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Topic: Bedstraw

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	Bedstraw, Herb Monograph - Flora Health Herb Encyclopedia
		As a soothing relaxant and diuretic, bedstraw is indicated by the German Commission E for treating kidney and gall bladder gravel and urinary tract infection accompanied by fever, water retention and burning or painful urination.
		Bedstraw is also a folk remedy for acute breathing disorders, bronchitis, skin irritation and inflammation, but its effectiveness in these areas is unproven.
		Bedstraw has been shown in studies to have a hypotensive effect (lowers vascular pressure) and also contains the compound, asperuloside, which is anti-inflammatory.
	www.florahealth.com /flora/home/canada/healthinformation/encyclopedias/Bedstraw.asp (594 words)

	Species: Galium spp.
		Northern bedstraw frequency was 33% in 1983, 35% in 1984, and 39% in 1985.
		Sweetscented bedstraw frequency was 21.7% in 1983, 40.8% in 1984, and 33.3% in 1985.
		Sweetscented bedstraw has less than 35% chance of 50% population survival [137,206] while northern bedstraw's chances are 35% to 64% for 50% of the species population to survive fires with average flame lengths of 12 inches (30.5 cm) [206].
	www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/forb/galspp/all.html (9643 words)

	WeedAlert.com Weed Listing (Bedstraw)
		The stems of bedstraw are weak and form mats of plants.
		Bedstraw is more of a problem in high-mowed or infrequently mowed areas, such as those found in roughs or along fence rows.
		Bedstraw is fairly easy to remove by hand where only a few weeds are growing.
	www.weedalert.com /weed_pages/wa_bedstraw.htm (169 words)

	Bedstraw Cleavers
		Bedstraw was once considered a summer annual, but now there's evidence that it can overwinter and grow as a winter annual.
		The predominant uses for Bedstraw is external, although the tea has been recommended for stomach and intestinal catarrh and for irritations of mucous membranes, including those of the urinary tract.
		Bedstraw is popularly used in Europe for healing wounds and sores.
	www.geocities.com /RodeoDrive/Mall/4992/bedstraw.htm (852 words)

	Bedstraw
		Bedstraw is a perennial that grows 8 in to 12 in (20 cm to 30 cm) in height, with climbing stems adorned with whorled leaves.
		Bedstraw contains vitamins A, C and K, Minerals (iron, silica, sodium and potassium), acids, asperulin, coumarin, flavonoids.
		The whole bedstraw is used, preferably fresh and crushed, in a poultice (1 handful or 10 g) on a wound, age spots, and even on a skin tumor.
	www.herbs2000.com /herbs/herbs_bedstraw.htm (313 words)

	Yellow Bedstraw
		The Virgin Mary prepared the manger in Bethlehem with yellow bedstraw according to legend, and perhaps she did, because this herb's honey-scented flowers and hay-scented dried foliage were traditionally used as mattress stuffing.
		Yellow bedstraw is occasionally used as a means to relieve chronic skin problems such as psoriasis, but, in general, cleavers is preferred as a treatment for this condition.
		Yellow bedstraw has had a longstanding reputation, especially in France, of being a valuable remedy for epilepsy, though it is rarely used for this purpose today.
	www.herbs2000.com /herbs/herbs_yellow_bedstraw.htm (422 words)

	Lady's bedstraw and the myth behind it
		Lady’s Bedstraw, galium verum, is a flowered perennial common to Europe.
		Lady’s Bedstraw was widely used as a stuffing for mattresses; from the peasant’s bed on the floor of his hovel to the elaborately carved and curtained bed of the Lady of the manor.
		The story is told of the Virgin Mary and how the night of the birth of her Child she had nothing soft to put into the ‘manger cradle’ as bedding.
	nhnh.essortment.com /bedstraw_ruui.htm (414 words)

	SeedQuest - Central information website for the global seed industry
		Bedstraw plants found during the surveillance have ranged from seedlings to flowering plants.
		Dr Dodd said bedstraw was a competitive climbing plant similar to cleavers that formed dense masses of tangled vegetation in crops, along fence lines and in wasteland.
		“Bedstraw is a major weed of crops in south-eastern Australia and could become a serious problem in WA if allowed to spread in crops.
	www.seedquest.com /News/releases/2005/september/13457.htm (674 words)

	Bedstraw
		Description: Northern Bedstraw has a smooth stem with long, thin, lance-like leaves, which are whorled in groups of four.
		Other varieties of Bedstraw may have leaves in whorls of six or eight, and have stems that cling, although not as much as Cleavers.
		Many small chickens have met their fate by getting stuck in dense patches of bedstraw (this is more common in other bedstraws, as northern bedstraw has smooth stems).
	www.diamon-naturals.us /bedstraw.htm (188 words)

	Integrated weed management of bedstraw (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A close relative to bedstraw is cleavers (Galium aparine), which is listed in the 'Worlds worst Weeds' and which has a variety of common names overseas including cleavers, goose grass, catchweed and bedstraw, it is also known as cleavers here in Australia.
		Bedstraw seed is a similar size to cereal seed and thorough cleaning is required to ensure none is left in seed for sowing.
		As with many weeds, the strategy to overcome a problem with bedstraw needs to be aimed at preventing seed set for a number of years to reduce the seed bank numbers in the soil.
	www.dpi.vic.gov.au /dpi/nreninf.nsf/LinkView/70693F9A69EEBD1BCA256C1700047826E00479C76059D2BA4A256DEA002782B3 (1924 words)

	NPWRC :: Northern Bedstraw (Galium boreale)
		Though its flowers are small, northern bedstraw is an attractive plant, also known as "wild baby's breath." This plant grows on moist prairies and in open woods throughout much of the Northern Hemisphere.
		Northern bedstraw is listed as fair forage so look for it in pastures that are only moderately or lightly grazed.
		Northern bedstraw is a member of the large, mostly tropical madder family (Rubiaceae) which includes coffee, quinine, and dozens of ornamental plants.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/plants/wildflwr/species/galibore.htm (256 words)

	White Bedstraw or Wild Madder (Galium mollugo) - Wild Flowers of Sleepy Hollow Lake - An All Creatures Photo Gallery - ...
		(Bedstraw, White - 01a) To the casual passer-by, the myriad of tiny (1/8 inch) flowers of the white bedstraw tend to blur the details of this wild flower.
		(Bedstraw, White - 04) This is another look at a portion of a white bedstraw stem with its many flower clusters, most of which are still in their bud stage of development.
		(Bedstraw, White - 06a) This is a close-up of the new-growth leaves of the white bedstraw damp with the morning dew.
	www.all-creatures.org /picb/wfshl-bedstraw-wh.html (580 words)

	Bedstraw,flowers,Bedstraw,flower Pictures,Catalog,Encyclopedia
		Bedstraw plants produce stalkless leaves in whorls and abundant clusters of tiny white or yellow flowers.
		Once used in making mattresses, today bedstraw is grown mainly in rock gardens, where it produces a light airy effect.
		Yellow bedstraw, G. verum, sometimes appears as a weed in the eastern United States.
	www.4to40.com /earth/geography/htm/flowersindex.asp?counter=16 (91 words)

	Sweet Bedstraw (Galium triflorum) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The bristly carpels of Sweet-Scented Bedstraw can cling to the fur of animals and the clothing of humans; by this means, the seeds are distributed to new locations.
		(Bedstraws) by considering the following set of features: 1) there are 6 leaves per whorl, 2) the carpels are bristly rather than glabrous, 3) the leaves are oblanceolate with short pointed tips, and 4) the petals of the flowers taper to narrow tips.
		Sweet-Scented Bedstraw is one of the larger Bedstraws and its stems can be smooth or slightly rough.
	www.illinoiswildflowers.info /woodland/plants/sw_bedstraw.htm (471 words)

	Hedge Bedstraw
		Hedge Bedstraw is currently found in areas with a history of disturbance.
		Because the carpels of Hedge Bedstraw lack bristly hairs, they don't cling readily to the fur of mammals or the clothing of humans.
		Other common names for this species are 'White Bedstraw' and 'Wild Madder.' The outstanding characteristic of Hedge Bedstraw is the large terminal inflorescence and its multitude of small white flowers.
	www.illinoiswildflowers.info /weeds/plants/hedge_bedstraw.htm (715 words)

	CALIFORNIA'S PLANTS AND ANIMALS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		El Dorado bedstraw is a low, simple or branched, slender-stemmed, herbaceous perennial with pale yellow flowers at the tips of its stems.
		The largest population of this species, consisting of thousands of individuals, occurs in colonies in the fl oak woodland on Pine Hill where rural development, fire wood harvesting, and large scale clearing of the woodland understory for fuel load management threaten this population.
		It is hoped that easements can be obtained to protect: 1) a greater proportion of the bedstraw population on Pine Hill, 2) portions of two populations in the Cameron Park-Shingle Springs area, and 3) a population near the south fork of the American River, but the outcome of these efforts remains to be seen.
	www.dfg.ca.gov /hcpb/cgi-bin/read_one.asp?specy=plants&idNum=124 (481 words)

	Lady's Bedstraw (gallium verum)
		Also known as Yellow Bedstraw, Cheese Renning and Maid's Hair (because the yellow flowers were stuffed into ladies' caps in order to dye their hair blonde).
		Lady's Bedstraw was used to dye wool for the Harris tweed industry in Scotland.
		Lady's Bedstraw is very hardy when established and will tolerate drought conditions because its root system is quite large, enabling it to find water.
	www.englishplants.co.uk /ladysbed.html (478 words)

	Wisconsin Cranberry Weeds: Bedstraws (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A common characteristics of plants in the bedstraw family is a square, weak stem that contains leaves in a whorled arrangement frequently in groups of 4-8 leaves.
		Bedstraws are found commonly in moist woodlands and wetlands throughout the state.
		Rough bedstraw has hairy or prickly stems and may cling to clothing.
	www.library.wisc.edu /guides/agnic/cranberry/weeds/bedstraw.htm (90 words)

	St Louis County Parks and Recreation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Also in the stable's legendary hay was lady's bedstraw, member of a family of weeds common in America and often called cleavers.
		The legends say Mary lay on a bed of this bedstraw and that when Jesus was born it burst into yellow bloom.
		For this is was regarded with golden flowers, though most bedstraws have white flowers.
	www.stlouisco.com /parks/ladysbedstraw.html (143 words)

	Northern Bedstraw - Galium boreale
		Northern bedstraw is related to coffee, and the seeds can be dried, roasted and ground as a coffee substitute.
		Bedstraw plants were used to make sweet-smelling hot compresses to stop bleeding and soothe sore muscles.
		Bedstraw tea has been used as a weight loss aid.
	montana.plant-life.org /species/galium_boreale.htm (258 words)

	Mesquite
		Lots of bedstraw and grass and some “mint” (hedge parsley probably, but maybe pin clover).
		Some hedge parsley and thistle, and a broadleaf weed that is everywhere around this plot (even more like spinach than the other one with each leaf growing on a stem instead of off the base of each plant, red color on stem, and center “vein” of leaf).
		About 20-30% bedstraw, 10% grasses (multiple species) and the rest of the vegetation on the ground are forbs (including mostly the spinach-type plant).
	www.sbs.utexas.edu /resource/2005/HornsbyMesquite/Plants.htm (898 words)

	PlantWatch
		The northern bedstraw plant stands 20—60 cm tall, and has smooth, square stems.
		The fragrant white flowers of the northern bedstraw are approximately 3 mm wide.
		Historically, this plant was boiled and used as a wash to remove freckles.
	www.naturewatch.ca /english/plantwatch/species_details.asp?species=3 (136 words)

	SARE Reporting System: ONE04-025: 2004 Annual Report
		Smooth Bedstraw is a perennial that spreads by seed as well as vegetatively with underground rhizomes.
		Bedstraw also thrives in well-managed fields because of its adaptation to a wide variety of environmental conditions.
		Tillage, cover crop and bare fallow will probably be the most effective in eradicating the weed, but also may have the highest price tag and have minimal use with small and part time farmers who lack the equipment to perform these operations.
	sare.org /reporting/report_viewer.asp?pn=ONE04-025&ry=2004&rf=0 (835 words)

	Nearctica - Eastern Wildflowers - Rubiaceae - Rough Bedstraw (Galium asprellum)
		Habitat: Rough Bedstraw is found in thickets and on wet soils.
		Similar Species: Fragrant Bedstraw, another plant with leaves in whorls of 6 lacks recurved spinules on the stem.
		Cleavers, a species of Galium with heavily recurved spinules on the stem has its leaves in whorls of 8 and is not as heavily branched.
	www.nearctica.com /flowers/rubia/Gasprel.htm (131 words)

	Bedstraw (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In turf, bedstraw generally thrives in taller areas such as golf course roughs, where mowing may be infrequent.
		It is a pest as a weed and once encountered it is seldom forgotten.
		Bedstraw is an annual with long, narrow, rough leaves.
	aggie-turf.tamu.edu /answers4you/grasswee/broadlf/bedstraw.html (101 words)

	botanical.com - A Modern Herbal \| Bedstraw, Lady's - Herb Profile and Information
		Its small, bright yellow flowers are closely clustered together in dense panicles at the tops of the wiry, square, upright stems, which are I to 3 feet high, and bear numerous very narrow, almost thread-like leaves, placed six to eight together in whorls.
		The common English name of this plant, 'Our Lady's Bedstraw,' is derived from its use in former days, even by ladies of rank, for stuffing beds.
		The Highlanders also made special use of Yellow Bedstraw to curdle milk and colour their cheese, and it has been used in Gloucestershire for the same purpose, either aloneor with the juice of the stinging-nettle.
	www.botanical.com /botanical/mgmh/b/bedlad25.html (648 words)

	The Smooth Bedstraw Invasion-Wha
		This perennial weed seems to be spreading at alarming rates in hayfields throughout the Northeast, reducing the quantity and quality of forage stands.
		Another treatment looked at using high rates of nitrogen fertilizer to see if the remaining grasses might be able to utilize the nitrogen and out compete the bedstraw (bedstraw is sensitive to shading).
		In all of the treatments, they kept the bedstraw from going to seed during the treatment year.
	www.umext.maine.edu /piscataquis/farming/Vol3Iss8/bedstraw.htm (425 words)

	SARE Reporting System: ONE04-025: 2004 Annual Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Smooth Bedstraw is a perennial that spreads by seed as well as vegetatively with underground rhizomes.
		Bedstraw also thrives in well-managed fields because of its adaptation to a wide variety of environmental conditions.
		Tillage, cover crop and bare fallow will probably be the most effective in eradicating the weed, but also may have the highest price tag and have minimal use with small and part time farmers who lack the equipment to perform these operations.
	www.sare.org /reporting/report_viewer.asp?pn=ONE04-025&ry=2004&rf=0 (835 words)

	Smooth Bedstraw
		Smooth bedstraw is primarily a weed of landscapes, nursery crops, turfgrass, and lawns that is found throughout the United States.
		The whorled leaves of this plant makes it easily distinguishable from most other weeds except catchweed bedstraw (Galium aparine) and Field Madder (Sherardia arvensis), which are both very similar in appearance and growth habit.
		Field madder generally has smaller leaves than the bedstraws and the leaves occur in whorls of 4 to 6.
	www.ppws.vt.edu /scott/weed_id/galmo.htm (214 words)

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