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Topic: Belgic confederacy

	Belgae - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A large number of coins of the Ambiani dating to the mid-2nd century BC have been found in southern Britain, and within memory of Caesar's time a king of the Suessiones called Diviciacus was not only the most powerful king of Belgic Gaul but also ruled territory in Britain.
		Commius of the Atrebates, Caesar's former ally, fled to Britain after participating in Vercingetorix's rebellion and either joined or established a British branch of his tribe.
		Based on the development of imagery on coins, it seems likely that, by the time of the Roman conquest, most of the tribes of south-eastern Britain were Belgic or at least ruled by a Belgic aristocracy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Belgae (1312 words)

	Chapter Autobiography of Autobiography by Thomas Jefferson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		That in questions of war the smaller states were as much interested as the larger, & therefore should vote equally; and indeed that the larger states were more likely to bring war on the confederacy in proportion as their frontier was more extensive.
		He expressed his hopes that in the present enlightened state of men's minds we might expect a lasting confederacy, if it was founded on fair principles.
		The confederacy is to make us one individual only; it is to form us, like separate parcels of metal, into one common mass.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/9/63/110/20912/15.html (882 words)

	Article 1, Section 2, Clause 3: Continental Congress, Taxation and Representation
		That the larger colonies had threatened they would not confederate at all if their weight in congress should not be equal to the numbers of people they added to the confederacy; while the smaller ones declared against a union if they did not retain an equal vote for the protection of their rights.
		He reprobated the original agreement of Congress to vote by colonies and therefore was for their voting in all cases according to the number of taxables.
		The greatest imperfection in the constitution of the Belgic confederacy is their voting by provinces.
	press-pubs.uchicago.edu /founders/documents/a1_2_3s1.html (3188 words)

	Federalist papers # 19-20
		The diet possesses the general power of legislating for the empire; of making war and peace; contracting alliances; assessing quotas of troops and money; constructing fortresses; regulating coin; admitting new members; and subjecting disobedient members to the ban of the empire, by which the party is degraded from his sovereign rights and his possessions forfeited.
		From such a parade of constitutional powers, in the representatives and head of this confederacy, the natural supposition would be, that it must form an exception to the general character which belongs to its kindred systems.
		The connection among the Swiss cantons scarcely amounts to a confederacy; though it is sometimes cited as an instance of the stability of such institutions.
	freebowen.bravepages.com /federalist19_20.html (2850 words)

	Papers #18-20
		The council had the authority to propose and resolve whatever it judged necessary for the common welfare of Greece: to declare and wage war, to be the last court of appeals in controversies between states, to fine the aggressing party, to employ the force of the confederacy against the disobedient, to admit new members.
		Members of the confederacy are expressly restricted from entering into compacts prejudicial to the empire, imposing tolls and duties on interstate commerce without the consent of the emperor and assembly, altering the value of money, doing injustice to one another, or giving assistance or retreat to disturbers of the public peace.
		The fundamental principle on which it rests—that the empire is a community of sovereigns, that the assembly represents sovereigns, and that the laws are addressed to sovereigns—renders the empire a nerveless body.
	66.116.170.228 /gpage.html10.html (4390 words)

	Federalist Paper #20
		The United Netherlands are a confederacy of republics, or rather of aristocracies of a very remarkable texture, yet confirming all the lessons derived from those which we have already reviewed.
		The union is composed of seven coequal and sovereign states, and each state or province is a composition of equal and independent cities.
		Such is the nature of the celebrated Belgic confederacy, as delineated on parchment.
	www.usahistory.com /history/20.htm (1211 words)

	Canadian Conservative Forum - Requested Essay
		AMONG the confederacies of antiquity, the most considerable was that of the Grecian republics, associated under the Amphictyonic council.
		The Amphictyonic confederacy, of which she had been a member, left her in the full exercise of her government and her legislation.
		All Greece caught the enthusiasm and seemed ready to unite in one confederacy, when the jealousy and envy in Sparta and Athens, of the rising glory of the Achaeans, threw a fatal damp on the enterprise.
	www.conservativeforum.org /EssaysForm.asp?ID=13072 (4612 words)

	Federalist No.16 to 20
		Specious arguments of danger to the common liberty could easily be contrived; plausible excuses for the deficiencies of the party could, without difficulty, be invented to alarm the apprehensions, inflame the passions, and conciliate the good-will, even of those States which were not chargeable with any violation or omission of duty.
		The separate governments in a confederacy may aptly be compared with the feudal baronies; with this advantage in their favor, that from the reasons already explained, they will generally possess the confidence and good-will of the people, and with so important a support, will be able effectually to oppose all encroachments of the national government.
		The connection among the Swiss cantons scarcely amounts to a confederacy; though it is sometimes cited as an instance of the stability ofsuch institutions.
	www.citizensforaconstitutionalrepublic.com /Federalist_No_16_to_20.html (7022 words)

	[No title]
		One thing, at all events, must be evident, that a government like the one proposed would bid much fairer to avoid the necessity of using force, than that species of league contend for by most of its opponents; the authority of which should only operate upon the States in their political or collective capacities.
		It has been shown that in such a Confederacy there can be no sanction for the laws but force; that frequent delinquencies in the members are the natural offspring of the very frame of the government; and that as often as these happen, they can only be redressed, if at all, by war and violence.
		But in a confederacy the people, without exaggeration, may be said to be entirely the masters of their own fate.
	mywebpage.netscape.com /msimon669/Fp20-37.txt (17150 words)

	[No title]
		Caesar, however, distinctly states that the Belgic power extended to the coast line, so the Britons of the Frome valley may have been conquered by them.
		For, as we have pointed out, our evidence is of the scantiest, and there is every reason to suppose that the era of the Roman invasion was one of incessant political confusion in the land.
		The strongholds on the coast were now stormed, and the entire population either slaughtered or sold into slavery, as an object lesson to the rest of the confederacy of the fate in store for those who dared to stand out against the Genius of Rome.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/1/2/9/1/12910/12910-8.txt (17053 words)

	Bicameralism: Thomas Jefferson, Notes on Debates in Congress
		that the larger colonies had threatened they would not confederate at all if their weight in congress should not be equal to the numbers of people they added to the confederacy; while the smaller ones declared against an union if they did not retain an equal vote for the protection of their rights.
		of war the smaller states were as much interested as the larger, and therefore should vote equally; and indeed that the larger states were more likely to bring war on the confederacy, in proportion as their frontier was more extensive.
		if it does not add weight in the scale of the confederacy, it cannot add to their rights, nor weight in argument.
	press-pubs.uchicago.edu /founders/documents/v1ch12s5.html (1798 words)

	Freedom: Federalist Papers (11-20)
		The separate States or confederacies would be necessitated by mutual jealousy to avoid the temptations to that kind of trade by the lowness of their duties.
		The supposition that each confederacy into which the States would be likely to be divided would require a government not less comprehensive than the one proposed, will be strengthened by another supposition, more probable than that which presents us with three confederacies as the alternative to a general Union.
		If, therefore, the measures of the Confederacy cannot be executed without the intervention of the particular administrations, there will be little prospect of their being executed at all.
	www.one-eleven.net /~jaw/federalist2.htm (13234 words)

	[No title]
		That the colonies should in fact be considered as individuals; and that, as such, in all disputes, they should have an equal vote ; that they are now collected as individuals making a 48 Jefferson's Works bargain with each other, and, of course, had a right to vote as individuals.
		He admitted that equality of representation was an excellent principle, but then it must be of things which are co-ordinate; that is, of things similar, and of the same nature: that nothing relating to.
		The confederacy is to make us one individual only ; it is to form us like separate parcels of metal, into one common mass.
	www.constitution.org /tj/jeff01.txt (14416 words)

	confederacy - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Confederacy, confederacy : Encarta® World English Dictionary, North American Edition [home, info]
		Phrases that include confederacy: aro confederacy, asante confederacy, ashanti confederacy, bar confederacy, belgic confederacy, more...
		Words similar to confederacy: confederacies, confederation, conspiracy, dixie, dixieland, federation, south, confederate states of america, more...
	www.onelook.com /?w=confederacy&ls=a (274 words)

	WebRoots Library U.S. History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The greatest imperfection in the constitution of the Belgic confederacy is their voting by provinces." (Elliot's Debates, vol.
		The Swiss and Belgic confederacies were held together not by any vital principle of energy, but by the incumbent pressure of formidable neighboring nations.
		Can the Helvic or Belgic confederacies, or can the unwieldy, unmeaning body called the Germanic empire, can they be said to possess the same, or a situation like ours?" (Id., p.
	www.webroots.org /library/usahist/ecotus07.html (13353 words)

	Julius Caesar - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Among his legates were his cousins Lucius Julius Caesar and Mark Antony, Titus Labienus and Quintus Tullius Cicero, the younger brother of Caesar's political opponent, Cicero.
		Caesar defeated the Helvetii (in Switzerland) in 58 BC, the Belgic confederacy and the Nervii in 57 BC and the Veneti in 56 BC.
		On August 26 55 BC he attempted an invasion of Britain and, in 52 BC he defeated a union of Gauls led by Vercingetorix at the battle of Alesia.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Julius_Caesar (5870 words)

	Federalist Papers Number 20
		¶ 2 THE United Netherlands are a confederacy of republics, or rather of aristocracies of a very remarkable texture, yet confirming all the lessons derived from those which we have already reviewed.
		¶ 12 Such is the nature of the celebrated Belgic confederacy, as delineated on parchment.
		¶ 20 Notwithstanding the calamities produced by the stadtholdership, it has been supposed that without his influence in the individual provinces, the causes of anarchy manifest in the confederacy would long ago have dissolved it.
	www.ameriroots.com /federalist/paper_20.html (1263 words)

	The Thought of James Madison
		From these he listed all the ancient confederacies, most notably the Amphictyonic and Achean confederacy of ancient Greece, the Helvitic confederacy of 14th to 15th century Switzerland, the Belgic confederacy after 1679 and the Germanic confederacy.
		He determined that the overriding vices of all these past confederacies were the jealousies and sovereign defiance of the component parts and the inability of the central authorities to control them.
		In August 1786, Madison left his study of ancient and modern confederacies for a first-hand lesson in the problems of federation at the Annapolis Convention called in September 1786.
	www.thelockeinstitute.org /journals/luminary_v2_n1_p4.html (5893 words)

	The Wilson Museum Bulletin - Summer 2003 - Castine and the Old Coins Found There
		There is no date, but from the name of the sovereign, which is impressed upon the obverse, it must have been coined between 1630 and 1636.
		A few Belgic coins were found among the collection, — all three-guilder pieces, and also several rix dollars of Holland.
		The obverse has the figure of a knight in armor, his left arm resting upon a shield which encloses the figure of a lion rampant, the arms of the confederacy.
	www.wilsonmuseum.org /bulletins/summer2003.html (3025 words)

	USA: Thomas Jefferson, autobiography
		That the conduct of some colonies from the beginning of this contest, had given reason to suspect it was their settled policy to keep in the rear of the confederacy, that their particular prospect might be better, even in the worst event:
		That therefore it was necessary for those colonies who had thrown themselves forward & hazarded all from the beginning, to come forward now also, and put all again to their own hazard:
		The Germanic body is a burlesque on government; and their practice on any point is a sufficient authority & proof that it is wrong.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~usa/P/tj3/writings/bio/jefbio03.htm (6468 words)

	Belgic Confederacy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Apparently the Belgic Confederacy was a disorganized jumble of the Germanic tribes in Belgae near modern day Belgium.
		Lead a military resistance against the Romans during the Gallic Wars.
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	www.freeglossary.com /Belgic_confederacy (272 words)

	James Madison Center: Madsion Archives: Revolution: Author
		That the conduct of some colonies from the beginning of this contest, had given reason to suspect it was their settled policy to keep in the rear of the confederacy, that the
		Chase observed that this article was the most likely to divide us of any one proposed in the draft then under consideration.
		A has pound 50, B pound 500, C pound 1000, in partnership.
	www.jmu.edu /madison/center/main_pages/madison_archives/revolution/author/author.htm (13955 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Union is composed of seven co-equal and sovereign States, and each State or province is a composition of equal and independent cities.
		What are the characters which practice has stampt upon it?
		Tyranny has perhaps oftener grown out of the assumptions of power, called for, on pressing exigencies, by a defective constitution, than by the full exercise of the largest constitutional authorities.
	www.founding.com /library/lbody.cfm?id=252&parent=53 (1083 words)

	Malaspina Great Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Triumvirate meant the end of the Roman Republic.
		Other events in succession included the following: Consul, governor of Gaul and Spain 59 BC; Proconsul in Gaul,; 58 BC-49 BC; Defeats Helvetii 58 BC; Defeats Belgic confederacy and Nervii, 57 BC; Defeats Veneti, 56 BC; Invasion of Britain 55 BC; Defeats union of Gauls 52 BC.
		Crassus having died in 53 BC,; a rift developed between Caesar and Pompey.
	www.malaspina.org /caesar.htm (1484 words)

	CSCC Reading--JEFFERSON
		confederacy in proportion as their frontier was more extensive.
		confederacy, if it was founded on fair principles.
		confederacy, it cannot add to their rights, nor weigh in argument.
	www.csccdigital.net /script/books.asp?JEFFERSON,01 (10456 words)

	Germanic Peoples
		The Nervii were one of the most powerful Belgic Confederacy tribes living east of the Scheldt in central Belgea during the time of the Romans.
		The exact date of their inception and destruction has not been confirmed.
		They were considered the most warlike of the Belgic tribes.
	www.odinsvolk.ca /GermanicPeoples.htm (15003 words)

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