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Topic: Belarusian SSR

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	Belarusian Language
		After the series of wars known in Polish history as the Deluge, the Belarusian population was halved, partly due to deaths, and partly due to the emigration of skilled craftsman and workers to Russia.
		On March 25, 1918, under German occupation the Belarusian People's Republic was proclaimed and although its period in history was brief, its inspiration lived on, and for once the official language of all communication in the BNR was Belarusian.
		Tarashkevitsa, Belarusian grammar of 1918 by Branislau Tarashkevich
	www.seattleluxury.com /encyclopedia/entry/Belarusian_language (2288 words)

	Belarusian Information Center - belarusian billiards history
		Belarusian (беларуская мова) is the language of the Belarusian nation.
		After the series of wars known in Polish history as the Deluge, the Belarusian population was halved, partly due to deaths, and partly due to the policy of deportations of skilled craftsman and workers to Russia by the occupying Russian army.
		The largest centre of Belarusian cultural activity, in the Belarusian language, outside Belarus is in the Polish province of Białystok, which is home to a long-established Belarusian minority.
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Official_Languages_A_-_C/Belarusian.html (1978 words)

	Byelorussian SSR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Byelorussian SSR (Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic; Belarusian: Беларуская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка; Russian: Белору́сская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика; abbreviated БССР, BSSR) was one of the four original founding members of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1922, together with the Ukrainian SSR, the Transcaucasian SFSR and the Russian SFSR.
		After the Polish-Soviet War ended in 1921, Byelorussian lands were split between Poland and the recreated Byelorussian SSR, which became a founding member of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1922.
		After World War II, the Byelorussian SSR was given a seat in the United Nations General Assembly together with the Soviet Union and Ukrainian SSR, becoming one of the founding members of the UN.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Belarusian_SSR.htm (288 words)

	Pravincyja. What is that? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Some of the most despairing Belarusian intellectuals even proposed that the Belarusian capital be moved from Minsk to a provincial town (for example, Navahradak) in order to prevent the concrete Moloch from devouring the „real Belarus”, which is purportedly embodied in provincial and country life.
		True or not, it should, however, be noted that many Belarusian regions (especially those in the country’s west and north) may be closer to „the heart of Belarusianness” than Minsk in the sense that their residents still speak Belarusian as well as follow some native traditions and customs in their everyday life.
		The authorities of the Belarusian SSR, which were working very hard to denationalize and Sovietize the main bulk of Belarusians, barred their citizens from any wider contacts with Poland’s Belarusian minority.
	pravincyja.republika.pl /whatis_en.htm (1184 words)

	Belarusian National Republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Belarusian People's Republic was pronounced on March 25, 1918 during World War I, when Belarus was occupied by the Germans according to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
		The areas were claimed because of a Belarusian majority according to demographic research, although there were also numbers of Lithuanians, Poles and people speaking pidgins of Belarusian, Lithuanian and Polish, as well as many Jews, mostly in towns and cities (in some towns they made up a majority).
		The BNR council has not done this because the BNR council views the current Belarusian government of the president Alexander Lukashenka's as an anti-Belarusian, anti-independence, anti-democratic power.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Belarusian_National_Republic (433 words)

	slounik.org: Vilnia \|\| Historical Dictionary of Belarus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		For a two-month period in 1919, Vilnia was the center of the Lithuanian-Belarusian SSR.
		Under the Soviet regime, Belarusian life in Vilnia was almost extinguished mainly as a result of political repression and deportations of Belarusian leaders.
		Lithuanians continued to help the Belarusian democratic opposition when it faced censorship from the Łukašenka regime, to publish several independent newspapers in Vilnia, which were then disseminated in Belarus.
	slounik.org /27665.html (365 words)

	Clinton Goveas :: Wikipedia Reference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Soviet Union was established in December 1922 as the union of the Russian (colloquially known as Bolshevist Russia), Ukrainian, Belarusian, and Transcaucasian Soviet republics ruled by Bolshevik parties.
		Modern revolutionary activity in the Russian Empire began with the Decembrist Revolt of 1825, and although serfdom was abolished in 1861, its abolition was achieved on terms unfavorable to the peasants and served to encourage revolutionaries.
		One republic, Karelo-Finnish SSR, was disbanded in 1956, and the territory formally became the Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) within the Russian SFSR.
	www.clintongoveas.com /wikipedia/?title=USSR (7263 words)

	Belarusian Literature
		The North American Association for Belarusian Studies (NAABS) is a non-profit scholarly organization which seeks to promote research, study, and teaching in all aspects of Belarusian studies, including the fields of history, language and linguistics, literature and the arts, cultural studies, sociology, anthropology and ethnography, political science, economics, and international relations.
		It is a poetical account of the Belarusian history as the nation in the heart of the Grand Duche of Lithuania.
		This poetical chronology was written by Jan Chachot - the first Belarusian Poet of the New Era - the founder of the tradition of the New Belarusian Poetry in the early XIX c.
	www.belarusguide.com /culture1/literature/index.htm (840 words)

	Translation agency IVEX Central Europe s.r.o.: translate from Belarusian, translate into Belarusian, Belarusian ...
		The adjectives "Belarusian" and "Belarusian" and many other forms emerged in the 1990s by English-speaking people to denote something or somebody of or pertaining to present-day name of Belarus, its people and the language they speak, whereas in Russian and Belarusian no new forms of the adjective appeared in those days.
		In this respect, a fact of note is that the official website of the Belarusian President (www.president.gov.by) is in two languages: Russian and English (as of 2005).
		The largest centre of Belarusian cultural activity, in the Belarusian language, outside Belarus is in the Polish province of Bialystok, which is home to a long-established Belarusian minority.
	www.ivextrans.eu /englang/belarusian.php (1455 words)

	Foundation For Endangered Languages. Home
		Non-Sovietized Belarusian culture and the Belarusian language are developed and supported mainly by non-governmental organizations and an ever dwindling number of intellectuals.
		Speaking Belarusian in Belarus is not only a means of communication but also a political declaration of loyalty to the country's indigenous cultural and historical heritage in defiance of the ruling regime.
		Some of the best-known Belarusian linguists have come out in support of the spelling used by "Nasha Niva." International human right organizations have protested, pointing that the State Press Committee's warning violates international law--in particular, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, to which Belarus is a signatory.
	www.ogmios.org /93.htm (1095 words)

	Notes on Belarusian Culture
		It was established that Belarusian art under Byzantine and Western European influences had adapted foreign forms to its own character as early as the twelfth century, developing a style of its own on the basis of its own native peculiarities.
		In the Belarusian parts of Lithuania, Latvia and Poland Belarusian schools, theaters, literature and art - which were later throttled by the chauvinism of the ruling circles - also developed successfully during this period.
		Therefore the Belarusian emigration which had taken an irreconcilably hostile position toward the Bolshevik order, believed that the Belarusian SSR could gradually evolve into a real Belarusian state by way of intensified cultural activity in a purely national direction.
	www.belarus-misc.org /diaspora/yurevich/articles/nobc.html (1810 words)

	Belarus News and Analysis \| Belarus-Poland Dispute Reflects Lukashenka's Growing Mistrust Of The West
		The Belarusian government was clearly irked by the removal of a fairly compliant leader of the BUP, Tadeusz Kruczkowski, in a March election, and his replacement by Andzelika Borys at the organization's Sixth Convention.
		The Belarusian media has also tried implicitly to elicit support from Russia, by highlighting the assault on the children of Russian diplomats in Warsaw by some 15 "hooligans" who robbed and beat them, leaving one with a concussion and another with a broken nose (Sovetskaya Belorussiya, August 2).
		In turn, the Belarusian government has periodically found the deployment of an (usually fictitious) external enemy to be a useful ploy for diverting attention from current problems and uniting the country prior to critical elections, such as the presidential elections of 2006.
	www.data.minsk.by /belarusnews/082005/19.html (884 words)

	IFEX ::
		It promotes Belarusian language and culture and national sovereignty, and uses the traditional Belarusian spelling ("tarashkevitsa") which was used in the 1920s.
		According to an appeal which "Nasha Niva" issued to the public after receiving this warning, the traditional form of the language which the newspaper uses has assumed the same symbolic significance as the national white-red-white flag and coat of arms of Belarus, whereas the 1933 spelling is identified with the symbols of the Soviet era.
		Under the 1994 Constitution, Belarusian was established as the official language (with the unrestricted use of Russian as the language of "interethnic communication").
	www.ifex.org /en/content/view/full/6686 (1835 words)

	ABM -- The Belarusian Language on Trial
		In 1997, the Belarusian National Assembly passed a law "On the Press and Other Media," which allowed the government in May 1998 to issue a warning against the biweekly Nasha Niva.
		The fundamental dividing line in Belarus is not between "democrats in general" and the Lukashenka regime as it is between democracy-supporting "Belarusian nationalists" and the Sovietized and Russianized segment of society led by the president and his allies.
		He also criticized those Belarusian intellectuals who "have voluntarily remained in the Belarusian SSR (Soviet Socialist Republic) in terms of spelling." The pre-1933 orthography was used at schools among some 2 million Belarusians in pre-war Poland and has never been abandoned by the Belarusian Diaspora.
	www.belarus-misc.org /ling-lot.htm (879 words)

	History of Belarus - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		Between the 9th and 12th century, the principality of Polatsk (northern Belarus) emerged as the dominant center of power on Belarusian territory, with a lesser role played by the principality of Turau in the south.
		From the 13th to 15th century, Baltic, Belarusian and Ukrainian lands were consolidated into the multi-ethnic Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Rus' and Samogitia, with its capital in Navahradak (in western Belarus) and later in Vilnia (now in the Belarusian-Lithuanian borderland).
		Until 1939 the territory of Belaru was divided into East Belarus (The Belarusian SSR) and West Belarus (Nowogrodek (Navaharodak), Bialystok (Bielastok), Polesia and Wilno (Vilnia) voivodships of the Second Polish Republic).
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=42761 (1816 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		Bykau was born on 19 June 1924 in the village of Bychki in Vitsebsk Oblast of the Belarusian SSR.
		Under the relaxations permitted in the name of glasnost and perestroika, Bykau was soon at the forefront of the Belarusian patriotic and cultural revival, becoming a prominent member of the pro-democracy, pro-independence Belarusian Popular Front, and of Martyraloh, the organization established to honor the victims of Stalin's purges in Belarus.
		Under Bykau's leadership, the Belarusian PEN Center fought these trends, issuing formal protests against the harassment of writers and editors and, in September 1995, hosting an international conference on freedom of expression.
	www.rferl.org /newsline/2003/07/5-NOT/not-090703.asp (1047 words)

	Belarusian language - TvWiki, the free encyclopedia
		On March 25, 1918, Belarusians proclaimed the independence of the Belarusian National Republic, but it was short-lived and didn't manage to stay independent.
		The Belarusian language was written not only in the Cyrillic alphabet, but previously also in its original Łacinka (лацінка - "Latin alphabet"), and also in Arabica (Arabic script, used by Tatars).
		In addition, the apostrophe is used between a consonant and the following "soft" (iotified) vowel (е ё, ю, я) to indicate that no palatalization of the preceding consonant takes place, and the vowel is pronounced in the same way as at the beginning of the word.
	www.tvwiki.tv /wiki/Belarusian_language (2025 words)

	[No title]
		Belarusians and Ukrainians were especially treated by the state as second-rate citizens in terms of their civil rights.
		Belarusian and Ukrainian historians, or at least those who have renounced the Soviet historiography tradition, offer interpretations of the significance of the 17 September anniversary that are more ambiguous.
		At a recent conference of Belarusian historians in Minsk, one delegate spoke for many when he argued that the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and its territorial consequences cannot be viewed as separate from the Polish-Bolshevik Treaty of Riga in 1921.
	www.infoukes.com /rfe-ukraine/1999/0917.html (1846 words)

	slounik.org: Niekraševič Ściapan \|\| The Belarusian Statehood (the beginning of the 20th c.) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Niekraševič initiated and conducted a conference of Belarusian soldiers in the city of Odessa in 1917.
		He shared the political principles of the Belarusian Democratic Republic and accepted an invitation to represent the Belarusian Government in the south of Ukraine.
		He was appointed the first Chairman of the Institute of Belarusian Culture, the forerunner of the Academy of Sciences of the Belarusian SSR.
	www.slounik.org /149449.html (274 words)

	<<>> Belarusian Literature in English Translations <<>>
		The Belarusian lands were partitioned, with the western territories going to the reborn Polish state, leaving a number of Belarusian writers now living beyond the new frontier.
		The Belarusian authors of 'war' stories were not, however, prepared to ignore the fate of their former symbiotes.
		A Belarusian chapter of the international writers' organization PEN was set up with, appropriately, Vasyl Bykau as its first chairman, and other Belarusian writers began to appear on the world literary stage, notably Valzhyna Mort, winner of the 'Crystal Vilenica 2004' poetry prize at the Vilenica poetry festival in Slovenia.
	kupala-library.iatp.by /bel_lit/introduction2.html (1653 words)

	Belarus » Blog Archive » À propos Belarusian intellectuals… (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Belarusians have already become almost identical with the Russians, therefore their resources of honor for sale have been exhausted.
		Unfortunately, what is written by Belarusian thinkers remains largely unknown among activists, partly because it’s very hard to publish and distribute independent publications, including research work, and partly because the universities are closed to any alternative to state-approved ideas.
		Would Belarusians have their Havel, one of these guys would be him, not “party workers” you take for “politicians”.
	www.tolblogs.org /belarus/en/?p=289 (2122 words)

	Belarus
		The Belarusian SSR was one of the most dynamic economic regions of the
		The south of the Republic is occupied by vast areas of Belarusian Polesje (wood land) which is a large waterlogged flat depression stretching for 450 km from the river Bug to the Dniepr.
		According to data from the Belarusian Research Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry the agricultural area polluted with caesium 137 was 1,500,000 ha and with strontium 90 nearly 500,000 ha.
	www.fao.org /ag/AGP/agpc/doc/Counprof/belarus/belarus.htm (4181 words)

	Belarus News and Analysis \| Post-Soviet Belarus: A Timeline
		21 February 2006: The Belarusian KGB stages a series of "preemptive" raids against opposition targets in the run-up to the March vote.
		June 2001: Two Belarusian investigators who fled to the United States accuse top Belarusian officials of running a death squad that kidnapped and killed former Interior Minister Yury Zakharanka, former Central Election Commission head Viktar Hanchar and his friend Anatol Krasouski, and ORT television camera operator Dzmitry Zavadzki.
		Lukashenka, who in 1995 called on Belarusians to ignore elections to the Supreme Soviet, gradually begins to run the country by presidential decrees.
	www.data.minsk.by /belarusnews/022006/125.html (1938 words)

	NASB Main Results 1992: Humanitarian Sciences and Arts
		The history of repressions against the Belarusian peasantry in 1928--1934 and the position of the BSSR leadership in solving the 'peasant's question' in the second half of 20's -- beginning of 30's was analyzed.
		The 40th volume entitled 'Poetry of the Belarusian Agricultural Calendar' and the 41st one entitled 'Exorcisms' of the fundamental code of the Belarusian folklore were published.
		A complex scientific analysis of the modern Belarusian orthography, especially of those specific aspects, which are most often criticized in native and foreign periodicals, has been given.
	www.ac.by /activities/anbfun92/r92ogum.html (1618 words)

	Belarus Quiz
		Belarusian Bolsheviks supported by the Bolshevik government in Moscow was established by force of arms.
		Belarusians were able to open their own primary schools, high schools, and teachers' colleges
		the Belarusian language was unofficially banned from official use, educational and cultural institutions, and the mass media
	www.geocities.com /debstaires/cwc/tests/QBelarus.html (2211 words)

	[No title]
		Later, under Soviet rule, the Belarusian people were divided between the Belarusian SSR, Poland, and direct Soviet rule.
		This is due to the fact that the Belarusian language was useful in differentiation from both Poles and Russians.
		In terms of nationalism itself, the majority of Belarusians still identify with the Orthodox Church (between 60 and 80%, depending on the source).
	sociologyesoscience.com /newsoc3.html (8642 words)

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