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Topic: Belgian monarchy

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	Belgian monarchy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The latter phrase indicates a popular monarchy linked to the people of Belgium, whereas the former would indicate standard constitutional or absolute monarchy linked to territory and a state.
		It is also noteworthy that Belgium is the only current European monarchy that does not apply the tradition of the new king automatically ascending the throne upon the death or abdication of the former king.
		For example, the current heir apparent is called Philippe in French and Filip in Dutch; the fifth King of the Belgians was Baudouin in French and Boudewijn in Dutch; the three kings who are known as Léopold in French are known as Leopold (without accent) in Dutch.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_Belgian_monarchs (704 words)

	Belgium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Both the Dutch spoken in Belgium and the Belgian French have minor differences in vocabulary and semantic nuances from the varieties spoken in France and the Netherlands.
		Mirroring the historical political conflicts between the freethought and Catholic segments of the population, the Belgian educational system in each communities is split into a laïque branch controlled by the communities, the provinces, or the municipalities, and a subsidised religious—mostly Catholic—branch controlled by both the communities and the religious authorities—usually the dioceses.
		Belgians have a reputation for loving waffles and French fries, actually both originally from Belgium; the national food is steak (or mussels) with French fries and lettuce.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Belgium (4205 words)

	Constitutional monarchy - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Modern constitutional monarchies usually implement the concept of trias politica, and have the monarch as the (symbolic) head of the executive branch.
		There have been monarchies which have coexisted with constitutions which were fascist (or quasi-fascist), as was the case in Italy, Japan and Spain, or those in which the government is run as a military dictatorship, as was the case in Thailand.
		The removal of formal reserve powers from the monarchy is another common measure in which a party may chose to "de-politicize" the monarchy, yet not scrap the entire institution.
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /c/co/constitutional_monarchy.html (1962 words)

	Belgium - The monarchy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This was the beginning of the Belgian dynasty, the first in these provinces to be chosen directly by the elected representatives of the nation.
		Belgian kings have always regarded these two points as one of their special obligations.
		In the course of contemporary Belgian history, the interpretation of this text has aroused controversy and even conflict between some of the country's sovereigns and their governments.
	www.diplomatie.be /en/belgium/belgiumdetail.asp?TEXTID=1578 (1999 words)

	Constitutional monarchy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		As well as the strict definitions, restrictions exist as to the manner by which these definitions may be changed, with constitutional amendment s being passed either by plebiscite (also called referendum), by weighted majorities in parliament or by the voting through of an amendment by two successive parliaments, with a general election in between.
		An absolute monarchy is a government ruled by one man or woman, termed a monarch and bearing a title based on their position.
		Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, The The European monarchy whose dominions have for their main life-distributing artery the River Danube, in its course from Engelhartszell, near Passau, to Orsova.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Constitutional_monarchy.html (3202 words)

	Royalty.nu - The History of Belgium - Belgian Royalty
		Belgians were used to self-government, but in the 1780s the Habsburg emperor Joseph II tried to centralize the government in Vienna.
		Philippe was born in 1960, Astrid in 1962, and Laurent in 1963.
		Prince Amadeo was born in 1986, Maria Laura in 1988, Joachim in 1991, Luisa Maria in 1995, and Laetitia Maria in 2003.
	www.royalty.nu /Europe/Belgium.html (2589 words)

	Constitutional monarchy Article, Constitutionalmonarchy Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Today, constitutional monarchy is almost always combined with representative democracy, and represents a compromise between theories of sovereignty which placesovereignty in the hands of the people, and those that see a role for tradition in the theory of government.
		The concept of constitutional monarchy owes its origin to the absolute monarchies of the later Middle Ages, wheregovernmental authority was exercised by the monarch and his (or in rare occasions her) government.
		It is said in constitutional monarchies that the monarch "reigns but does not rule." Most modern constitutional monarchies owetheir origins to systems in which the monarch not merely reigned but governed, as in the absolute monarchies which replaced aristocratic systems in the Renaissance.
	www.anoca.org /monarch/queen/constitutional_monarchy.html (1830 words)

	boys clothing: European royalty -- Belgium
		Belgian merchants became wealthy and the Lowlands incliding the Netherlands and Belgium became one of the most prosperous areas of Europe.
		The excesses of the Belgians were brutal in an era that showed little sympathy with the native population of Africa.
		The Belgian Army was devestated and Leopold not fully understanding the true character of the NAZIs decided to surrender to the Germans.
	histclo.com /royal/bel/royal-bel.htm (2849 words)

	JURIST Belgium - Belgian law, legal research, human rights
		The Belgian Parliament consists of a Senate and a House of Representatives (the Chamber).
		The judicial system is organized according to specialization and territorial jurisdiction, with 5 territorial levels: Canton (225), district (27), provinces and Brussels (11), courts of appeal (5), and the Cour de Cassation, which is the highest appeals court.
		The Belgian Government generally respected the human rights of its citizens in 2001, and the law and the judiciary provide effective means of dealing with individual instances of abuse.
	jurist.law.pitt.edu /world/belgi.htm (376 words)

	List of Belgian monarchs: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Albert i (april 8, 1875 - february 17, 1934) was the third king of the belgians....
		Absolute monarchy is an idealized form of government, a monarchy where the ruler has the power to rule his or her country and citizens freely with no laws...
		German (called deutsch in german; in german the term germanisch is equivalent to english germanic), is a member of the western group of germanic...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/li/list_of_belgian_monarchs.htm (1224 words)

	Royal Shenanigans By Alexander Chancellor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A scandal rocked the Belgian monarchy when it was revealed Thursday that much-respected King Albert II has an illegitimate daughter working as an artist in London.
		Another leading Belgian paper, La Meuse, expressed regret that "the last symbol of a united Belgium is sinking into the bedclothes," but in general the press was less condemnatory of the king's adultery than of the intrusion into his private life.
		Boel was raised by the baroness and her former husband, a Belgian industrialist, after the queen refused to accept her as part of the royal family.
	www.slate.com /id/37532 (940 words)

	Worldroots.com
		Queen Elisabeth of the Belgians nee Dss Elisabeth in Bavaria
		Engagement of Prince Laurent of the Belgians *1963
		Liliane Baels, Princess of the Belgians and Princess deRethy
	worldroots.com /brigitte/royal/royal16a.htm (394 words)

	The EU at a glance - European Governments on-line - Belgium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It also introduces the monarchy and the Government, for which it serves as a portal site, and houses a database of press releases.
		The official website of the Belgian Monarchy offers a description of the royal family and the royal palaces as well as the history of the Belgian Monarchy.
		The portal of the Belgian federal authorities is intended for three types of user: the general public, businesses and civil servants.
	europa.eu /abc/governments/belgium/index_en.htm (283 words)

	Belgian Royal Family
		The Belgian crown was originally offered to Prince Louise of Orleans (Duke of Nemours) but this was rejected by his father King Louis-Philippe I of France.
		A Belgian uprising in 1830 resulted in an enforced separation of the two countries but it wasn't until 19 April 1839 that King Willem I of the Netherlands accepted a settlement and the independent and neutral state of Belgium came into being.
		In a referendum on 2 June 1946 12.7 million Italians voted in favour of a republic and 10.7 million for the retention of the monarchy.
	www.btinternet.com /~allan_raymond/Belgian_Royal_Family.htm (1360 words)

	Belgium Biography @ NaturalResearch.org (Natural Research) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Other important younger parties are the Green parties and, especially in Flanders, the nationalist and far-right parties.
		The areas with the highest population density are around the Brussels-Antwerp-Gent-Leuven agglomerations, also known as the Flemish Diamond, as well as other important urban centres as Liège, Charleroi, Kortrijk, Bruges, Hasselt and Namur.
		Brands of Belgian chocolate, like Neuhaus, are world renowned and widely sold; even the cheapest and most popular brand, Leonidas, has earned a reputation for its quality.
	www.naturalresearch.org /encyclopedia/Belgium (3518 words)

	Expatica's Belgian news in English: What role for a Belgian monarch?
		However, the Liberal parties FDF and MR in the economically stagnating Wallonia claimed that Flemish attacks against the monarchy are an attack against the federal Belgian state in the name of Flanders' independence.
		And while 49 percent of Belgians think Prince Filip is not ready to ascend the throne, 65 percent of Flemish people think the prince is not ready, compared with just 30 percent in Wallonia.
		The role of the monarchy is thus up for discussion and as constitutional reform talks loom next year, the future role of King Filip could clearly be on the political agenda alongside important socio-economic issues.
	www.expatica.com /source/site_article.asp?subchannel_id=24&story_id=28879&RSS (1086 words)

	BBC News \| EUROPE \| Belgium defends king against 'assault'
		The book, which reproduces what it says are extracts of an official investigation of the King, has been interpreted by the Belgian media as an attempt to topple the monarchy.
		The Belgian daily newspaper, Le Soir, accused Mr Nicolas of trying to obtain "the head of the King, and also of Belgium itself".
		Marc Dutroux, a convicted child rapist at the centre of a national paedophilia scandal in the 1990s, is awaiting trial on further charges of raping and killing four teenage girls.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/1550250.stm (331 words)

	Nelson -Political Science/Contemporary Political Issues, Fourth Edition/Introduction to Executives
		In "constitutional monarchies" such as in Canada, Britain, and Belgium, the royal family is limited almost entirely to performing symbolic functions.
		In 1998, a report of the Constitutional Convention recommended that a referendum be held on replacing the British monarch as Australia's head of state with an official elected by the two houses of parliament.
		Even in some monarchies this dual role is filled by the monarch; for example, you can read about the present King Fahd of Saudi Arabia and how he directs the government's decision making.
	www.nelson.com /nelson/polisci/IntroToPolisci/ContemporaryPoliticalIssues4e/introexec.html (930 words)

	All is not round in the world 10/17/05
		The Belgian Congo is (so far) the longest-lived incarnation of the region now know as the Congo Democratic Republic.
		During its 52-year life, the Belgian Parliament appointed a governor general to run the nation, though the heads of state remained the Belgian monarchy.
		A related Belgian colony was Ruanda-Urundi, separate kingdoms that had been annexed by Germany, becoming part of German East Africa before being turned over to Belgium after World War I. Both the Belgian Congo and Ruanda-Urundi were League of Nation mandates, and later, United Nations trust territories.
	www.coinworld.com /news/102405/BW_1024.asp (2103 words)

	Belgian monarchy - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Belgian monarchy - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Belgian monarchy, history of Belgian monarchy, abdication of Leopold III after World War II, coronation of Baudouin, exiles from Belgium,...
		Leopold I (of Belgium) (1790-1865), king of the Belgians (1831-65).
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/search.aspx?q=Belgian+monarchy (142 words)

	Kitchen Gardeners International: February 2005 Archives
		Along with the Belgian monarchy and beer, fries are one of the few things that binds this multi-lingual, multi-cultural hodgepodge of a country together.
		The official potato variety for Belgian fries is Binjte which accounts for nearly 3/4 of all the potatoes grown in Belgium.
		The second, which relates to the first, is that Belgians cook their fries twice, once for cooking the potato, the second time for giving it a crispy, golden crunch.
	www.kitchengardeners.org /2005/02 (574 words)

	Royal Belgium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In 1830, Belgium won its independence from the Dutch as a result of an uprising of the Belgian people.
		A constitutional monarchy was established in 1831, with a monarch invited to reign from the House of Saxe-Coburg Gotha.
		A German prince, Leopold of Saxe-Coburg ascended the throne as King Leopold I on 21 July, 1831.
	www.angelfire.com /pa/ImperialRussian/royalty/belgium/belgium01.html (258 words)

	Chocolate and Truffle Gifts from Godiva: Press Releases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The chocolates were special enough to attract the attention of the Belgian monarchy, which in 1968 appointed Godiva as official supplier to the court, an honored status that the company maintains to this day.
		In 1966, Godiva took a major step in introducing the Belgian style of chocolates to the world when it began exporting its pieces to the U.S., where they were initially sold in finer department stores.
		The appearance of Godiva's chocolates came as a revelation to U.S. chocolate lovers who were used to the American style of sweeter pieces with chewy centers covered in milk chocolate, a process called enrobing.
	www.godiva.com /about/pr_75years.asp (660 words)

	Gioffredo Godenzi Column
		In a nation where it is not unheard of to have the residents of one side of the street speaking Flemish and the other side speaking Dutch, it is the monarch’s job to quell unrest and represent both cultures.
		The current King of the Belgians, Albert and his wife, the Italian born Queen Paola, came to the throne after the death of the King’s brother, the popular King Baudouin (Boudewijn in Flemish).
		Her birth gave the rest of the world a rather profound glimpse of a rarely united country, when Belgian flags suddenly appeared all over the kingdom and citizens, regardless of culture, spontaneously celebrated the birth of their future Queen.
	www.etoile.co.uk /Columns/Gioffredo/040915.html (1403 words)

	Joe Buff's Column: A Belgian Farewell and the Monarchy
		There is one very important institution in Belgium that I haven't talked about yet: The Belgian Monarchy.
		King Albert, the 6th Belgian King, ascended to the throne of Belgium on 9th August 1993.
		I still remember July 31, 1993 when I was in Australia and my host-father told me that the Belgian King Baudouin, who had reigned for 42 years, died of heart failure.
	www.euregio.net /joe/column/column6.html (824 words)

	Political Affairs Magazine - Genocide: Imperialism’s Continuing Barbaric Legacy
		Of the European empires, the Belgians, especially in the latter parts of the 19th century, proved to be among the most vicious and violent.
		Hundreds of thousands of people living in the Belgian Congo were murdered and violently tortured to enforce slave-like labor conditions and maintain Belgian power.
		Hutu rebels eventually shed the Belgian monarchy, and Rwanda declared independence in 1962.
	www.politicalaffairs.net /article/view/643/1?PrintableVersion=enabled (1101 words)

	Vivant - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Vivant is a small Belgian liberal party founded by millionaire Roland Duchâtelet.
		In the regional elections of 2004, partner VLD lost heavily, dragging Vivant with it to third place among Flemish political parties.
		Although new interest for Vivant during the elections, the party remains a marginal force in Belgian politics.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Vivant (222 words)

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