vertical tube projecting downward of the "T" bar which supports the load.
		V--Illustrates the use of this adjustable load support with the long leg (4) of the "L" section (1) inserted in the hitch (2) and the short leg (3) of "L" (1) rising vertically to accept "T" bar (6) to support a load at the bed height of the pickup truck.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5950890.html (1550 words)

	WARSSS Introduction ¦ EPA
		Suspended sediment is that portion of the total sediment load of rivers that is carried in the water column.
		Most of the suspended sediment transport and wash load relations are derived from measured sediment rating curves and flow-duration curves.
		Bedload and bed-material suspended load transport are often termed "total-load equations" where a portion of the bed material is composed of sand that is transported as both bedload and suspended load.
	www.epa.gov /warsss/sedsource/suspend.htm (319 words)

	Particle size variations between bed load and bed material in natural gravel bed channels
		Description: Abstract - Particle sizes of bed load and bed material that represent materials transported and stored over a period of years are used to investigate selective transport in 13 previously sampled, natural gravel bed channels.
		The ratio (D) of median particle size of bed* material to the transport- and frequency-weighted mean of median bed load size decreases to unity with increasing drainage area, bank-full discharge, dimensionless stream power, and bed material sorting.
		In channels with high values of D, significant volumes of fine bed* load are transported during discharges that are less than bank-full, which is commonly associated with general entrainment of the coarse pavement in many gravel bed channels.
	www.treesearch.fs.fed.us /pubs/7840 (266 words)

	Maintenance of an obstruction-forced pool in a gravel-bed channel: streamflow, channel morphology, and sediment ...
		Description: Maintenance of pool morphology in a stream channel with a mobile bed requires hydraulic conditions at moderate to high flows that route bed load through the pool as it is delivered from upstream.
		Through field measurements of discharge, vertical velocity profiles, bed load transport, and streambed scour, fill, and grain-size distribution, we found that maintenance of a pool associated with a large, in-channel obstruction was more adequately explained by analogy to scour processes at bridge abutments than by the concept of velocity reversal.
		There was no tendency for near-bed velocity or shear stress (averaged over the cross-sectional width of active bed load transport) at the pool centre to exceed that at the upstream riffle tail (pool head) or downstream riffle head (pool tail) as discharge increased up to at least 1.3 times bankful.
	www.treesearch.fs.fed.us /pubs/24629 (554 words)

	Streams
		Bed load is also being carried--previous bed load deposits are apparent in the rounded boulders on the floodplain.
		In the foreground is water with a high suspended load (note the silt and sand deposit at the water’s edge).
		This gravel deposit covers the stream bed of a small tributary to the Grant River (drainage area approximately 1 square mile).
	www.ship.edu /~cjwolt/geology/slides/str-sum.htm (657 words)

	Exercises to support the title The Hydraulics of Open Channel Flow by Hubert Chanson published by Arnold
		Considering a stream with a flow depth of 2 m and a bed slope sinq = 0.0003, the median grain size of the channel bed is 2.5 mm.
		Considering a stream with a flow depth of 0.95 m and a bed slope sinq = 0.0019: (a) indicate whether a 15 mm gravel bed will be subjected to bed load motion; (b) find out the critical particle size for bed load motion in the stream.
		The channel is 42 m wide and the longitudinal bed slope is 15 m per km.
	www.apnet.com /companions/0340740671/exercises/exercisesP2-8.htm (372 words)

	The National Center for Computational Hydroscience and Engineering (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Three different non-equilibrium transport approaches are proposed to handle the cases where the sediment transport occurs mainly as bed load, mainly as suspended load, or total load.
		The equations for this module include transport equations for bed load and suspended load, the bed change equation, and the bed sorting equation.
		Two different approaches are incorporated in the model to compute the roughness of the moveable bed due to changes in sediment size and bed forms.
	www.ncche.olemiss.edu /index.php?page=cche2d (986 words)

	Role of near-bed turbulence structure in bed load transport and bed form mechanics
		The interactions between turbulence events and sediment motions during bed load transport were studied by means of laser-Doppler velocimetry and high-speed cinematography.
		Outward interactions (μ′>0, w′>0), which contribute negatively to the bed shear stress and are relatively rare, individually move as much sediment as sweeps of comparable magnitude and duration, however, and much more than bursts (μ′<0, w′>0) and inward interactions (μ′<0, w′<0).
		These variations produce significant peaks in bed load transport downstream of separation points, thus supporting the hypothesis that flow separation plays a significant role in the development of bed forms.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/1995/95WR00976.shtml (280 words)

	[No title]
		The Tuffy load deck is ideal for conveniently retrieving items stored toward the front of the truckbed without having to get inside the bed or reach over the bed sides.
		When the load deck is extended it can also be used as a work bench.
		The load deck can be easily removed from the slides to clean out the bed or allow access to a gooseneck hitch.
	www.4by4connection.com /tufulode1.html (345 words)

	Equal-mobility bed load transport in a small, step-pool channel in the Ouachita Mountains
		Abstract: Equal-mobility transport (EMT) of bed load is more evident than size-selective transport during near-bankfull flow events in a small, step-pool channel in the Ouachita Mountains of central Arkansas.
		Bed load transport modes were studied by simulating five separate runoff events with peak discharges between 0.25 and 1.34 m
		EMT occurrence was investigated using four different bed load relationships suggested by previous research.
	www.srs.fs.usda.gov /pubs/viewpub.jsp?index=6041 (421 words)

	Streams and Drainage Systems
		Load - The rock particles and dissolved ions carried by the stream are the called the stream's load.
		Bed Load - coarser and denser particles that remain on the bed of the stream most of the time but move by a process of saltation (jumping) as a result of collisions between particles, and turbulent eddies.
		The size of particles that make up the bed load of the stream tends to decrease.
	www.tulane.edu /~sanelson/geol111/streams.htm (2441 words)

	Riparian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		If the streams don’t transport the eroded material (bed load) properly, then material backs up, energy load of sediment and rocks (bed load) builds up and erodes banks by scouring the bank sides and undercutting trees.
		Gravel bed load - the natural load of gravel and sediment moving downstream such that equilibrium (steady-state) is reached between arrival of new gravel and sediment from upstream and displacement of existing gravel and sediment in the stream bed and gravel bars to points further downstream.
		Amount of flow having enough force to move the bed load to keep it as a stream.
	www.uark.edu /depts/agronomy/west/3103/streammorphol.htm (726 words)

	UCSC Genome Browser: bed.h Source File
		/ 00128 00129 struct bed* bedLoadNAllChrom(char fileName, int numFields, char* chrom); 00130 /< Load bed** entries from a tab-separated file that have the given chrom.
		/ 00136 00137 struct bed* bedLoadAll(char fileName); 00138 /< Determines how many fields are in a bedFile and load all beds** from 00139 * a tab-separated file.
		/ 00152 00153 struct bed* bedFromPsl(struct psl psl); 00154 /< Convert a single psl to a bed** structure / 00155 00156 struct genePred bedToGenePred(struct bed bed); 00157 /< Convert a single bed* to a genePred structure.
	www.soe.ucsc.edu /~sugnet/kentDoc/bed_8h-source.html (1262 words)

	Load handler pickup truck bed unloader for unloading pickups and truck boxes 2000 and 3000
		The Loadhandler truck bed unloader consists of a heavy gauge poly fabric rolled onto a steel bar that runs the length of the tailgate.
		Heavy Gauge: The Load handler consists of a heavy gauge poly fabric rolled onto a steel bar that runs the length of the tailgate.
		Bed length and type of cab are not important in determining which Loadhandler model to purchase.
	www.realtruck.com /productline/49/145/1/load_handler_pickup_truck_bed_unloader.html (1162 words)

	Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		There are generally three modes of transport by which sediment is moved in a stream.
		The sediment is either dissolved in the stream (dissolved load), suspended in the water (suspended load), or rolling, sliding, and saltating along the stream bed (bed load).
		Additionally, streams contain sediment in the form of bed material, which may also be sampled.
	www.okstate.edu /geology/marston/Nick5/Home.htm (97 words)

	load
		The attorney kept loading his questions in the hope of getting the reply he wanted.
		They loaded the bases with two out in the eighth inning.
		Lack of sufficient education loaded the dice against him as a candidate for the job.
	www.infoplease.com /dictionary/load (579 words)

	Load Handler Truck Box Winch - Load handling, bed slides, crane winch systems for pick up trucks
		The SPITZLIFT is a portable, lightweight (27-33 lbs), totally self-contained load handler constructed of aluminium which is ideal to lift up to 500 pounds and is engineered to lift up to 700 pounds.
		Although it is a very powerful load handler, it also folds down to a compact size that fits behind the seat of a truck or into a truck tool box.
		The Load Handler ToolTop™ diamond plate crossover toolbox is specially designed to integrate with all of Pace Edwards' retractable hard tonneau covers.
	www.loadhandler.us (287 words)

	Photo Album
		Various types of bed load sediment samplers exist; they all have varying degrees of efficiency, since the devices themselves alter flow characteristics in different ways depending on bed conditions and flow intensity.
		Furthermore, some bed material may be inadvertently collected.
		As with suspended load samplers, sampling should be done at regular intervals all the way across the stream.
	www.okstate.edu /geology/marston/Nick5/BedLoad.htm (149 words)

	Unload a pickup.com - Loadhandler, the easy way to unload your pickup
		Gardeners, Landscapers, Farmers, Campers, Do-it-yourselfers, anyone who hauls, moves, loads, unloads and dumps material in their truck: Spare yourself the back-breaking manual work of moving and unloading sand, stone, hay, gravel, dirt, plants, firewood, mulch or whatever your payload.
		This load handler unloads your cargo and helps you empty your pick up bed in 30 seconds or less with commercial conveyor belt style.
		This reversible Doubl-Mat bed liner is a rough, non-slip bed mat on one side, smooth and slippery on the opposite to aid the loadhauler with trucks with a damaged bed or a sprayed in liner
	www.unloadapickup.com (259 words)

	Bed-Load Effects on Hydrodynamics of Rough-Bed Open-Channel Flows (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to determine the turbulence characteristics over the fixed bed during clear water and sediment feed cases.
		The coarse grains tended to augment bed roughness, but fine grains saturated the troughs and interstices in the bed topography, effectively causing the influence of bed irregularities to be smoothed.
		In particular, the form-induced stress, which arises from spatially averaging the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations and is analogous to the Reynolds turbulent stress, contributed between 15 and 35% of the total measured shear stress in the roughness layer.
	www.pubs.asce.org /WWWdisplay.cgi?0523646 (368 words)

	Loading zone original cargo gate truck bed load divider organization cargo bar
		How is the Loading Zone™ Original Cargo Gate different from load bars? The Loading Zone Original Cargo Gate is versatile in that it divides from the bottom cargo area to the top of the rails with no assembly or mounting hardware required.
		The rubber feet are adjustable so that they can be moved to fit between the ribs of the liner or between the ribs of the truck bed itself.
		The Loading Zone Orginal Cargo Gate Load Divider is available in 5 models to fit virtually all pickups, suv's and minivans. Here are the dimensions and adjustments of each gate. Note: When ordering, you will order by vehicle application.
	www.realtruck.com /productline/50/1082/1/loading_zone_adjustable_cargo_gate_load_divider.html (1489 words)

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