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	HistoryWiz: The Belgian Congo
		The result of international pressure was that Leopold's Congo Free State became the Belgian Congo, a colony administered by the government of Belgium.
		The Belgian Congo now operated much like the other African colonies.
		However, there continued to be abuses of imperialism in the Congo as in all African colonies.
	www.historywiz.com /belgiancongo.htm (139 words)

	The Chronicles of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle - Conan Doyle and the Belgian Congo
		Leopold II ascended to the throne of Belgium in 1865 at the age of 30.
		The movement was formed to aid the people of the Congo by drawing attention to their plight.
		Because of the Congo reform movement Leopold was forced turn administration of the Congo over to the Belgian government in 1908.
	www.siracd.com /work_congo.shtml (642 words)

	Congo
		The Congo had been one of the first colonies to be attempted, but it remained a mystery, but it is true that it opened a path which lead to the heart of the continent, it will be the key to conquest Central Africa.
		The Congo region of central Africa was one of the last regions of the world to be “discovered” and mapped by Europeans during a famous expedition undertaken by Henry Morton Stanley with the economic support of the Belgian Crown.
		The Belgian Congo is a historical survey of what was an African colony of Belguim with records of the worst colonial atrocities in Africa by Europeans and its horrific remnants.
	html.rincondelvago.com /congo.html (2020 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Congo (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Belgian Congo, former colony of Belgium in the present-day area of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
		The Congo territory was acquired formally by Leopold at the Conference of Berlin in 1885.
		The Congo is situated at the heart of the west-central portion of sub-Saharan Africa and is bounded by (Clockwise from the west) Angola, the Republic of Congo, the Central African Republic, the Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania across Lake Tanganyika, and Zambia.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Congo (1217 words)

	Belgian Congo Information
		The Belgian Congo was the formal title of present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) between King Léopold II's formal relinquishment of personal control over the state to Belgium on 15 November 1908, to the dawn of Congolese independence on 30 June 1960.
		The Belgian government controlled the country, but day-to-day operations were carried out by the governor general (see Colonial heads of Congo), who was appointed as a colonial administrator by the government.
		The Belgian Congo was one of the major exporters of uranium to the United States during World War II and the Cold War, particularly from the Shinkolobwe mine.
	www.bookrags.com /Belgian_Congo (1843 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Belgian Congo was the formal title of present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) between King LÃ©opold II's formal relinquishment of personal control over the state to Belgium on 15 November 1908, to the dawn of Congolese independence on 30 June 1960.
		The Belgian government controlled the country, but day-to-day operations were carried out by the governor general (see Colonial heads of Congo), who was appointed as a colonial administrator by the government.
		The Belgian Congo was one of the major exporters of uranium to the United States during World War II and the Cold War, particularly from the Shinkolobwe mine.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Belgian_Congo (1158 words)

	Jimmy Hodges Ministries International (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It borders the Central African Republic and Sudan on the north, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and Tanzania on the east, Zambia and Angola on the south, and the Republic of the Congo on the west.
		Formerly, the Belgian colony of the Belgian Congo, the country's post-independence name was changed in 1971, from Congo-Kinshasa (after its capital, to distinguish it from the Republic of Congo, or Congo-Brazzaville) to Zaire, until 1997.
		Congo was given to King Leopold II of Belgium in the Conference of Berlin in 1885.
	www.jhmi.ws /congo.html (1280 words)

	Heart of Darkness: : From Kongo to Congo: The History Of The Belgian Congo (To 1963) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The peoples of the Congo were exploited, the land was exploited, and it had always been the plan of Leopold, and the Belgian explorers.
		The Belgian colonization of the Congo was brutal.
		"Belgian administration in Congo might be described as a ‘colonial trinity.’ Three forces, namely the state, the missions, and the big companies, collaborated in the administration of the colony" (Gondola81).
	caxton.stockton.edu /hod/history (3577 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Congo
		Congo Belgium should remain in the position she held in consequence of the Convention of 1890; the third enumerated the proofs of the attachment which the king had for his country.
		Congo are rocky in their upper courses and cut their way by rapids from one terrace to another, until, on the great alleuvial plains of the centre, they form an immense network of from 9,000 to 11,000 miles of navigable water-ways and spread out fan-like from Leopoldville.
		Congo State has been declared property of the State; it is consequently at the absolute disposition of the sovereign-king, who has distributed it thus: (1) One-third constitutes the Domaine National, administered by a council of six charged with the task of developing its revenues.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04228a.htm (9473 words)

	[No title]
		Established as a Belgian colony in 1908, the Republic of the Congo gained its independence in 1960, but its early years were marred by political and social instability.
		Belgian Congo wins independence on June 30, 1960 and is renamed the Federal Republic of Congo.
		The Belgian Congo was supposedly deeded by a hazily defined group of local rulers to a private organization, something called the International Association of the Congo, a supposedly philanthropic, international development agency.
	www.lycos.com /info/congo--belgian-congo.html (639 words)

	Stereoviews of the Congo Free State and Belgian Congo (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Drums of Africa -- In the Village of Ikoko on Lake Ntomba, Belgian Congo.
		The Finery of a Native Hunter in the Belgian Congo, Africa.
		On a Steamer on the Lualaba River, Belgian Congo -- A Native Village at the Water's Edge.
	www.boondocksnet.com /stereo/congo.html (599 words)

	Tate Britain \| Past Exhibitions \| Seeing Africa - Timeline & Map
		The Congo Free State is confirmed as the private property of the Congo Society; ceding ownership of the entire territory of thirty million people and some two million square kilometers to King Leopold.
		Belgian painter Frans Hens arrives in the Congo.
		The paternalistic regime in the Belgian Congo continues - 99.6% of educational facilities are controlled by Christian missions, limiting native education to rudimentary reading and writing.
	www.tate.org.uk /britain/exhibitions/seeingafrica/timeline.shtm (767 words)

	Race Matters - Belgian Darkness (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The motivation for the crime was to avoid losing control over Congo's resources, but Belgium steadfastly denied any involvement until new evidence collected by a parliamentary commission last year confirmed the direct role of Belgian agents in carrying out and covering up the murder.
		Belgian intellectuals were conversant with a four-volume account of Leopold's Congo by the respected Belgian historian Jules Marchal as well as with other new histories of Europe's appropriation of Africa.
		In 1897, he built the Museum of the Congo — later the Museum of the Belgian Congo, today the Royal Museum for Central Africa — to house an exhibition devoted to animals, plants, ethnographical objects, sculptures and scenes of African life.
	www.racematters.org /belgiandarkness.htm (1263 words)

	CNN.com - Belgian premier, in Congo, heralds E.U. Africa focus - July 2, 2001
		Verhofstadt's decision to begin his six-month EU presidency in the Congo, at a time when the bloc is struggling to contain fighting in Macedonia and wrestling with internal dissent over enlargement, bore out a pledge to push Africa up the EU agenda.
		Belgian Foreign Minister Louis Michel promised last week to use the rotating presidency to create a common European strategy to promote peace and prosperity in Africa's Great Lakes region.
		The Belgian premier's visit is seen as a major step towards ending the Democratic Republic of Congo's isolation after the former colonial power distanced itself from veteran dictator Mobutu Sese Seko and Laurent Kabila, who toppled him in 1997.
	archives.cnn.com /2001/WORLD/africa/07/01/europe.africa.reut (529 words)

	Xlibris.Com Bookstore
		"The Red-Eye Fever, Adventures in the Belgian Congo," is a memoir by Elise Dallemagne-Cookson of her life in the Congo on a Foreign Service assignment that lasted from 1959 to the eve of the colony's independence a year later.
		This adventure was followed by many others in the company of several extraordinary people she met at the time the Congo was preparing to take its place in African history as the first country, south of the Sahara, to gain independence from its colonial rulers.
		Dallemagne-Cookson describes the Belgian settlers as refugees from World War II, who fled their war-torn country where many had been in German labor camps or who, as young boys, hid out in the woods during the war.
	www.xlibris.com /TheRed-EyeFever.html (994 words)

	L'État Indépendant du Congo, American Philosophical Society
		The Congo Free State was established in the lower Congo River Valley in 1885 and extended upriver into the mineral-rich Katanga Province by 1891.
		The activity of Arab slavers in eastern Congo was diminished in the mid-1890s.
		Mentions of the slave trade in eastern Congo suggest weakly that it may have been written in the mid-1890s, when the campaign against Arab slavers was at its most active.
	www.amphilsoc.org /library/mole/a/congo.htm (653 words)

	Belgian Congo
		As a Belgian citizen I find it to be my duty to speak out against our honorable king Leopold in an effort to spread the word of the atrocities that are occurring today in Belgium’s stake of the African continent.
		Once control over the Congo had been obtained, King Leopold realized it was going to be a large expense despite the vast riches the area contains.
		When Henry Morton Stanley was hired to begin exploration of the Congo none of us at home considered that this would lead to the death toll and the cruelty being procured in today’s Belgian Congo.(4) We must stop this senseless violence in favor of a more humane approach at profits.
	sun.menloschool.org /~sportman/modernworld/chapter8/2005/gblock/dcarrico (666 words)

	Congo 1960-1964 KH
		Within days of its independence from Belgium on 30 June 1960, the land long known as the Belgian Congo, and later as Zaire, was engulfed in strife and chaos as multiple individuals, tribes, and political groups struggled for dominance or independence.
		The Belgian intervention, which was a very violent one, was denounced harshly by the Soviet Union, as well as many countries from the Afro-Asian bloc, leading the UN Security Council on the 14th to authorize the withdrawal of Belgian troops and their replacement by a United Nations military force.
		The UN officials who led the Congo operation were Americans, in secret collaboration with the State Department, and in exclusion of the Soviet bloc; the latter's citizens who worked at the UN Secretariat were kept from seeing the Congo cables.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Blum/Congo_KH.html (1824 words)

	African History Essays - King Leopold and the Belgian Congo
		This was especially ironic because all natives of the country were either forced to give up their way of life in exchange for virtual slavery in the ivory trade, agriculture, or the rubber traffic, or die trying to escape fate.
		Leopold was undeterred by the amount of suffering and death in the Congo, brought on by his rule.
		Belgian soldiers and officials were known for their cruelty in their methods to make, and then keep, Congo natives working.
	www.123helpme.com /view.asp?id=26463 (902 words)

	Unasylva - Vol. 9, No. 2 - Shifting cultivation in the Belgian Congo
		Shifting cultivation in the Belgian Congo is not today regarded as a necessarily unsuitable type of agriculture, but rather as the inevitable outgrowth of various particular local factors.
		Beyond the sweep of the Congo River and south of the Kasai River, the ground rises gradually.
		Experiments conducted in the Congo forest zone prove, in fact, that the same piece of land can be cultivated continually without resorting to fallow, provided that large quantities of compost are applied every year.
	www.fao.org /docrep/x5375e/x5375e05.htm (4519 words)

	WWW-VL History Index
		Chronologies of the Provinces of Belgian Congo and Congo (Kinshasa)
		Cascon Case CON: Congo (Katanga) 1960-63 Outline of the revolt of Moise Tschombe in Katanga, 30 June 1960, and its aftermath.
		The UN in the Congo, by Keith Kyle.
	vlib.iue.it /history/africa/congo.html (1015 words)

	A belated trial of Belgian colonialism
		The night was chilly, that 17th of January 1961 in Katanga, the rich copper province of the former Belgian Congo.
		The mineral-rich Congo (a geologist once described the former Belgian colony as a "geological scandal") was plundered for 30 years in the most brutal way by Belgian, French and American imperialism and by the cleptocracy around Mobutu.
		Even the Belgian Communist Party was a supporter of the Belgian presence in the Congo because "socialism in one country" would not be possible in Belgium alone because of the lack of raw materials!
	www.marxist.com /Africa/lumumba.html (1347 words)

	BRIA(16:2) King Leopold, Heart of Darkness, Belgium, Congo, Rockefeller, Standard Oil, Monopoly, United States v. ...
		But Congo clan chiefs and African Muslim slave traders from upriver were happy to sell their slaves to the Portuguese and other Europeans who transported them to America.
		Of course, the people of the Congo took no part in the Berlin Conference and were unaware that their lives were about to tragically change.
		The Congo people rebelled by ambushing army units, fleeing their villages to hide in the wilderness, and setting the rubber vine forests on fire.
	www.crf-usa.org /bria/bria16_2.html (5715 words)

	License Plates of Belgian Congo (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Congo is a name shared by two neighbouring countries in Central Africa, largely drained by the Congo River and usually distinguished by their full official names and occasionally by adding their capital cities:
		The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC, DR Congo or Congo-Kinshasa, is the larger of the two countries.
		In the 1960's, the countries were sometimes distinguished by referring to the Republic of Congo as Congo and to the Democratic Republic of the Congo as The Congo.
	www.worldlicenseplates.com /world/AF_BCGO.html (137 words)

	Continental Airlines - History and Government (Zaire [Democratic Republic of Congo])
		The Belgians provided nothing other than the minimum infrastructure necessary to support the extraction of the country’s vast mineral wealth, setting a pattern which has dominated this benighted country ever since.
		The Belgian Congo was duly granted independence, with minimal preparation, in 1960.
		With the support of the Americans and Belgians, and exploiting the country’s myriad factional, tribal and regional disputes, the government was deposed after six months in an army coup led by Colonel Joseph Mobutu.
	www.continental.com /web/es/apps/travel/guide/CountryDetail.aspx?code=zar&Section=History+and+Government (1001 words)

	Belgian Congo - Encyclopedia.com
		Belgian Congo see Congo, Democratic Republic of the.
		Congo: elections and the battle for mineral resources.
		Caledonia Announces a Joint Venture Agreement With SODIMICO Over Two Concessions in the Katanga Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-X-BelgianC.html (390 words)

	BELGIAN POLICE in former BELGIAN CONGO
		In order to help the visitor to situate in the time the former Belgian Congo and the actual free country, the different names and flags in use from 1960 until now are reproduces hereunder.
		That house, as well as another house called "Hecq Congo", also in Brussels, were specialized in colonial equipment and very well known all over Belgium.
		Those pictures are due to the courtesy of the MRA in Brussels which has the original publication in its collections.
	users.skynet.be /bs171567/CM1_2/p_belgian_police_congo.htm (410 words)

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