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Topic: Behavioral imprinting

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	Imprinting
		Imprinting in genetics is the suppressing (or silencing) of certain genes on chromosomes, depending on which parent they were received from.
		If a gene passed is suppressed through imprinting from one parent, and the allele from the other parent is not expressed because of mutation, neither can act and the child will be deficient.
		Imprinting is known to cause problems in cloning, with clones having DNA that is not methylated in the right places.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/im/Imprinting.html (369 words)

	Learning Who is Your Mother: Behavior of Imprinting
		The sucking behavior of babies is one of several instinctive behaviors which we are born with.
		Some of the characteristics of imprinting could be explained by the tendency that the baby bird has to search for and responding selectively to particular stimulus patterns, such as the profile of an adult bird.
		Before imprinting takes place, the brain of the young bird has a capacity to recognize the types of stimuli which will subsequently be associatively learned, and this is one of the innate components of imprinting.
	www.cerebromente.org.br /n14/experimento/lorenz/index-lorenz.html (1923 words)

	Reproductive Health \| Full text \| Genomic imprinting and assisted reproduction
		Imprinting is controlled by DNA methylation in such a way that a difference in methylation between the maternal and paternal alleles correlates with the different expression of the two parental alleles.
		Imprinted genes are more often grouped into clusters than scattered throughout the genome and this organization most likely reflects a coordinated way of gene regulation in a chromosomal region [6].
		Imprinted genes are implicated in the regulation of embryonic and fetal growth, as well as many aspects of placental function, including placental growth and the activity of transplacental transport systems [12].
	www.reproductive-health-journal.com /content/1/1/6 (4474 words)

	Unit 2 Module 2
		The investigation of complex, apparently unlearned patterns of behavior in animals can also shed light upon the possible instinctive component in the development of man. Students of child development think they may have identified especially important periods in a child's life, critical periods, during which the child is particularly sensitive to certain experiences.
		Imprinting can be defined as the process by which an inborn behavioral pattern is associated with a releasing stimulus which was a result of experience.
		Imprinting is a process in which an inborn behavior pattern becomes strongly associated with a releasing stimulus.
	online.sfsu.edu /~psych200/unit2/22.htm (2042 words)

	Imprinted Nesp55 Influences Behavioral Reactivity to Novel Environments -- Plagge et al. 25 (8): 3019 -- Molecular and ...
		raphe nucleus, is implicated in exploratory behavior (42).
		Imprinting of the G(s)alpha gene GNAS1 in the pathogenesis of acromegaly.
		A cluster of oppositely imprinted transcripts at the Gnas locus in the distal imprinting region of mouse chromosome 2.
	mcb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/25/8/3019 (5389 words)

	NIH Guide: EXPLORATORY GRANTS FOR GENOMIC IMPRINTING AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY
		Genomic imprinting in humans is a recently recognized phenomenon, but it has already been demonstrated to have a role in several developmental and pathological processes.
		Imprinting and X chromosome-inactivation, both assure that normally only one of the two identical gene sequences will be expressed in the cell.
		Further search for imprinted genes, as well as for candidate genes associated with specific defects of genomic imprinting, are likely to lead to insights into the reason that this mechanism of control of gene expression arose.
	grants.nih.gov /grants/guide/pa-files/PA-00-034.html (2668 words)

	[No title]
		The behaviors needed before weaning are so different from those needed after weaning that we should not expect preweaning experiences to have much impact upon postweaning behavior.
		A critical period for imprinting was noted as early as 1873 by the English naturalist D. Spalding, who noted that chicks would follow his hand about if first exposed to it during their first 3 days of life, but not if first exposure was on the 4th day or later.
		Imprinting is demonstrated when exposure to an imprinting target disposes the animal subsequently to approach the target more than it would otherwise.
	core.ecu.edu /psyc/wuenschk/docs00/CriticalPeriods.doc (2527 words)

	Konrad Lorenz Summary
		Imprinting occurs in many species, most noticeably in geese and ducks, when--within a short, genetically set time frame--an animal will accept a foster mother in the place of its biological mother, even if that foster mother is a different species.
		Behavior varies among species because it is shaped by natural selection and shows the influence of the animal's evolutionary history.
		Imprinting is the formation of a powerful bond between young precocial birds and their parents.
	www.bookrags.com /Konrad_Lorenz (4965 words)

	Prader-Willi Syndrome
		A distinctive behavioral phenotype (with temper tantrums, stubbornness, manipulative behavior, and obsessive-compulsive charateristics) is common.
		Imprinting defects caused by microdeletions are detected using quantitative Southern blot analysis and sequence analysis of the PWS-SRO (smallest region of overlap).
		A characteristic behavior profile becomes evident in early childhood in 70-90% of affected individuals, with temper tantrums, stubbornness, controlling and manipulative behavior, obsessive-compulsive characteristics, and difficulty with change in routine.
	www.geneclinics.org /profiles/pws/details.html (5291 words)

	MoSt GeNe/Genetic Drift/Genetic Testing for Prader-Willi and Angelman Syndromes
		PWS is characterized by endocrine-type abnormalities associated with cognitive impairment and characteristic behavioral phenotype.
		Imprinting refers to expression of a gene from only one parent's chromosome with silencing of the genes from the other parent's chromosome.
		As abnormal imprinting is observed for PWS and AS patients with chromosome deletions, UPD, or the rare imprinting mutations, it is very effective in confirming a clinical diagnosis in over 99 % of PWS patients and 70 % of AS patients.
	www.mostgene.org /gd/gdvol14h.htm (1393 words)

	Alternative Cancer Treatment Test Kit
		Therefore, if you are not familiar with Applied or Behavioral Kinesiology also called muscle testing, read the Principles of Operation section to see that the principles behind the Test Kit are indeed well established.
		Behavioral Kinesiology is often called simply Kinesiology as in the quote above.
		Behavioral Kinesiology is a type of muscle testing, but not the same as Applied Kinesiology used for diagnosis.
	alternativecancer.us /ak.htm (2776 words)

	The Emergence of Instinct
		Since behavior is clearly influenced by biological organs, including appendages, the inheritance of such modified organs would result in the accompanying instinctive behavior dependent on the organs in succeeding generations.
		Particularly problematic in this regard are behaviors that cannot be imagined as the result of individual learning, as in the egg-laying behavior of the moth and butterfly (as Paley describes in the first epigraph to this chapter) and the egg-laying behavior of the wasp (mentioned below).
		This behavior depends on what Lorenz called a "fixed motor pattern," that is, a pattern of activity in the central nervous system of the goose that is released or triggered by the sight of the egg outside the nest.
	faculty.ed.uiuc.edu /g-cziko/wm/03.html (4047 words)

	Interactions Between Imprinting Effects in the Mouse -- Cattanach et al. 168 (1): 397 -- Genetics
		The proximal imprinting effect was initially observed with T30H and the region reduced step by step using the translocations shown and with recovery of the MatDp(dist2) effect indicating absence of the lethal proximal imprinting effect.
		The marker genes used are as shown or the distal imprinting effect itself was used as a marker.
		, 2000 The oocyte-specific methylated region of the U2afbp-rs/U2af1-rs1 gene is dispensable for its imprinted methylation.
	www.genetics.org /cgi/content/full/168/1/397 (6869 words)

	Dick Kimmel-Wildlife Research
		Behavior of human-imprinted and hen-reared wild turkey poults.
		The development and behavioral characteristics of the startle response in the zebra fish.
		Sexual behavior in Japanese quail as influenced by imprinting and taming.
	www.newulmtel.net /~kimmel/wildlife.html (415 words)

	BU \| WebCentral \| Learning \| News Releases \| Sample News Page
		Known as brood parasites, they are more the “park-and-fly” type; a female lays an egg in the nest of another bird species and then wings away, confident that her egg—and the hatchling that develops—will be cared for by the nest owners.
		Although this behavior may not make indigobirds model parents, it does help make them models of evolutionary change for scientists who study the birds’ behavioral and physical adaptations for clues to how species form.
		Their genetic information, complete with changes that lead to physical or behavioral adaptations to the demands of their environments, would no longer be pooled and passed along to new generations.
	www.bu.edu /phpbin/news/releases/display.php?id=577&template=sample (900 words)

	Chapter 51 Interactive Student Guide
		A behavior that remains essentially the same among organisms despite environmental differences within or outside their bodies is said to be developmentally fixed.
		Imprinting is a form of learning that is limited to a specific time period in an animal's life and that is generally irreversible.
		Imprinting is usually thought to involve very young animals and short critical periods, but imprinting may occur at different ages with critical periods of varying durations.
	www.niles-hs.k12.il.us /jacnau/chpt51.html (6352 words)

	Behavioral Biology (Site not responding. Last check: )
		We would say that an organism's behavior is optimized when the organism's Darwinian fitness is optimized given the display of that behavior relative to the display of some alternative behavior, including the display of no behavior at all (“If you choose not to decide, you still have made a choice.
		Behavior typically influences the acquisition of energy, nutrients, sex, help in child rearing, removal of ectoparasites, survival, establishment and maintenance of dominance hierarchies, etc.
		The ultimate cause of a behavior is its increase in frequency within a population due to the greater Darwinian fitness that results from organisms engaging in that behavior
	www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu /~sabedon/campbl51.htm (2223 words)

	Geneimprint : Home
		Comparative analysis of sequence characteristics of imprinted genes in human, mouse, and cattle
		Role of the Dnmt3 family in de novo methylation of imprinted and repetitive sequences during male germ cell development in the mouse
		As a result of their unique genetic make-up, imprinted genes act as nodes of susceptibility for asthma, cancer, diabetes, obesity and many behavioral and developmental disorders - a list that is surprisingly long given the limited number of imprinted genes identified so far.
	www.geneimprint.com (755 words)

	Child psychology - Child psychology (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Organizational psychologists are specialists in psychological and behavioral aspects of health in the overwhelming majority of jurisdictions, are required to have obtained academic doctoral degrees Ph.
		This is a list of terms and topics related to criminology and law enforcement investigators child psychology in understanding a range of normal and criminal behaviors, sometimes serving as a mediator between divorced parents who remain in dispute about the needs child psychology and treatment plans.
		This is sometimes done in reference to changes in behavior over the course of the life course from childhood to adulthood.
	child-psychology.psychologysocial.org /child-learning (8676 words)

	[No title]
		The possibility that behavioral imprinting of juveniles occurs during their association with their parents should be considered in husbandry programs.
		Social behavior probably also contributes to folivory for iguanas: newly hatched green iguanas spend a short time in the tropical forest canopy where adult iguanas live before returning to the forestþedge vegetation where they remain during their growth as juveniles.
		Because behavioral fever is a normal response of reptiles and amphibians to endogenous pyrogens, it may be desirable to allow the animals to control their febrile response during antibiotic treatment and following surgery by keeping them in thermal gradients so they can warm themselves several degrees above their normal activity temperatures.
	netvet.wustl.edu /species/amphib/pough.txt (11965 words)

	eMedicine - Prader-Willi Syndrome : Article by Ann Scheimann, MD MBA
		In disorders attributed to genomic imprinting, genes are expressed differentially based upon the parent of origin.
		In a patient with an imprinting center mutation, test both biological parents for the presence of asymptomatic mutations in the imprinting center; such mutations indicate a higher risk for recurrence.
		Patients with PWS and significant behavioral issues recalcitrant to traditional therapies may benefit from transfer to a center, such as the Children's Institute in Pittsburgh, staffed with individuals with experience in treatment of people with PWS.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic1880.htm (3740 words)

	Shoe fetishism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		One theory of shoe fetishism, as well as of foot fetishism, is that an infant's experience of their mother in many cultures may involve crawling around their feet.
		If sexual behavioral imprinting occurs during this time, it may lead to the feet or shoes becoming the primary object of arousal.
		A particular interest of many shoe fetishists is shoe dangling, the act where a woman slips her heel from her shoe and lets the shoe dangle from her toes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Shoe_dangling (940 words)

	The Berkeley Science Review: Read: Articles
		Neurobiologists have known for decades that cells in the brain learn in a fashion that is analogous to the behavioral learning of animals.
		In fact, the growth and change of synaptic connections in the brain is strikingly similar to Pavlovian conditioning, in which a reaction to one stimulus, such as food, can become transferred to another, such as the sound of a bell ringing.
		As in behavioral imprinting, the first event is most important in determining the overall change in response (while functioning, however, on a vastly different time scale—tens of milliseconds instead of minutes to days).
	sciencereview.berkeley.edu /articles.php?issue=4&article=neurons (890 words)

	Development and Neurobiology: Genetics of Childhood Disorders: Genomic Imprinting: The Indelible Mark of the Gamete
		While children and adolescents with PWS have, on average, mild levels of cognitive delay, their behavioral and psychiatric difficulties typically result in highly restrictive levels of care and are often the source of enormous distress for patients and their families.
		The concept of a behavioral phenotype may be difficult to accept if it is taken as a description of every person with a syndrome.
		The PWS behavioral phenotype is not limited to psychiatric and behavioral difficulties.
	info.med.yale.edu /chldstdy/plomdevelop/genetics/00jungen.htm (2287 words)

	Involving the Audience in Advertising \| AlwaysOn (Site not responding. Last check: )
		By studying the first imprinting moment in which a child, in a given culture, explores and then crystallizes everything that they need in order to survive, Dr. Rapaille was able to redefine the Jungian concept of ARCHETYPE and give it its cultural dimension.
		Imprinting occurs only during a critical period of time, after which it is very difficult or impossible to imprint.
		The patterns or imprintings that predetermine how members of a culture perceive their world and react to it are referred to as Cultural Archetypes.
	alwayson.goingon.com /permalink/post/4028 (1363 words)

	OA Pup behav
		During this period they "imprint," figuring out who the are and who they are supposed to interact with (parents-filial imprinting, social relations-fraternal imprinting and relations-sexual imprinting) This 9 week period is the most sensitive period of canine development.
		At this age all of the hardwiring of the puppy's brain is going on and the experience or lack of them sets the foundation for the future of the puppy.
		This is the age where the negative behaviors of many dogs that have been poorly socialized and poorly raised reaches a height that a professional trainer is called in, they are re-homed or destroyed.
	www.briardsbriards.com /oa_pup_behav.htm (2026 words)

	24
		When a parent passively accepts violent behavior, insulting words, or physical assault from his child, he is positively reinforcing this kind of reaction and is facilitating the establishment of aggressive patterns which may be generalized to other social situations later on.
		We must realize that parents and educators are imprinting and manipulating the minds and personalities of young people in any case, and that we are responsible for giving coherent form and ethical purpose to the psychogenetic elements transmitted to the child.
		The issue is whether violence and other behavioral patterns are inborn and inevitable or whether they are mainly related to a cultural learning which may be influenced by intelligent planning.
	www.angelfire.com /tv/emp/231-244.htm (3940 words)

	[No title]
		evolutionary/phylogenetic origins of behavior (what sequence of evolutionary events led to imprinting mechanism in ducks) Proximate vs. Ultimate Mechanisms-- (imprinting, for survival to stay with mother FIXED ACTION PATTERNS in animals—stereotypic behavioral sequences in which animal engages, triggered by well-defined stimulus.
		Behavioral Ecology: explain animal behaviors based on their environment and ecology; in evolutionary terms, try to understand behavior in terms of its effect on fitness of individuals—i.e.
		Contradicted by Harlow—primary reinforcement of food not main determinant of all behavior, the monkeys choose the terry cloth mother for comfort.
	www.wsu.edu /~jwalfaro/Anthro468/Evolutionarypsych468.doc (653 words)

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