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	Beeching Axe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Beeching Axe was an informal name for the British Government's attempt in the 1960s to control the spiralling cost of running the British railway system by closing what it considered to be little-used and unprofitable railway lines.
		Beeching believed the railway system should be run like a business and not a public service, and that if parts of the railway system did not pay their way—like some rural branch lines— they should be eliminated.
		Beeching made a study of traffic on all the railway lines in the country and concluded that 80% of the traffic was carried on just 20% of the network, with much of the rest of the system carrying little traffic and operating at a loss.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Beeching_Axe (2380 words)

	Richard Beeching - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Beeching was born in Maidstone, Kent, the second of four brothers.
		A set of proposals for the future of the railways that came to be known as the "Beeching Plan" was adopted by the Government, resulting in the closure of a third of the rail network and the scrapping of a third of a million freight wagons, much as Stedeford had foreseen and fought against.
		Beeching resigned in 1965 after recommendations in one of his reports were rejected by the government.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Richard_Beeching (1261 words)

	Richard Beeching (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Richard Beeching became famous in Britain in the early 1960s for his role in masterminding the Beeching axe railway closures of that decade.
		In 1948 Beeching joined the giant chemical firm ICI, and in 1957 he was appointed technical director of the board.
		Beeching resigned from the job in 1965 after the recommendations in one of his reports were rejected by the government.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/r/ri/richard_beeching.html (269 words)

	Beeching Axe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Beeching Axe was an informal name for the British government's attempt in the 1960s to control the spiralling cost of running the British railway system by closing little-used and unprofitable railway lines.
		Dr Beeching believed that the railway system should be run like a business not a public service, and that if parts of the railway system which didn't pay their way—like some rural branch lines—were closed then the remaining core of the system could be restored to profitability.
		Supporters of the Beeching cuts believe that they were a necessary emergency response to save the railway network from financial disaster, and that if they hadn't taken place, a far bigger programme of cuts would have been necessary later on.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/b/be/beeching_axe.html (1428 words)

	Richard Beeching
		Beeching was born in Maidstone Kent in April 1913 as the second of four brothers.
		During his time at this job, Beeching became a hugely controversial figure when he recomended a massive program of railway closures, to cut the cost of running the railway system.
		Beeching resigned from the job in 1965 after the recomendations of one of his reports was rejected by the government.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/dr/Dr_Beeching.html (254 words)

	Articles - Beeching Axe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Beeching Axe was a reaction to the failed railway s, without first examining the role of the railway and its requirements, recognising the implications of changing old-fashioned working practices, or tackling the problem of chronic overmanning.
		A set of proposals for the future of the railways which came to be known as the "Beeching Plan" were adopted by the Government resulting in the complete closure of a third of the rail network and the scrapping of a third of a million freight wagons, much as Stedeford had forseen.
		Beeching believed the railway system should be run like a business, not a public service, and that if parts of the railway system did not pay their way—like some rural branch lines— they should be eliminated.
	www.bowling-balls.net /articles/Beeching_Axe (2137 words)

	Beech Aircraft
		"Beeches is one of symbols of the Celtic Zodiac" It is not, according to http://www.novareinna.com/constellation/description.html.
		Beeching became infamous in Britain in the early 1960s for his role in masterminding the Beeching Axe railway closures of that decade.
		The effects of the Beeching Axe on a small station was the subject of ''Oh, Doctor Beeching!'', a sitcom by David Croft and Richard Spendlove from 1995 to 1997.
	www.behindthefridge.com /pages6/8/beech-aircraft.html (887 words)

	Beeching Axe
		It was a reaction to the failed railway modernisation plan of the 1950s which wasted huge amounts of money on buying new equipment such as new diesel and electric locomotives, without changing old-fashioned working practices or tackling the problem of chronic overmanning.
		A few railway closures had occurred in the 1950s before the Beeching report, but post-Beeching the process was speeded up and dramatically expanded.
		The report proposed that 8,000 miles of Britain's then 20,000 miles of railway system be closed (mostly rural branch and cross country lines lines) and that many other rail lines should lose their passenger services and be kept open for freight only.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/be/Beeching_axe.html (1256 words)

	Beeching Axe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Beeching Axe was an informal name for the government's attempt in the 1960s to control the spiralling cost of the British railway system by closing what it considered to "little-used" and unprofitable railway lines.
		The Beeching Axe was a reaction to failed railway modernisation plan of the 1950s which spent huge amounts of money buying new equipment such as new diesel electric locomotives without first examining the railways' role was actually going to be needed or implications of changing old-fashioned working practices and the problem of chronic overmanning.
		Dr Beeching believed the railway system should run like a business not a public and that if parts of the railway that didn't pay their way—like some rural lines—were closed then the remaining core of system could be restored to profitability.
	www.freeglossary.com /Beeching_Axe (1724 words)

	Beeching Axe Encyclopedia Article @ FolkArtMuseum.com (Folk Art Museum) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Beeching II Essentially, it proposed that all railway lines other than major inter-city routes and important commuter lines around big cities had little future and should eventually close.
		Beeching issued a second, less well-known, report "The Development of the Major Railway Trunk Routes", widely known as "Beeching II", which went even further than the first report.
		In 1965, Barbara Castle was appointed transport minister, and she began to look at the country's transport problems as a whole.
	www.folkartmuseum.com /encyclopedia/Beeching_Axe (1210 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Beeching Axe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Richard Beeching Richard Beeching, Baron Beeching (21 April 1913 - 23 March 1985) (more commonly known as Dr Beeching), was a British physicist and engineer, and chairman of British Railways.
		The Scottish Highlands are the mountainous regions of Scotland north and west of the Highland Boundary Fault.
		A set of proposals for the future of the railways that came to be known as the "Beeching Plan" were adopted by the Government, resulting in the closure of a third of the rail network and the scrapping of a third of a million freight wagons, much as Stedeford had forseen.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Beeching-Axe (4843 words)

	search.com - Beeching Axe - Search.com Reference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Also on the Committee was Dr Richard Beeching, and the two men clashed on a number of issues connected with Beeching's proposals to drastically prune the rail infrastructure of the UK.
		In 1961 the Conservative government appointed Dr Richard Beeching (1913–1985) as the chairman of British Railways.
		Supporters of the Beeching cuts claim that they were a necessary emergency response to save the railway network from financial disaster, and that if they had not occurred, a far larger programme of cuts would have been later necessary.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Beeching_Axe (2302 words)

	Beeching Axe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The government argued that many rail services could be provided more cheaply by buses, and in a policy known as "bustitution", promised that abandoned rail services would have their place taken by a replacement bus services.
		This is as much a criticism of the policy since the Beeching closures of the wholesale disposal of former railway land rather than the protection of trackbeds for possible future use.
		Although in most instances it would be impossible for the stations closed by the Beeching Axe to be reopened; many embankments have been filled in and built on (for example around Cowley) and some station buildings have been sold and are now private homes.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Beeching_Axe.htm (2333 words)

	British Rail - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This period saw massive changes in the nature of the railway network: steam traction was eliminated in favour of diesel and electric power, passengers replaced freight as the main source of business, and the network was severely rationalised.
		The failure of the Modernisation Plan led to a distrust of British Rail's financial planning abilities by the Treasury which was to dog BR for the rest of its existence.
		From 1958 to 1974 the West Coast Main Line was electrified in stages at the French voltage of 25 kV 50Hz AC overhead line electrification.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/British_Railways (2619 words)

	Beeching Axe - InformationBlast
		In 1961 the Conservative government appointed Dr Richard Beeching (1913-1985) as the chair of British Rail with a brief to cut the spiralling losses.
		The closures were a complete failure in their central purpose of restoring the railways to profitability, with the promised savings failing to materialise.
		Although some supporters of Beeching claim that some of the closures were justifiable, with hindsight many of Beeching's cuts have been condemned as foolish and short sighted, and many are now being bitterly regretted.
	www.informationblast.com /Beeching_axe.html (1431 words)

	Beeching Axe - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Beeching Axe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Official report, published in 1963, on the railway network of Britain, which recommended the closure of loss-making lines and the improvement of money-making routes.
		Richard Beeching was chair of the British Railways Board 1963–65.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Beeching+Axe (138 words)

	Beeching Axe
		Many railway lines were closed The Beeching Axe was an informal name for the British government's attempt in the 1960s to control the spiralling cost of running the British railway system by closing what it considered to be "little-used" and unprofitable railway lines.
		Not all of the railway lines listed for closure were closed; some were kept open for a variety of reasons, including political manoeuvering.
		The report singled-out lines which were believed to be worthy of continued large-scale investment, and although it did not explicitly state so, implied that any lines not singled-out for investment would eventually be closed.
	beeching-axe.ask.dyndns.dk (1811 words)

	Beeching report - UK Railways
		Beeching II In 1964 Dr. Beeching issued a second report known as "The Development of the Major Railway Trunk Routes" widely known as "Beeching II" which went even further than the first report.
		It has been argued that the closures were a complete failure in their central purpose of restoring the railways to profitability, with the promised savings failing to materialise.
		However, the reality is that most of the lines closed ahd no realistic prospect of ever being financilly viable, and that mass car ownership folowing WWII had radically altered travel patterns.
	ukrailways.wikia.com /wiki/Beeching_Axe (1648 words)

	Beeching Axe Encyclopedia Article @ Fburg.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Although politicians were ultimately responsible for the rail closures, Dr. The report was rejected by the then Labour government and Dr. Beeching resigned in 1965.
		A number of branch lines were nevertheless saved by this legislation.
		Most of the replacement bus services were far slower and less convenient than the train services they replaced, and they proved unpopular with the public
	www.fburg.com /encyclopedia/Beeching_Axe (2134 words)

	Welcome to Greenleas Rail History - BR
		In the early 1960's Dr Beeching, the Chairman of the newly established British railways Board issued a report called 'The reshaping of British Railways'.
		The report stated that it was necessary for the rationalisation of competing routes and a closutre of over 2,000 stations.
		One of the lines to fall under the 'Beeching Axe' was the Dunstable Branch line.
	clutch.open.ac.uk /schools/greenleas-rail01/brdundash.html (363 words)

	Sustrans - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Sustrans was formed in Bristol in July 1977 by a group of cyclists and environmentalists motivated by the 1973 oil crisis and poor provision for cyclists in British cities.
		A decade earlier the Beeching axe had closed many British railways that were performing badly comercially as road transport grew.
		One such railway was the former London, Midland and Scottish Railway line from central Bristol to Bath, which had been closed as it competed with the former Great Western Railway between the cities.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Sustrans (545 words)

	Marylebone station - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Passenger traffic on the GCR was never heavy, due largely to its being the last main line to be built, which meant it had difficulty competing against its well-established rivals for the lucrative intercity passenger business.
		Marylebone had a fairly quiet and uneventful existence until 1966, when the Great Central Railway was closed north of Aylesbury as part of the Beeching axe.
		The GCR's closure was the single largest railway closure of the Beeching era.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Marylebone_station (969 words)

	Beeching Axe - Term Explanation on IndexSuche.Com
		In 1961 the Conservative government appointed Dr Richard_Beeching (1913-1985) as the chair of British_Rail with a brief to cut the spiralling losses.
		It sparked an outcry from many communities that would lose their rail services - many of which, as in the case of rural communities, provided the sole means of public transport.
		Although most commentators believe some of the closures were justifiable, with hindsight many of Beeching's cuts have been condemned as foolish and short sighted, and many are now being bitterly regretted.
	www.indexsuche.com /Beeching_Axe.html (1430 words)

	Government told to `put Beeching cuts into reverse` (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The report (Beeching in Reverse: The case for a programme of line and station reopenings) finds that putting the tracks back could boost regeneration and act as a powerful symbol for rail revival.
		Jonathan Bray, adviser to Transport 2000’s Platform network and co-ordinator for the Beeching in Reverse report, said: “There are many parts of the country where the wounds inflicted by Dr Beeching’s axe still haven’t healed.
		The report is followed up by a conference in Nottingham on 27 September 2001 with a ‘trial of Dr Beeching’ to be held the night before on the evening of 26 September.
	www.transport2000.org.uk /news/maintainNewsArticles.asp?NewsArticleID=6 (824 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Calne (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		However, since the demolition of the Harris pork factory and the completion of the first phase redevelopment/regeneration in 2001, Calne has, in general, been successfully transformed into an attractive setting compared to its run-down image of the 1980s-90s.
		Calne railway station opened in 1863 on a branch line from Chippenham but the station was closed as a result of Beeching Axe in 1965.
		A northern bypass (part of the A3102) was completed in 2001 and an eastern bypass is under consideration for possible construction in 2009-2011.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Calne (1799 words)

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