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Topic: Belgian Parliament

	Belgium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The bicameral parliament is composed of a Senate and a Chamber of Representatives.
		Both the Dutch spoken in Belgium and the Belgian French have minor differences in vocabulary and semantic nuances from the varieties spoken in the Netherlands and France.
		Belgians have a reputation for loving waffles and French fries, actually both originally from Belgium; the national food is steak (or mussels) with French fries and lettuce.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Belgium (4436 words)

	Politics of Belgium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Belgian Parliament consists of the Senate (Dutch: Senaat, French: Sénat) and the Chamber of Representatives (Dutch: Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers, French: Chambre des Représentants).
		The community and regional parliaments are elected every five years, and their elections coincide with those for the European Parliament.
		From the creation of the Belgian state in 1830 and throughout most of the 19th century, two political parties dominated Belgian politics: the Catholic Party (Church-oriented and conservative) and the Liberal Party (anti-clerical and progressive).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Politics_of_Belgium (4707 words)

	Belgium - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Belgium
		In the later 19th century the Belgian king Leopold II acquired the Congo Free State (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo; formerly known as Zaire) as his personal fiefdom, and this was recognized by the other European powers in 1885.
		Although the majority of the Belgians relied on the 1839 treaty guaranteeing Belgian neutrality, especially as it had been respected during the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, it had been the policy of Leopold II to make Belgium secure from invasion, and this policy was also adopted by Albert.
		Meanwhile the remains of the Belgian army were stationed on the extreme left of the Allied front, having withstood severe fighting at the Battle of the Yser.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Belgium (4427 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Belgian Congo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		On November 15, 1908, King Léopold II of Belgium formally relinquished personal control of the Congo Free State and the renamed Belgian Congo came under the administration of the Belgian parliament, a system which lasted until independence was granted in 1960.
		The head of the state remained the King of the Belgians, but day to day operations were carried out by the governor general, who was appointed as a colonial administrator by the parliament.
		The Belgian Congo was one of the major exporters of uranium to the United States during World War II and the Cold War (Shinkolobwe mine).
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Belgian_Congo (454 words)

	Belgium Government Information
		The allocation of powers between the Parliament and the Cabinet is somewhat similar to the United States--the Parliament enacts legislation and appropriates funds--but the Belgian Parliament does not have the same degree of independent poser that the U.S. Congress has.
		Belgian voters are given the option to vote for a party ticket, or for individual candidates on one party ticket.
		Flemish Parliament with the Flemish Government for regional, educational, and cultural affairs; Walloon Regional Council (legislator) and government for Walloon Regional Affairs; Francophone Community Council and government for Francophone cultural and educational affairs; Brussels Regional Council and government for Brussels regional affairs; and German language Community Council and government for cultural and educational affairs.
	www.traveldocs.com /be/govern.htm (3073 words)

	Belgium (06/05)
		The Belgian Parliament consists of a Senate and a House of Representatives.
		The allocation of powers between the Parliament and the Council of Ministers is somewhat similar to the United States--the Parliament enacts legislation and appropriates funds--but the Belgian Parliament does not have the same degree of independent power that the U.S. Congress has.
		Of the 21 Senators representing the communities, 10 are elected by the Flemish Parliament, 10 by the French Community Parliament, and 1 by the German-language Parliament.
	www.state.gov /outofdate/bgn/b/60336.htm (5303 words)

	LLRX -- Research Guide to Belgian Law
		The Belgian state was formed as a constitutional monarchy in 1830, as a compromise between French and Dutch claims, appeased by the British government.
		Once ratified by Parliament (in some cases the question may rise which of the six (!) parliaments has to ratify!), a law ratifiing the treaty is voted.
		It holds every piece of new legislation from all parliaments and governments: "acts" (loi/wet) by the federal parliament, "decrees" (décret/decreet) by the regional parliaments and all kinds of statutory instruments: "Arrêté royal" ("Koninklijk Besluit"), "Arrêté ministeriel" ("Ministerieel Besluit"), and all "arrêtés" or "besluiten" by the various regional governments.
	www.llrx.com /features/belgian.htm (6502 words)

	Belgian parliament guts "genocide law" to appease Bush administration
		The Belgian parliament has effectively gutted the country’s 1993 “genocide law”, allowing the government to dismiss a series of cases against foreign political leaders including Ariel Sharon and George Bush senior.
		The law of “universal jurisdiction” had enabled the Belgian courts to hear cases involving genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity regardless of where they were committed or whether the suspects or victims were Belgian.
		The only successful case brought under the law of “universal jurisdiction” was against four Rwandans, who were jailed for up to 15 years in 2001 for their part in the 1994 genocide, when Hutu militias massacred up to one million people, mainly of the minority Tutsis.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2003/apr2003/belg-a15.shtml (549 words)

	Court Diary 18 - Human Rights Watch issues appeal to the Belgian government not to dismiss the Sabra & Shatila case war ...
		The Belgian Supreme Court, in a February decision on a complaint by victims of a 1982 massacre of civilians in the Palestinian refugee camps of Sabra and Shatilla, upheld the law against legal challenges, while ruling that top sitting state officials, such as Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, enjoyed immunity from Belgian courts.
		A Belgian judge and police team visited Chad last year to investigate the charges against Habre who lives in exile in Senegal, where he was indicted three years ago on atrocity charges before the Senegalese courts ruled that he could not be tried there.
		A 1993 law gives Belgian courts the authority to hear criminal complaints by victims accusing officials of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes abroad, regardless of where the crimes took place, whether the suspect or the victims are Belgian and whether the accused is in Belgium.
	www.indictsharon.net /case-diary18.shtml (1186 words)

	BELGIUM APPROVES BILL ON EUTHANASIA The Belgian parliament has approved a Bill on euthanasia
		The Belgian parliament has approved a Bill on euthanasia, making it only the second country in Europe to legislate to give terminally-ill patients the right to die.
		BRUSSELS (Reuters Health) - Belgian doctors are opposed to a new law expected to be passed by the country's lower house of parliament this week that will make it the second nation in Europe, after the Netherlands, to decriminalise euthanasia.
		But doctors from the Belgian Medical Association told Reuters Health they are concerned the law will permit euthanasia in cases where a patient has an incurable disease but still has years to live.
	www.chninternational.com /belgium_approves_bill_on_euthana.htm (992 words)

	Monthly Journal - No.15
		The 104th Inter-Parliamentary Conference, held in Jakarta (15-21 October 2000) at the invitation of the Indonesian Parliament, adopted four resolutions, including one on the question "Are embargoes and economic sanctions still ethically acceptable, do they still work, and are they suited to achieving their purpose in an ever more globalised world?".
		The Belgian Group also wished to raise the issue of economic sanctions implemented by States or groups of States in connection with their foreign policy, as such sanctions pose specific problems.
		However, the Belgian Group was not in agreement with this point, as worded in the resolution, because it called for the unconditional lifting of sanctions and in particular without imposing any obligation on the country targeted.
	www.ipu.org /press-e/Jrn15.htm (2709 words)

	War Crimes Suits Filed In Belgium Against Bush, Blair
		But the Belgian cabinet quickly passed them on to US and British authorities, in line with a precedent set last month when US military officials including General Franks were accused under the law of war crimes in Iraq.
		A recent revision to the universal competence law by the Belgian parliament allowed such a move where the accused is not Belgian and his or her country has adequate war crimes legislation in place.
		The Belgian government is seeking to deflect the storm of international criticism of the law, under which suits have also been brought against Israeli officials including Prime Minister Ariel Sharon.
	www.rense.com /general38/belg.htm (595 words)

	The Flemish Republic
		Belgium’s federal Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt is pressuring the Flemish Parliament to ratify the EU Constitution before the end of this year, which would allow Belgium to join the small group of nations that has already approved the constitution.
		Owing to the Belgian federal structure, however, the Flemish majority is minorised within Belgium, where the French-speaking Walloon minority has half of the seats in government and can veto all decisions in parliament.
		At the western end lies the Belgian parliament and the office of Verhofstadt, whose residence is called Lambermont House — the “Lambermonster.” The VB hopes to slay the two monsters and is not keen on replacing the little Belgian monster by the bigger European one.
	www.flemishrepublic.org /current_issue.php?id=45 (452 words)

	Belgian parliament OKs bill granting voting rights to immigrants \| The San Diego Union-Tribune
		The vote passed the lower house of parliament 80-58, with three abstentions.
		They will not have the right to vote in national or European Parliament elections, nor can they run as candidates in elections unless they are Belgian citizens.
		Under EU laws, citizens of the 15 member nations have the right to vote and run for office in their country of residence for local and European Parliament elections.
	www.signonsandiego.com /uniontrib/20040221/news_1n21belgium.html (362 words)

	UCKG :: Belgian parliament to appeal ruling on religious sect
		BRUSSELS — The Belgian Parliament is to appeal in the Supreme Court a ruling by the Brussels appeals court upholding a complaint by a religious sect.
		The court ruled that the parliament investigation commission acted carelessly when compiling in 1997 a report over religious sects in Belgium.
		The parliament was ordered to pay the church and three of its directors a symbolical amount of EUR 1 in damages and publish the finding in newspapers 'De Standaard' and 'Le Soir' on Saturday.
	www.religionnewsblog.com /12138 (506 words)

	MERGER Vol 5 No 1 - Debate
		On this last issue the ensuing debate was narrowly defined by the compulsory accommodation of Belgian legislation to the provisions of the Treaty of Maastricht, more precisely to the provisions of article 8 which sets out the principles of the citizenship of the European Union.
		Two fundamental points still need to be tackled by the Belgian parliament: first will the enfranchisement of foreigners be limited to European citizens residing in Belgium who do not hold Belgian nationality and second, whether or not specific conditions will be laid down in the electoral law for the implementation of such a decision.
		For example, the Walloon parliament recently declared its opposition to implementing the exceptions, negotiated by the Belgian government at the European summit in Essen, to allow the refusal of voting rights to foreigners within municipalities where they exceed the Belgian population by 20 per cent.
	www.ercomer.org /merger/vol5no1/Debate.html (2857 words)

	Belgium News Report 2000-05
		The Belgian senate on Thursday approved a bill allowing gay and lesbian marriages, paving the way for the country to be only the second in Europe to do so.
		Belgian Law dictates that foreigners stick to the rules of their native country.
		The Belgian parliament has been discussing adoption rights for same-sex couples in recent months and a vote is expected after the summer recess.
	www.globalgayz.com /belgium-news.html (2526 words)

	Human Rights Watch: Europe and Central Asia : Belgium
		The Belgian Supreme Court decision permitting an inquiry into the 1982 massacre of civilians in the Palestinian refugee camps of Sabra and Shatilla is a landmark step for international law, Human Rights Watch said today.
		The Belgian Parliament is currently considering amendments to Belgium's 1993 war-crimes legislation, known as the "anti-atrocity" or "universal jurisdiction" law.
		This proposal overrules these negative decisions and clearly reaffirms that the presence of the accused on Belgian territory is NOT a condition for application of the 1993 law, which had been amended in 1999.
	www.hrw.org /doc?t=europe&c=belgiu&document_limit=20,20 (1147 words)

	Belgian Science Policy - Space research and applications : Earth observation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		On June 28, 2005, the Belgian Federal Parliament adopted the law on the activities of launching, of flight operations or guidance of space objects.
		This law also establishes a National Register of Space Objects which should make possible the registration by Belgium of satellites or other spacecrafts of which it would be the Launching State, according to the provisions of the UN space treaties.
		Finally, the law organise between the Belgian State and the operator, a system of sharing of the liability for the damage caused by the space object.
	www.belspo.be /belspo/res/rech/spatres/loispat_en.stm (207 words)

	Honda Acura Forum - Tech Performance Forums : Civic, Integra, Accord - F1:Belgian Parliament Trying to Restore Spa to ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		It may be a classic case of politicians closing the barn door after the horse has already bolted, but the Belgian government has taken action aimed at restoring the Belgian Grand Prix at Spa-Francorchamps to the Formula calendar.
		Belgian senators have voting in favor of postponing the introduction of a national tobacco advertising ban until 2006, which would bring Belgium in line with legislation previously adopted by all countries of the European Union.
		The Belgian government is hopeful that the race can be reinstated on the next year’s schedule.
	www.superhonda.com /forum/showthread.php?t=82158 (330 words)

	Belgian Parliament Allows Claes To Be Indicted on Fraud Charges
		Belgium's parliament voted overwhelmingly Thursday night to strip NATO Secretary General Willy Claes of immunity and permit his indictment on forgery and fraud charges in a defense corruption scandal.
		The parliamentary vote was needed to strip Claes of the immunity he gained as Belgian economics minister in the late 1980s.
		But the issue resurfaced with even greater virulence earlier this month when the Cour de Cassation accused the secretary general of corruption and recommended that parliament revoke Claes's immunity so that he can be indicted.
	www-tech.mit.edu /V115/N50/belgian.50w.html (465 words)

	JURIST Belgium - Belgian law, legal research, human rights
		A main political function is to designate a political leader to attempt to form a new cabinet after an election or the resignation of a cabinet.
		The Belgian Parliament consists of a Senate and a House of Representatives (the Chamber).
		The Belgian Government generally respected the human rights of its citizens in 2001, and the law and the judiciary provide effective means of dealing with individual instances of abuse.
	jurist.law.pitt.edu /world/belgi.htm (376 words)

	Untitled
		The Belgian House of Representatives, having regard to its previous resolution 603/6-95/96 - unanimouly adopted on March 13, 1997, requests the Members of the United States Congress to organize a hearing into the circumstances which led to Peltier's charge and conviction of two life sentences, for the murder of two FBI agents.
		These past years, historian analysts are more drawn to the theory that there was indeed, without a doubt, an organized campaign to annihilate the indigenous population of the Americas.
		With this resolution Belgium joins the European Parliament, numerous governmental officials such as Nelson Mandela, Desmond Tutu, José Ramos-Horta, numerous non-governmental organisations such as Amnesty International, as well as dozens Members of the U.S.Congress, who have been asking justice for Leonard Peltier for years now.
	www.1worldcommunication.org /belgianparliament.htm (1474 words)

	Democratic republic of the Congo
		A cycle of atrocity introduced by King Leopold II of Belgium in the late nineteenth century has flared up increasingly in recent years and resulted in what some commentators are calling “Africa’s Great War” with up to twelve armies representing nation states and rebel groups using the country as their battleground.
		In 1908 the Belgian parliament took over the administration of the area and renamed it the Belgian Congo.
		By actively and often violently retarding the educational opportunities of the Congolese and not at least developing institutions which would outlast their rule, the Belgians must carry some of the guilt for what is occurring in the region today.
	www.papa.essortment.com /democraticrepub_raob.htm (600 words)

	Inter-parliamentary Group for Tibet established in the Federal Belgian Parliament - www.phayul.com
		An Inter-parliamentary Group for Tibet was officially established in the Federal Belgian Parliament on Wednesday, 17th November 2004 comprising members from all the major national political parties.
		To this effect an official inauguration function was arranged in the Parliament in the presence of Representative from the Office of Tibet, Brussels.
		The launching function was attended by the representatives from the Belgian Tibetan community and the Belgian Tibet Support Group as special invitees to this occasion.
	www.phayul.com /news/article.aspx?id=8229 (597 words)

	Press release - Brussels No.2
		At the invitation of the Belgian Federal Parliament, the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) will hold its 101st Conference and related meetings from 10 to 16 April in Brussels, on the premises of the European Parliament - a first for the IPU.
		The Russian Federation Parliament has proposed that "The situation in the Balkans and parliamentarians' role in putting an end to the escalation of the NATO aggression against Yugoslavia and in normalising the situation in the region" be placed on the agenda.
		Several IPU Committee will meet on the fringe of the Conference to tackle such questions as the human rights of parliamentarians (settlement of cases of parliamentarians who are victims of arbitrary measures), security and co-operation in the Mediterranean (CSCM), the situation in Cyprus and that in the Middle East.
	www.ipu.org /press-e/brsl2.htm (765 words)

	JINSA Online -- #310 Belgian War Crimes: Issues for Israel, Part I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		The original law suffered setbacks in both the International Court of Justice and in Belgian courts, so the Belgian parliament is trying again - with the expressed intention of bringing charges against Ariel Sharon for the actions of Lebanese militias in Lebanon in 1982.
		The first is that the Belgian government decides when evidence reaches the proportion of a potential "war crime." Nothing makes Belgium - with its terrible legacy of brutal colonialism in Africa and its complicity in the disposition of Europe's Jews - an appropriate arbiter of the world's morality.
		The Belgians point with pride to the fact that Arafat may be charged as well, but this profession of "even handedness" may be the most objectionable part of the law.
	www.jinsa.org /articles/articles.html/function/view/categoryid/122/documentid/1905/history/3,2359,650,122,1905 (438 words)

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