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	Aphra Behn - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A sketch of Aphra Behn by George Scharf from a portrait believed to be lost.
		She returned to England a widow in 1666 at the age of 26.
		She then became attached to the Court, and was probably dispatched as a political spy to Antwerp by Charles II.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aphra_Behn (454 words)

	§22. Aphra Behn. V. The Restoration Drama. Vol. 8. The Age of Dryden. The Cambridge History of English and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Behn is inventive in situations if not in whole plots, ingenious in keeping her figures in almost incessant action and in maintaining an interminable flow of vivacious dialogue.
		Behn treated a historical event of recent occurrence in the colony of Virginia—the rebellion, as it was called, of Nathaniel Bacon—and produced a result, with all its absurdities, of no small originality.
		Behn was a very gifted woman, compelled to write for bread in an age in which literature, and especially comedy, catered habitually to the lowest and most depraved of human inclinations.
	www.bartleby.com /218/0522.html (1041 words)

	Aphra Behn (1640-1689)
		BEHN, APHRA (otherwise AFRA, APHARA or AYFARA) (1640-1689), British dramatist and novelist, was baptized at Wye, Kent, in 1640.
		Behn brought her into high estimation at court, and--her husband having died by this time--Charles II employed her on secret service in the Netherlands during the Dutch war.
		Behn died on the 16th of April 1689, and was buried in the cloisters of Westminster Abbey.
	www.theatrehistory.com /british/behn001.html (347 words)

	Literary Encyclopedia: Behn, Aphra
		Behn dramatically exploited the presence of women on stage with scenes involving actresses dressing and undressing, and with cross-dressing plots which played on the novelty of seeing a woman in breeches; however, the actress was also the representative of the female playwright, a device manipulated by Behn in her audacious and defiant prologues and epilogues.
		Behn’s comedies and tragicomedies (Abdelazer, performed in 1676 and published 1677, was her only attempt at tragedy) are witty explorations of love and sexual desire, loveless and forced marriages and of the treatment of women as property to be exchanged amongst men in the marriage market.
		Behn repeatedly legitimates James’s reign through her manipulation of Stuart iconography and ideology, representing him as Jove, Mars, Caesar and the sun and defeating his political enemies; however, there is also an element of disillusionment and an awareness of the larger political picture within these apparently conventional panegyrics.
	www.litencyc.com /php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=332 (1966 words)

	Aphra Behn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Aphra Behn (circa 1640 - April 16, 1689), after John Dryden, was the most prolific dramatist of the Restoration, and considered to be the first professional woman writer.
		Although not much is known of her origins, it is said that Aphra Behn was born in Wye, England, on July 10 1640, to the wife of a barber.
		Aphra Behn Society Dedicated to encouraging and advancing research that focuses on issues of gender and/or women's role in the arts circa 1660-1800.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Aphra_Behn.html (470 words)

	[No title]
		Behn was born around 1640 in Wye, Kent, England (Townsend), but grew-up in Suriname, South America, where she made the acquaintance of the enslaved Negro prince Oroonoko—who would later become the subject of one of her novels.
		After her husband died circa 1666, Behn was hired by King Charles II as a spy in Antwerp, "sending back political and naval information" (Townsend).Because the king wouldn't pay for her return expenses, Behn was thrown in debtor's prison upon her return to England, but probably quickly released (Townsend).
		Apparently Behn's "opinions were unconventional, and because she openly expressed her viewpoints in her lifestyle and through her writing, she was seen as scandalous.
	www.chez.com /bigfish/behnaphr.html (550 words)

	[No title]
		"Behn's 'Disappointment' and Nashe's 'Choise of Valentines': Pornographic Poetry and the Influence of Anxiety." Essays in Literature 16(1989)2: 172-187.
		Heirs to 'Astrea's Vacant Throne': Behn's Influence on Trotter, Pix, Manley and Centlivre.
		Behn's The Widow Ranter: Historical Sources." South Atlantic Bulletin: A Quarterly Journal Devoted to Research and Teaching in the Modern Languages and Literatures 41(1976)4: 94-98.
	www.arts.uwaterloo.ca /ENGL/courses/engl710b/behnbib.html (956 words)

	Lynch, Bibliography for Behn's Oroonoko
		They conclude "Behn places her narrator and Imoinda in a relationship of exchange; they take part in a textual transaction in which both are feminized, but in which the white female gathers metaphysical traits unto herself and inscribes the fl female with physical value only" (pp.
		Since a female author was unwelcome in political discourse, Behn articulates her party politics "through the mirror of sexual politics, in which the feminine acts as substitute for the masculine.
		Grant considers Behn's sentimental account of slavery through its descendants in Southerne and Steele, and argues against considering Oroonoko as a "noble savage," a role he gives to the Indians of Surinam: "The idea of the 'noble savage' was attached to America rather than Africa" (p.
	andromeda.rutgers.edu /~jlynch/Biblio/behn.html (2856 words)

	Aphra Behn, Oroonoko
		Romance is one of the models for how to write prose fiction which were available to Behn, but as is typical for early women writers, she cannot simply pick up the genre given her by men and adopt its conventions without changing them.
		Behn's series of references to the execution of Charles I punctuate the text with linkages to Oroonoko's condition as a prince first unjustly imprisoned and then executed by men far inferior in character.
		However, Behn's probable Catholic upbringing would have exposed her to another narrative form that described such tortures as evidence of the highest moral character, the saint's life.
	faculty.goucher.edu /eng211/aphra_behn_oroonoko.htm (1459 words)

	New Statesman: The Secret Life of Aphra Behn. - book reviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Behn was a Royalist playwright, poet, novelist and spy; it's hard to tell if she ever spoke her mind.
		But probably Behn's parents were poor; she hated the "mobile" or mob with the fervour of a woman desperate to dissociate herself from it.
		Behn adored, without ever being quite part of, the "merry gang" of Rochester, Savile, Etherege: the young men who were at home in both worlds.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0FQP/is_n4313_v125/ai_19138523 (859 words)

	APHRA BEHN, Term Papers 2000, Term papers, 051117 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		It also explores how Behn's concern with masculinity is key to the construction of both the heroes and the authority figures and also to the depiction of the New World and the establishment of the beginnings of a capitalist society.
		Behn moved from her birthplace near Canterbury in England to Surinam in the West Indies during her childhood, her father died during the crossing, as did the narrators, so we assume that the narrator is Behn herself.
		Behn presents a theory of a "responsibility compact" that is in-line with the new public administration.
	www.termpapers2000.com /lib/essay/Aphra-Behn.html?a=search1 (2455 words)

	Aphra Behn
		Aphra Behn was England's first professional woman writer, but her status as a major author has only recently become clear.
		Between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries Behn was denigrated for her 'unwomanly' subject matter and intellectual immodesty.
		Born in 1640, Aphra Behn was a spy, poet, dramatist of the Restoration theater, and author of Oroonoko, one of the most popular novels of the time.
	www.queertheory.com /histories/b/behn_aphra.htm (686 words)

	Aphra Behn; Genesis of a Portrait
		The name Aphra Behn did not ring a bell in December 1992 when William Moffett, Director of the Huntington Library, asked if I would be interested in painting her portrait.
		Both books contain fl and white reproductions of the three known contemporary images of Aphra Behn; an engraving of a portrait thought to be by Mary Beale; and an engraving of a lost portrait by John Riley, and a portrait by Peter Lely, or perhaps his student, John Greenhill.
		In the photo, Behn appeared to have dark brown hair and dark eyes, and her clothing looked to be of silk or some other fine fabric.
	belchetz-swenson.com /AphraBehn.php (2713 words)

	Critical Edition of To the Fair Clarinda by Aphra Behn
		Behn's poem seems to borrow the pastoral scene for the setting of "To the Fair Clarinda" as a backdrop to her commentary on the gender inequality of her own contemporary scene.
		The poem, which could be "by a man to a woman, a woman to a man, a woman to a woman, one of either sex to a transvestite, or, as the last line suggests, a hermaphrodite" (Todd 381), forges the whole notion of male/female identity and distinction.
		Behn wanted 'Fame' in the masculine term of glory, not the feminine one of goodness, chastity and modesty, yet she also wanted to play at being a 'defenseless' woman.
	www.nku.edu /~issues/clarinda1/dickman.html (2648 words)

	Ari Behn - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ari Mikael Behn (born September 30, 1972) is a Norwegian author.
		He was born Bjørshol, but he later took his grandmother's name, Behn.
		He liked to pick flowers in Drangedal On May 24, 2002 he married Princess Märtha Louise of Norway, and on April 29, 2003 their daughter, Maud Angelica Behn, was born.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ari_Behn (133 words)

	Aphra Behn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In the meantime, she had entered court circles and was employed as a spy at Antwerp for King Charles II in the war against the Dutch (1665-1667).
		Aphra Behn's influence was later applauded by Virginia Woolf in A Room of One's Own, but during her own time she was suspected of plagiarism and accused of lewdness because of her gender.
		Aphra Behn died on April 16, 1689 and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
	www.distinguishedwomen.com /biographies/behn.html (306 words)

	Aphra Behn (1640-1689) Writer
		Behn was possibly the Eaffry Johnson born to Bartholomew and Elizabeth Johnson in 1640 in Harbledon near Canterbury; in which case, her father was a barber.
		Behn whose identity is not firmly established - he may have been a seaman, a merchant, or a figment of Behn's imagination, dreamed up to give her the respectability of widowhood.
		The attacks against her as a woman writer left her with a feminist consciousness in that she was aware of the disabilities of women as a group.
	www.pinn.net /~sunshine/whm2001/behn.html (1140 words)

	Aphra Behn -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Behn, a Dutch merchant, but was a widow in 1666 at the age of 26.
		She then became attached to the Court, and it has been suggested she was dispatched as a political spy to (A port in northern Belgium on the Scheldt river) Antwerp by (As Charles II he was Holy Roman Emperor and as Charles I he was king of France (1630-1685)) Charles II.
		Some of Aphra Behn's less-known works are available from the (additional info and facts about Women Writers Project) Women Writers Project.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/ap/aphra_behn.htm (371 words)

	Sukipot.com: The Sign of Angellica
		Behn chose not to sell herself but her wits and words, and was branded a whore for her efforts.
		Behn (of which nothing is known), she went to Antwerp as a spy for the crown.
		Aphra Behn was an outsider and an observer from the beginning, and much of her work reflects that.
	www.sukipot.com /angellica/astrea.html (682 words)

	JATW Panels
		Behn's short novel is of special interest in that its subject matter, the forced enslavement of a royal African prince, and its female narrator bring to the forefront two voices that have historically suffered social and economic disenfrancisement.
		Through the narrative structure of Oroonoko, Behn identifies the royal slaves with Western economic practices and erotic fantasy where her treatment of the African voice remains, like the African body, an economic property to be owned and traded.
		As a result, Behn's narrative authority is contingent upon the apt demonstration of her complete "command" of the novel's subject matter--namely, Oroonoko and Imoinda.
	www.unc.edu /~ottotwo/williams.html (580 words)

	Wilbert Behn, Lion Tamer, Aniwa, Wisconsin
		Wilbert Behn once carved a larger-than-life wooden version of himself with a chainsaw.
		Behn cracks the whip and barks his commands.
		Behn knows of only one other cat that has ever done this, and he trained his in 2 1/2 months.
	www.roadsideamerica.com /attract/WIANIbehn.html (770 words)

	Behn, Aphra on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		After the death of her husband, Aphra Behn became an English spy in the Dutch Wars (1665-67), adopting the pseudonym Astrea, under which she later published much of her verse.
		Her career as a secret agent was unsuccessful, and she returned to England exhausted and penniless, forced even to serve time in debtors' prison.
		Aphra Behn was famous for her lifestyle as well as her works; her denial of woman's subservience to man and her high-living, bohemian existence has led critics to describe her as the George Sand of the Restoration and a forerunner of the feminist movement.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/B/Behn-A1ph.asp (456 words)

	Aphra Behn - author of The Rover and Oroonoko
		The Restoration, as a period, was badly documented, and the institutions that did keep records, Oxford and Cambridge, the Inns of Court and the Middle Temple, excluded women from their ranks.
		Behn's life must depend on the writings she left behind, the voices of her characters, the repeated themes and expressions.
		Behn was fascinated with the entanglement of sex and power, both in the personal and political spheres.
	www.imagi-nation.com /moonstruck/clsc17.htm (284 words)

	Drama: Aphra Behn
		The Aphra Behn Society is dedicated to encouraging and advancing research that focuses on issues of gender and the roles played by women in the arts of early modern culture, circa 1660 to 800.
		But it is an interesting portrait of the settlement of the Virginias, based on her experience in the New World.
		The prefaces to Behn's plays treat important issues, such as the unequal education of women.
	www.bedfordstmartins.com /litlinks/drama/behn.htm (764 words)

	Behn Bibliography (O'Donnell) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Behn by a Gentlewoman of Her Acquaintance," in The Histories and Novels of the Late Ingenious Mrs.
		Harrison Platt, "Astrea and Celadon: An Untouched Portrait of Aphra Behn," PMLA 49 (1934), 544-59.
		Section on Behn is the most thorough examination of her poetry to date.
	www.c18.rutgers.edu /biblio/behn.html (3176 words)

	Aphra Behn Bio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Her wit and beauty caught the eye of the royal court and she was employed by Charles II in secret service in The Netherlands.
		Aphra Behn is considered the first professional English woman writer and originator of the novel in its modern form.
		This honor is often bestowed on Daniel Defoe, but Aphra Behn's Oroonoko (based on her stay with an English colony in Surinam in 1664) predates Defoe's Robinson Crusoe by some seventeen years.
	www.nyct.net /cosmicleopard/Behn_bio.html (279 words)

	Aphra Behn @ Catharton Authors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Aphra Behn is often said to be the first professional female writer although like most of her contemporaries very little hard evidence about Behn's life exists.
		During the 1660s, Mr Behn died and Aphra went to the Netherlands to spy for Charles II of England.
		Behn died on the 16th of April 1689 and was buried in London at Westminster Abbey.
	www.catharton.com /authors/2.htm (308 words)

	RPO -- Aphra Behn : The Disappointment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Behn's "On Desire a Pindarick," "To Lysander, who made some Verses on a Discourse of Loves Fire," "To Lysander, on some Verses he writ, and asking more for his Heart then 'twas worth," and "To Lysander at the Musick-Meeting." Lysander appears in Shakespeare's pastoral A Midsummer's Night's Dream as one of the lovers.
		Behn also ignores the second half of Cantenac's poem, where Lysander recovers his virility and cuckolds a husband, so that she can close with the calamitous effect of failure on him.
		Behn writes a psycho-sexual drama in "The Disappointment." The supernatural gods are only convenient labels for mysterious inner drives, the impatient passions that affect both lovers.
	eir.library.utoronto.ca /rpo/display/poem142.html (1871 words)

	Aphra Behn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Aphra Behn wurde eine gefeierte (Bühnen-)Autorin schrieb 19 Jahre lang Stücke Prosa Gedichte war als Übersetzerin tätig.
		Die Frauenbewegung ehrt Aphra Behn als eine ihrer und ihr Werk wurde von der englischen in den letzten 20 Jahren neu entdeckt erforscht.
		1677 - The Rover - Behns erfolgreichstes Theaterstück.
	www.uni-protokolle.de /Lexikon/Aphra_Behn.html (597 words)

	Sukipot.com: The Sign of Angellica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Aphra Behn -- poet, playwright, spy for the crown -- once seen as the epitome of lewdness and impropriety, but in later years held up as a different kind of example altogether.
		Behn's work, biographical and bibliographical sources, books on women and literature that include mention of Mrs.
		Behn, and general readings in critical and literary theory.
	www.sukipot.com /angellica (160 words)

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