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Topic: Belief

Related Topics

Theory of justification

Justified true belief

Evidentialism

Gettier problem

Donald Davidson (philosopher)

Delusion

Common sense

Epistemology

Folk psychology

Faith

Truth

Religion

Eliminative materialism

Mental functions

Paul Churchland

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Belief
		Belief, however, as has already been noted, is often indiscriminatingly used for these and for other states of mind from which for the sake of accuracy it should be as carefully distinguished as is possible.
		belief and knowledge, because of the fact that the same truth may simultaneously be the object of both.
		belief in the sense of directing the intellect to examine the particular set of evidences or arguments in favour of the resultant assent and to neglect all that might be urged against it.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02408b.htm (2196 words)

	Belief - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Belief is considered propositional in that it is an assertion, claim or expectation about reality that is presumed to be either true or false (even if this cannot be practically determined, such as a belief in the existence of a particular deity).
		The concept of belief presumes a subject (the believer) and an object of belief (the proposition) so like other propositional attitudes, belief implies the existence of mental states and intentionality, both of which are hotly debated topics in the philosophy of mind and whose foundations and relation to brain states are still controversial.
		While some philosophers have argued that beliefs are represented in the mind as sentence-like constructs others have gone as far as arguing that there is no consistent or coherent mental representation that underlies our common use of the belief concept and is therefore obsolete and should be rejected.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Belief (1346 words)

	Belief Engine (Skeptical Inquirer May 1995)
		Some of these beliefs, such as telepathy and astrology, stand in contradiction to the current scientific worldview and are therefore considered by many scientists to be "irrational." Others are not at all inconsistent with science, and whether or not they are based in fact, no one would consider them to be irrational.
		This belief engine selects information from the environment, shapes it, combines it with information from memory, and produces beliefs that are generally consistent with beliefs already held.
		Such beliefs are no different in principle from beliefs in fairies at the end of the garden, in ghosts in some deserted abbey, in werewolves, in satanic conspiracies, in miraculous cures, and so on.
	www.csicop.org /si/9505/belief.html (3533 words)

	[No title]
		Various elements of this intuitive characterization of belief have been challenged by philosophers, but it is probably fair to say that the majority of contemporary philosophers of mind accept the bulk of this picture.
		The system has the particular belief that P if its behavior conforms to a pattern that may be effectively captured by taking the intentional stance and attributing the belief that P. Belief is thus characterized in terms of (pre-existing) practices of belief attribution.
		Although pattern/interpretation approaches to belief treat behavioral (and possibly cognitive or experiential) patterns, rather than mental representations, as fundamental, the representational and pattern/interpretation approaches can be married if one holds that the existence of the relevant patterns implies, or is implied by, the possession of appropriate mental representations.
	www.faculty.ucr.edu /~eschwitz/SchwitzPapers/BeliefEntry030227.html (2603 words)

	Belief
		For the purposes of this discussion belief is defined as mental acceptance of a premise, image, or thought as being true or real without evidence, in spite of contrary evidence, or after repeated failure.
		Belief, in this limited definition, is purely a function of the human mind.
		Perhaps, the greatest source of belief outside family is entertainment/information media, commercial institutions with nothing other than their own economic self-interest to guide actions.
	landru.i-link-2.net /monques/belief.html (908 words)

	belief - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about belief
		In philosophy, belief that something is the case is contrasted with knowledge, because we only say we believe that something is the case when we are unjustified in claiming to know that it is.
		Although they undoubtedly affect behaviour, beliefs cannot be analysed solely in behavioural terms, since a person can believe that he or she is unselfish and yet still be very selfish.
		In religion, belief is based on acceptance of the reported existence, acts, and teachings of religious figures, not witnessed first-hand but passed down the generations in written form and ritual.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /belief (263 words)

	Freedom From All Belief
		But it is all based on authority, on hope, belief in something, a faith according to one's inclinations and tendencies and the culture in which one lives.
		Belief, faith and the authority of a book, of the priest, of the disciple, the followers and so on.
		If there is something or not, that is beyond time, beyond belief, beyond all the concepts that man has put together in his search for that something which is called the eternal.
	www.krishnamurtiaustralia.org /articles/belief.htm (3903 words)

	What Is a Belief State
		This observation has led several writers to hope that beliefs can be divided, as it were, into two components: a "core" that depends only on the individual’s intrinsic properties; and a periphery that depends on the individual’s context, including his or her history, environment, and linguistic community.
		In January she was in the relevant belief state, and all her beliefs (let us suppose) were true; whereas in July she was in exactly the same belief state, but at least one of her beliefs – the belief that it was cold outside – was false.
		What characterizes one’s belief state is not the set of possible worlds that constitutes one’s total immediate object of belief, but rather the set of situations in which all the beliefs of anyone in the same beliefs state one is actually in are true.
	www.trinity.edu /cbrown/papers/whatIsABeliefState.html (9584 words)

	Belief and Knowledge
		Belief may thus be understood as a representation that is not necessarily fully justified and is not necessarily completely true, but must be true in part.
		Thus, for a belief to be knowledge, it must be the case that the belief is, in fact, true, and the believer must have justification for the belief.
		Such a belief may constitute knowledge about the input when the process or set of processes producing the belief operate in a manner consistent with the understanding of the process.
	www.ils.unc.edu /~losee/b5/node9.html (1108 words)

	The Ethics of Belief
		The question of right or wrong has to do with the origin of his belief, not the matter of it; not what it was, but how he got it; not whether it turned out to be true or false, but whether he had a right to believe on such evidence as was before him.
		But forasmuch as no belief held by one man, however seemingly trivial the belief, and however obscure the believer, is ever actually insignificant or without its effect on the fate of mankind, we have no choice but to extend our judgment to all cases of belief whatever.
		Belief, that sacred faculty which prompts the decisions of our will, and knits into harmonious working all the compacted energies of our being, is ours not for ourselves but for humanity.
	www.infidels.org /library/historical/w_k_clifford/ethics_of_belief.html (7654 words)

	Belief Systems: minimal techno.
		Belief Systems Recordings label founder and recording artist Darin Marshall first heard the sounds of Acid House in San Diego in 1989 while club-hopping and record shopping in Southern California.
		In 1995, Belief Systems Recordings was created and, under the new electronica umbrella, the trance, techno, and electro genres would never be the same again as the label's critically acclaimed releases were quickly tossed into the mixes of respected club DJs around the globe.
		Belief Systems Recordings emerged from its early progressive trance origins and has since added a unique California twist to the minimal techno, IDM and classic 80s electro genres.
	www.magnatune.com /artists/belief_systems (324 words)

	Amos Storkey - Research - Belief Networks
		Belief networks, or Bayes Nets as they are sometimes known, have been used widely from medical diagnosis to image modelling, from genetics to speech recognition, from economics to space exploration.
		There is a significant philosophical gulf between this belief and the foundationalist beliefs of the empiricists which led to the development of frequentist statistics.
		In fact learning the conditional probability parameters of a belief network is another example of Bayesian inference, just inference at a higher level: we are inferring the value of the parameters using a whole set of data which are all understood to be potentially generated from a network with one set of parameters.
	www.anc.ed.ac.uk /~amos/belief.html (3548 words)

	Belief Quotes \| Belief Quotations \| Belief Sayings \| Wisdom Quotes
		Only barbarians are not curious about where they come from, how they came to be where they are, where they appear to be going, whether they wish to go there, and if so, why, and if not, why not.
		In religion and politics people's beliefs and convictions are in almost every case gotten at second-hand, and without examination, from authorities who have not themselves examined the questions at issue but have taken them at second-hand from other non-examiners, whose opinions about them were not worth a brass farthing.
		Belief consists in accepting the affirmations of the soul; Unbelief, in denying them.
	www.wisdomquotes.com /cat_belief.html (1076 words)

	Apple - Pro/Video - Belief, pg. 1
		There, in the program breaks, networks and their advertisers work furiously to lock our attention, even as we contemplate riding our remotes to one of several hundred competing points of moving light in our cable or satellite mediaverse.
		Most conspicuous — and central to Belief’s postproduction workflow — are dozens of visibly busy Apple Cinema Displays attached to Power Mac G5 editing stations running Final Cut Pro.
		This potent hitching of widgets to digits — exquisitely shot HD objects, heavily composited and fluidly cut — helps Belief generate spots that look at once thoroughly familiar and completely strange: high-efficiency attention traps for fugitive eyeballs.
	www.apple.com /pro/video/belief (644 words)

	Arthur Conan Doyle, Spiritualism, and Fairies
		Nonetheless, belief in the ability to communicate with the dead grew rapidly, becoming an organized religion called Spiritualism.
		Doyle's belief in spiritualism, convinced many people that the creator of Sherlock Holmes was not as bright as his fictional creation.
		Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and his belief in spiritualism, from a spiritualist perspective.
	www.lhup.edu /~dsimanek/doyle.htm (2526 words)

	Direct and Indirect Belief
		One is in a given belief state independent of what situation one finds oneself in, except to the extent that the situation directly affects one's intrinsic properties; but one has many of the objects of one's belief only by virtue of the situation one is in.
		Art's belief that he has arthritis in his thigh is not about a sentence, although the deeper belief in virtue of which he believes this is. Nor does the principle have the consequence that we have all our nonlinguistic beliefs in virtue of deeper metalinguistic beliefs.
		Although Art's belief that he has arthritis in his thigh is mediated by a metalinguistic belief, his belief that he is hungry very likely is not.
	www.trinity.edu /cbrown/papers/dirandindbelief.html (12268 words)

	Harris Interactive \| The Harris Poll - The Religious and Other Beliefs of Americans 2003
		The level of belief is generally highest among people without a college education and lowest among those with postgraduate degrees.
		Higher levels of belief among people with no college education and lower levels of belief among those with postgraduate education.
		For example, one percent of Christians do not believe in God, 8% do not believe in the survival of the soul after death, 7% do not believe in miracles, 5% do not believe in heaven, 7% do not believe in the Virgin birth and 18% do not believe in hell.
	www.harrisinteractive.com /harris_poll/index.asp?PID=359 (972 words)

	BELIEF Bringing Europe’s eLectronic Infrastructures to Expanding Frontiers — Belief Project Portal
		By accessing the BELIEF Digital Library of e-Infrastructure documentation and becoming involved in our events, you can learn about and help shape the future of e-Infrastructures - how they are developed and used in new application areas and by many communities around the world.
		The BELIEF project has developed a survey on the adoption of e-Infrastructures and related technologies by Enterprise, Public Administration, and RandD departments from academia and research, all of which have much to gain from adopting these technologies.
		Make your material available on the BELIEF DL by contacting info@beliefproject.org where BELIEF can agree with you the technical exchange of data, and explain the services that we offer to you, such as secure document sharing, document preservation, hosting and management.
	www.beliefproject.org (477 words)

	The Muslim's Belief
		He included in his treatise useful information related to the Muslim's beliefs that are not readily available in many of the books written on these topics.
		Belief in Fate has four levels: 1) Knowledge: We believe that Allah, may He be exalted, knows everything.
		Belief in Allah, His names, and His attributes instills in the individual the love and glorification of Allah that result in his performing Allah's instructions and avoiding His prohibitions.
	www.islamworld.net /aqeedah.html (8431 words)

	Beliefnet: Belief-O-Matic, Religion Beliefs, What Religion Am I Quiz -- Beliefnet.com
		Beliefnet: Belief-O-Matic, Religion Beliefs, What Religion Am I Quiz -- Beliefnet.com
		Belief-O-Matic -- A personality quiz about your religious and spiritual beliefs
		Use of this site is subject to Terms of Service
	www.beliefnet.com /story/76/story_7665_1.html (248 words)

	Fallacy: Appeal to Belief
		In such cases, for the claim "x is obscene" to be true is for most people in that community to believe that x is obscene.
		In such cases it is still prudent to question the justification of the individual beliefs.
		At one time, most people in Europe believed that the earth was the center of the solar system (at least most of those who had beliefs about such things).
	www.nizkor.org /features/fallacies/appeal-to-belief.html (323 words)

	belief (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Having a strong value/inner belief system is very much dependent on our ability to accept ourselves-who we are, what we feel, how we see the world independent of what others say, think, feel and do.
		If you have chosen to reprogram any of their thoughts, values and beliefs, then be prepared to counter these beliefs whenever a family member articulates them.
		Once your belief system has been strengthened, you will find that others, having less confidence in their own beliefs, will seek you out.
	promdressdirectory.com /belief.htm (640 words)

	Computing Papers on Belief (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) encodes the probability distribution of a set of random variables by specifying a set of conditional independence assumptions together with a set of relationships among these variables and their related joint probabilities.
		As a result of reconsideration, Beliefs retracted earlier might be recovered, and some current Beliefs might be retracted.
		Their effectiveness is due to the ability to explicitly integrate domain knowledge in the network structure and to reduce a joint probability distribution to conditionally independence relationships.
	computing.breinestorm.net /Belief (2759 words)

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