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Topic: Behenic acid

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	FDA/CFSAN/OPA: Agency Response Letter: GRAS Notice No. GRN 000069
		Behenic acid is produced by hydrolysis of high erucic acid rapeseed oil at a high temperature (at least 200C) under steam pressure, and subsequent hydrogenation of erucic acid to behenic acid in the presence of a nickel catalyst, which is used in accordance with 21 CFR 184.1537.
		Thixo considers the use of behenic acid to be self-limiting at levels greater than 8 percent, because such use levels may cause foods that contain behenic acid to become too hard, or cause other characteristics of the food (such as texture, mouth feel, and melting point) to be altered.
		Thixo estimates the intake of behenic acid by the total population in the United States from Thixo's proposed food uses to be approximately 0.68 g/p/d at the mean level and approximately 1.36 g/p/d at the 90th percentile level.
	vm.cfsan.fda.gov /~rdb/opa-g069.html (920 words)

	Patent 4153694
		The reactive derivative of behenic acid is preferably an acid halide, especially the acid chloride, or the acid anhydride.
		The non-toxic acid addition salts of the compounds of formula I are preferably salts of pharmaceutically acceptable acids such as mineral acids, for example hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid, and the like, and organic acids such as acetic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, citric acid, methane sulphonic acid, and the like.
		The residue was crystallized from hexane and consisted of the behenic acid ester of 2-trifluoromethyl-7-fluoro-10-(3'-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidyl)propyl)phen othiazine, melting at 57-58 degrees Centigrade.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4153694.html (1746 words)

	Glycerine, stearic acid, caprylic, lauric, palmitic, myristic, capric acid \| Manufacturers - exporters
		Glycerine, stearic acid, caprylic, lauric, palmitic, myristic, capric acid
		Caprylic Acid : Caprylic acid is an 8-carbon fatty acid that is produced in the body, and is a component of coconut oil.
		Caprylic acid is commonly used to inhibit the growth of fungi, especially the yeast-like fungus Candida albicans, the organism responsible for candidiasis (‘yeast infection’).
	www.asiantradelinkindia.com /chemicals_healthcare_pharmaceuticals_oleochemicals.html (378 words)

	© Metametrix Clinical Laboratory -
		Improvements in plasma fatty acids and vitamins E and C were the only factors found related to improvements in life expectancy and 70% lowering of heart disease in a study population [4].
		Gamma linolenic acid corrects most of the biological effects of zinc deficiency [19], indicating that the requirement of the D5 desaturase enzyme for zinc is a first-order essential function of zinc.
		This ratio increases markedly during exercise as the saturated fatty acids are preferentially utilized as energy sources, causing plasma levels to fall relative to the unsaturated fatty acids [35].
	www.metametrix.com /Publications/Fatty%20Acid%20Profiling (8547 words)

	Patent 4602057
		Due to the presence of behenic acid in the amount stated, the adhesion of the normal trade heat-sealing adhesive based on copolyamides is clearly increased, on average by between 20 and 25%.
		The increase in the adhesive strength by the behenic acid additive and/or the possibility of reducing the coating weight with said additive is not restricted solely to the powder dot coating process.
		Since the latter effect is less marked with behenic acid than it is with stearic acid, it is expedient to use additionally fatty acid aluminium- or alkaline earth salts such as finely dispersed magnesium stearate, which substantially favours the retentive capacity.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4602057.html (2358 words)

	USDA Scientists Find Treasure in Peanut Skins / December 12, 1996 / News from the USDA Agricultural Research Service
		Behenic acid currently is extracted from rapeseed flour and sells for about $8 a pound, depending on its purity.
		He said the high levels of behenic and lignoceric acid in the skin oil offer potential commercial uses, but costs such as processing and handling will have to be considered.
		Sobolev said one possibility is to see if the combination of fatty acids found in the oil has moisturizing properties beyond those of behenic acid.
	www.ars.usda.gov /IS/pr/1996/skins1296.htm?pf=1 (407 words)

	Behenic acid is a cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acid in humans -- Cater and Denke 73 (1): 41 -- American Journal ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Behenic acid is a cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acid in humans -- Cater and Denke 73 (1): 41 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
		Behenic acid is a cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acid in humans
		acid, behenic acid is a cholesterol-raising fatty acid in humans
	www.ajcn.org /cgi/content/abstract/73/1/41 (318 words)

	FDA/CFSAN/OPA: Agency Response Letter: GRAS Notice No. GRN 000050
		According to GRP 4G0407, bohenin is a triglyceride containing behenic acid at the 1- and 3- positions and oleic acid at the 2-position.
		Behenic acid is a saturated fatty acid that occurs naturally in peanuts, most seed fats, animal milk fat and marine oils.
		Bohenin is produced by the interesterification of 1, 2, 3-triglycerides derived from oleic acid and ethyl behenate in the presence of a suitable lipase enzyme preparation.
	vm.cfsan.fda.gov /~rdb/opa-g050.html (767 words)

	Patent 5677121
		It is particularly preferred that the mixture of acids comprises 2 or more kinds of long-chain higher aliphatic carboxylic acids which contain from 10 to 30 carbon atoms and preferably from 15 to 28 carbon atoms, besides 22 carbon atoms that behenic acid contains.
		It is particularly preferred that the mixture of acids comprises behenic acid, stearic acid and arachic acid and the total content of stearic acid and arachic acid is 10 to 200 mol %, based on the amount of behenic acid.
		840 g of behenic acid and 95 g of stearic acid were added to 12 liters of water, and a solution containing 48 g of sodium hydroxide and 63 g of sodium carbonate in 1.5 liters of water was added to the solution kept at 90.degree.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5677121.html (5408 words)

	fatty acid structure
		Fatty acids with 4 to 12 carbon atoms are found mainly in milk fats (mainly butyric acid in cow and decanoic acid in sheep) but those with 10 and 12 carbon atoms are found also in certain seed oils such as coconut and other kernel fats of the palm family.
		Saturated fatty acids were shown to be the major constituents of adipocere (similar to "adipocire" studied by Chevreul), the white and soap-like decomposition product which forms due to the post-mortem conversion of body adipose tissue (Pfeiffer S et al., J Forensic Sci 1998, 43, 368).
		A new unsaturated methyl-branched fatty acid, 9-methyl-16:1(n-6) and the uncommon 11-methyl- 18:1(n-6) were found in the lipid extract of a new strain of bacterium Vibrio alginolyticus associated with the alga Cladophora coelothrix (Carballeira NM et al., Lipids, 1997, 32, 1271).
	www.cyberlipid.org /fa/acid0001.htm (3659 words)

	BEHENIC ACID (n-DOCOSANOATE) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Fatty Acids are aliphatic carboxylic acid with varying hydrocarbon lengths at one end of the chain joined to terminal carboxyl (-COOH) group at the other end.
		Fatty acids are predominantly unbranched and those with even numbers of carbon atoms between 12 and 22 carbons long react with glycerol to form lipids (fat-soluble components of living cells) in plants, animals, and microorganisms.
		The saturated fatty acids have no double bonds, while oleic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid has one double bond (also described as olefinic) and polyunsaturated fatty acids like linolenic acid contain two or more double bonds.
	www.chemicalland21.com /lifescience/foco/BEHENIC%20ACID.htm (329 words)

	Behenic acid is a cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acid in humans -- Cater and Denke 73 (1): 41 -- American Journal ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		saturated fatty acids [caprylic acid (8:0) and capric acid (10:0)]
		Effect of the consumption of glycerides containing behenic acid on the lipid content of the heart of weanling rats.
		(The degradation of behenic acid in the animal organism.) Helv Chim Acta 1946;29:929–35 (in German).
	www.ajcn.org /cgi/content/full/73/1/41 (2583 words)

	Patent 4017660
		The molecules usually employed for the formation of these films are either stearic acid (C.sub.17 H.sub.35 COOH) and the metal salts of said acid or behenic acid (C.sub.21 H.sub.43 COOH) and the metal salts of said acid.
		The films formed by the molecules of.alpha.-hydroxy-behenic acid deposited on an insulating or conducting substrate are highly uniform and compact.
		From the point of view of thermal resistance, a substantial improvement is observed in comparison with films of the prior art : whereas the material obtained with behenic acid normally melts at 90.degree.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4017660.html (979 words)

	Ayaz & Kadioglu--Fatty acid changes in persimmon
		In the fruit, 11 fatty acids were identified and quantified: myristic acid (14:0), palmitic acid (16:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1), stearic acid (18:0), oleic acid (18:1), linoleic acid (18:2), linolenic acid (18:3), arachidic acid (20:0), behenic acid (22:0), lignoceric acid (24:0), and pentacosanoic acid (26:0).
		The highest levels of these four acids were found at 251 DOY whereas the levels of these acids began to decrease between 273 and 320 DOY.
		Another four fatty acids: arachidic acid (20:0), behenic acid (22:0), lignoceric acid (24:0), and pentacosanoic acid (26:0), did not show the same increases or decreases in during development, but the levels were found to be significantly important in some stages.
	www.rsnz.org /publish/nzjchs/1999/31.php (278 words)

	Esterification of Fatty Acids (fatty acid esters) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Fatty acids or derivatives of fatty acids are used in a wide variety of applications.
		The natural fatty acids are obtained from the hydrolysis of hard animal fats (tallow), coconut, palm kernel and soybean oils and from the fractional distillation of crude tall oil (a byproduct of Kraft pulping of pine wood).
		Esters of fatty acids with more complex alcohols, such as sorbitol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol are consumed in foods, personal care, paper, water treatment, metal working fluids, rolling oils and synthetic lubricants.
	www.rohmhaas.com /ionexchange/IP/fatty_acids.htm (297 words)

	Food Product Design: Cover - November 2001 - Fatty Acid Basics
		In lard, palmitic acid occurs almost exclusively at sn-2 and oleic at the outside positions, while in tallow the saturates are distributed at the sn-1,3 positions.
		Linoleic acid (18:2n-6) is called “omega-6,” or “n-6,” because its first double bond occurs at the sixth carbon from the omega, or methyl (-CH3), end of the fatty acid.
		The primary fatty acids are oleic and linoleic, with the remainder consisting of palmitic and stearic saturated fatty acids.
	www.foodproductdesign.com /archive/2001/1101de.html (4822 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		A rotating disk apparatus was used to study the removal of C{sup 14} labeled docosanoic (behenic) acid from stainless steel.
		A mass-transfer model was proposed to describe the removal of behenic acid from stainless steel using a rotating disk apparatus.
		A plausible explanation for these variations is that the residues are removed by the combined effects of dissolution and the shearing of large clusters of solid behenic acid crystals.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=253790 (343 words)

	Bodybuilding.com - Molecular Nutrition X-Factor - Arachidonic Acid! On sale now!
		AA Oil (a proprietary blend of arachidonic acid, palmitic acid, steric acid, linoleic acid, y-linolenic acid, dihomo-y-linolenic acid, myristic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, and other fatty acids), gelatin, glycerin, water, caramel color, and carob.
		Arachidonic acid is stored in the outer phospholipid layer of each muscle cell, and is released as the cell is disrupted during exercise.
		Many fatty acids are released during this process, and the higher the concentration is of arachidonic acid is, the more will be liberated.
	www.bodybuilding.com /store/mn/xfactor.html (1366 words)

	In vitro mimicry of essential fatty acid deficiency in human endothelial cells by TNF{alpha} impact of {omega}-3 versus ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		was reflected by an increase of this fatty acid and of EPA in
		compensatory increase in mead acid in the TNF
		Alteration in the membrane fatty acid composition of human lymphocytes and cultured transformed cells induced by interferon.
	www.jlr.org /cgi/content/full/43/6/944 (3827 words)

	Behenic Acid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Prepn from erucic acid by catalytic reduction: Morgan, Holmes, J. Soc.
		One hundred grams of 90% ethanol dissolve 0.102 g of behenic acid at 17 deg; at 25 deg 0.218 g of the acid dissolves in 100 ml of 91.5% ethanol, 0.116 g in 100 ml of 86.2% ethanol, 0.011 g in 100 ml of 63.07% ethanol.
		One hundred grams of ether dissolves 0.1922 g of behenic acid at 16 deg.
	www.ebi.ac.uk /~henrick/pims/chem/data/het6014.html (105 words)

	Study by Infrared Spectroscopy of Ultrathin Films of Behenic Acid Methyl Ester on Solid Substrates and at the Air/Water ...
		Ultrathin films of behenic acid methyl ester (BAME) deposited by spin coating on solid substrates or spread at the air/water interface were studied by infrared spectroscopy and Brewster angle microscopy.
		The anisotropic extinction coefficients and the polarized ATR spectra were used to calculate the tilt angle of several transition moments and also the molecular tilt angle of BAME molecules assuming an all-trans conformation of the alkyl chain.
		The simulation of the PM-IRRAS spectrum of a BAME monolayer recorded at 30 mN/m using the optical constants obtained from films prepared by spin coating indicate that, as opposed to the orientation on solid substrates, the alkyl chain of BAME is nearly perpendicular to the air/water interface in Langmuir films.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/jpcbfk/2002/106/i08/abs/jp012236a.html (363 words)

	Choline Oxidase Associated with Behenic Acid LB Films. Reorganization of Enzyme-Lipid Association under the Conditions ...
		As a model, choline oxidase was associated with behenic acid LB films either through a direct adsorption onto the head groups of the lipidic LB films or through an adsorption followed by the transfer of a behenic acid layer onto the protein molecules, which sandwiched the enzyme between the polar groups of two lipidic layers.
		The association of choline oxidase with the fatty acid LB films acts as an accelerating factor of this lipidic reorganization.
		These results can be explained by the effects of both hydration of the multilayers and the establishment of repulsive interactions either between protein and lipid molecules or between lipid molecules themselves.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/jtext?langd5/13/i24/abs/la970115p (256 words)

	A third fatty acid {Delta}9-desaturase from Mortierella alpina with a different substrate specificity to ole1p and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In filamentous fungi, the pathway for fatty acid desaturation
		encoding the fatty acid desaturases and elongases of the LCPUFA
		Migration of the proton from carbon atom 10 to 9 during double bond cleavage is shown by the dotted arrow.
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/148/6/1725 (4229 words)

	In vitro mimicry of essential fatty acid deficiency in human endothelial cells by TNF{alpha} impact of {omega}-3 versus ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In vitro mimicry of essential fatty acid deficiency in human endothelial cells by TNF{alpha} impact of {omega}-3 versus {omega}-6 fatty acids -- Mayer et al.
		-6, all-cis-9,12-octadecadienoic acid, linoleic acid; 20:0, eicosanoic acid, arachidic acid; 20:1
		-3, all-cis-11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid; 22:0, docosanoic acid, behenic acid; 22:1
	www.jlr.org /cgi/content/abstract/43/6/944 (453 words)

	A third fatty acid {Delta}9-desaturase from Mortierella alpina with a different substrate specificity to ole1p and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		A third fatty acid {Delta}9-desaturase from Mortierella alpina with a different substrate specificity to ole1p and ole2p -- MacKenzie et al.
		acid [26:1(n-9)], a fatty acid that is not normally present
		Abbreviations: 16:0, palmitic acid; 16:1, palmitoleic acid; 18:0, stearic acid; 18:1, oleic acid; 18:2, linoleic acid; 18:3,
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/148/6/1725 (380 words)

	Bing Guan's Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Bing Guan, Zhimin Liu, Buxing Han,Haike Yan, Solubility of behenic acid in supercritical CO2 with n-pentane or n-octane cosolvents, J.Chem.Eng.Data, 1999, 44, 1204-1206
		Bing Guan, Zhimin Liu, Buxing Han,Haike Yan, Solubility of behenic acid in supercritical carbon dioxide with ethanol, J.Supercritical Fluids, 1999, 14, 213-218
		Bing Guan, Buxing Han,Haike Yan, Effect of ethanol on the solubility of steric acid in supercritical CO2, 9th National conference on chemical thermodynamics and thermal analysis and Beijing international Huaxia conference in thermal analysis and calorimetry Abstract, 1998, Beijing, p.150-151
	www1.cs.luc.edu /~bguan/publications.html (216 words)

	CCM/Market Reports-/Production & Market of Behenic Acid in China
		This report discusses the behenic acid industry in China from aspects of production and Chinese manufacturer.
		Brief introduction to the consumption of behenic acid in China
		The current capacity of behenic acid is about xxxxMT/year.
	www.cnchemicals.com /maindocs/marketreports/maincontent/BehenicAcid.htm (222 words)

	behenic acid - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "behenic acid" is defined.
		behenic acid : Stedman's Online Medical Dictionary, 27th Edition [home, info]
		behenic acid : Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=behenic+acid&ls=all (91 words)

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