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Topic: Bell Rock Lighthouse

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	Bell Rock History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The oldest existing rock Lighthouse in the British Isles is the tower on the Bell, or Inchcape, Rock a long and treacherous reef lying in the North Sea, some 12 miles East of Dundee and in the fairway of vessels plying to and from the Firths of Tay and Forth.
		Tragedy struck the Bell Rock in 1955 when the crew of the RAF Helicopter were lost while involved in a goodwill gesture.
		The Bell Rock without its customary light created a very real danger to shipping and a warning to mariners was broadcast accordingly and immediate steps were taken to have a temporary light installed until repairs to the building could be carried out and the main light made serviceable.
	www.nlb.org.uk /ourlights/history/bellrock.htm (1681 words)

	Welcome to Chester Candles - Lighthouse Luminary Candles
		The original square lighthouse was important to the area as the large protected harbour was a haven for the large number of fishing and merchant vessels during the mid to late 1800ís.
		The Partridge Island Lighthouse at the entrance to St. John Harbour, was the first on record to shine a light on the Bay of Fundy.
		In 1820 a bell was installed (the first to be used as a fog signal in the U.S.) and the keeper was paid an additional $60/yr to ring the bell in the fog.
	www.chestercandles.com /products/luminary_html/lighthouse.html (4165 words)

	Bell Rock Lighthouse
		Bell Rock lighthouse was illuminated for the first time that night, closing a great void of darkness over Scotland's rock-riddled entrance to the Firth of Tay.
		Robert Stevenson's achievement at Bell Rock was heralded worldwide as a milestone in pharology — the newly developed science of lighthouse construction and illumination — but his revolutionary ideas were to extend beyond the building of Bell Rock and into its keeper's realm.
		Bell Rock's resident keepers received a higher salary than others due to the added responsibility of training incoming keepers and maintaining the newest and most treacherous beacon in the British Isles.
	www.elinordewire.com /bellrocklighthouse.htm (1724 words)

	Warrior Rock Lighthouse
		The bell, forged in Philadelphia in 1855, previously served at Cape Disappointment in 1856 and later at West Point in 1881.
		The fog bell was removed and is on display in front of the St. Helens courthouse.
		The tower replica and bell are in the town of St. Helens.
	www.rudyalicelighthouse.net /NWLts/Warrior/Warrior.htm (668 words)

	[No title]
		The Bell Rock lighthouse, situated eleven miles beyond Fifeness, is probably the best known of Stevenson's many structures.
		The lighthouse was built between 1808 and 1811.
		The Bell Rock lighthouse rose 100 feet and gently tapered from 42 feet wide at the base to 15 feet wide at the top.
	members.lycos.co.uk /peterdyson/new_page_19.htm (213 words)

	Bishop Rock
		It is believed that the Bishop Rock was official named during the late 15th and early 16th century by local fishermen from the Isles of Scilly.
		In 1860 a devise was bolted to the Bishop Rock lighthouse to measure the force of the Atlantic waves.
		This compared to the previously highest reading at Scotland's Bell Rock lighthouse, taken on the 29th March 1845, when the reading was '6083 pounds per square foot'.
	members.tripod.com /~jamiemaund/Bishop_Rock.html (943 words)

	Bell Rock
		The Bell Rock is situated off the East Coast of Scotland, approximately 11 miles from the Royal Burgh of Arbroath, and 14 miles from St Andrews on the Fife coast.
		The Bell Rock lighthouse was also built on a far grander scale than the Eddystone using a wider, deeper base and thicker walls throughout, as well as being 22 feet taller than the Eddystone, (at 100 feet).
		Stevensons’s Bell Rock lighthouse is often thought of as his crowning glory and still stands today as a testament to the outstanding design and construction of one of the most technically challenging lighthouses of the era.
	www.portfolio.mvm.ed.ac.uk /studentwebs/session3/46/bell_rock.htm (590 words)

	BBC - History - Who Built the Bell Rock Lighthouse?
		Over the centuries, before the lighthouse was built, Bell Rock had claimed thousands of lives, as vessels were wrecked on its razor-sharp serrated rocks.
		But nothing survived on the rock, which posed a fearsome obstacle to all shipping travelling along the east coast and to the Firth of Tay.
		It took a year to find anyone brave enough to risk taking him to Bell Rock, but when he finally surveyed the reef in the summer of 1800, he devised a plan for a substantial stone tower.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/british/empire_seapower/bell_rock_01.shtml (461 words)

	Halfway Rock Lighthouse, Maine
		The possibility of erecting a lighthouse in the vicinity was discussed as early as the 1830s but it wasn't until 1869 that $50,000 was appropriated for the building of a stone tower.
		A 43-foot pyramidal skeleton bell tower was bolted to the rock near the lighthouse in 1887, with a 1,000 pound fog bell and striking machinery.
		The dramatic lighthouse can be seen distantly from the Portland Observatory and from some of the tour boats out of Portland, but is best seen by private boat or plane.
	www.lhdigest.com /alf/halfwayrock.cfm (869 words)

	Bell Rock Lens Unveiled
		This is part of the first lens apparatus used at the Bell Rock Lighthouse, and was designed by David and Charles Stevenson, grandsons of Robert Stevenson, and made by Henry Lepaute.
		In October 1915, the naval cruiser HMS Argyll ran aground on the Bell Rock as the request for the light to be lit never reached the lighthouse keepers.
		The lens apparatus to which this section belonged was replaced by the lens from the Chicken Rock Lighthouse at the time of electrification at the Bell Rock Lighthouse.
	www.angus.gov.uk /new/Releases-Archive/2005/2005-05-11a.htm (431 words)

	Bell Rock Lighthouse - The Stevensons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The lighthouse settlement scarce encroached beyond its fences; over the top of the first brae the ground was all virgin, the world all shut out, the face of things unchanged by any of man's doings.
		Admittedly the position of his lighthouse was somewhat different from that of the Bell Rock in that even at high tide the water scarcely ever reached the stonework.
		It was his lighthouse, however, that both Stevenson and Rennie freely admit to drawing on for their own designs for the construction of the Bell Rock.
	www.erraid.fslife.co.uk /pages/stevensons.htm (4669 words)

	Lighthouse Ratings.com - Quiz # 2 Lighthouse Artists and Writers
		Transcendentalist writer who visited this lighthouse a few times in the 1850's and wrote that erosion would put an end to the lighthouse in less than forty years.
		"Lighthouse Hill" is said to have been the source of influence that Alfred Hitchcock used for the visual of the "Bate's Motel" up on the hill in the movie "Psycho".
		This lighthouse was the first actual/real life lighthouse that he depicted in one of his paintings.
	www.lighthouseratings.com /Artists (685 words)

	Matinicus Rock Light History
		Matinicus Rock is a windswept 32-acre granite island 18 miles offshore and 25 miles from Rockland, the nearest port.
		The keeper's entry in the log for January 27, 1839 was brief: "Lighthouse torn down by the sea." Two days later the keeper was able to hang a temporary lamp from a mast, and the lighthouse was soon repaired.
		A child buried on Matinicus Rock in 1878, Bessie Grant, was long believed to be the daughter of Abbie and Isaac, but she was actually the daugher of Isaac's brother, John Francis Grant, and his wife Samantha.
	lighthouse.cc /matinicusrock/history.html (1978 words)

	SOME AMAZING FACTS ABOUT LIGHTHOUSES
		However, at the Bell Rock lighthouse in Scotland, Robert Stevenson built a lighthouse on a rock that was sometimes beneath the level of high tide.
		Lighthouse keepers used to catch fish by flying a kite from the balcony of their lighthouses.
		The Sambro lighthouse at the entrance to Halifax Harbour in Canada is thought to be the oldest still in use in north America.
	www.btinternet.com /~k.trethewey/amazing_facts.htm (1560 words)

	Some Lighthouse History and Perspectives
		This symbolism makes itself apparent in the popularity lighthouses have gained as collectable figurines and art prints given as the perfect present for lovers of the structures and seen in the décor of coastal bed and breakfasts.
		Just as the lighthouses provide safety for the ships away from their homeports, Home security can provide safety for your belongings while you are on your voyage.
		If you love lighthouses and are in a position to travel to Scotland, you have a chance to see the oldest lighthouse in the world.
	www.lighthousecollecting.com /lighthouse-history-and-perspective.html (757 words)

	February 1st
		The Inch Cape Rock, Scape Rock, as it is termed in the oldest charts, or Bell Rock, lies on the coast about twenty-four miles east of Dundee harbour, in the track of all vessels making for the estuaries of the Friths of Forth and Tay, from a foreign voyage.
		The top of the rock being visible at low water, one of the abbots of Aberbrothock attached to it a framework and a bell, which, being rung by the waves, warned mariners to avoid the fatal reef.
		In the arrangements, the primitive contrivance of the bell has not been forgotten: during stormy and foggy weather, the machinery which causes the reflectors to revolve, is made to ring two large bells, each weighing about 12 cwt., in order to warn the seaman of his danger when too nearly approaching the rock.
	www.thebookofdays.com /months/feb/1.htm (3904 words)

	Yarns International - Knits from the Northern Seas
		The Rock lies just below the surface of the sea much of the time; only part of it is visible for a short time during low tides.
		Townspeople erected a bell on the rock to warn mariners of impending danger, but it fell victim to the sea after about a year.
		It was replaced with Bell Rock Lighthouse in 1810 and has the distinction of being the world's oldest, continuously operating lighthouse.
	www.yarnsinternational.com /yarns/northernSeas.htm (818 words)

	Race Rock Lighthouse
		Race Rock, located at the west end of Fishers Island and the eastern entrance to Long Island Sound, was considered "one of the most dangerous obstructions to navigation on the coast".
		Rising from a depth of seventy or more feet of water, several small spurs of rock broke the water's surface, while a large rock formation was covered with only three feet of water at low tide.
		The Gothic Revival styled Race Rock Lighthouse marks a most dangerous location with perhaps hundreds of shipwrecks to its dubious credit, including the steamer “Atlantic” in which 45 people perished in November 1846.
	www.eastendlighthouses.org /rRock.htm (225 words)

	Angus Council \| Local History \| Angus Museums \| Arbroath Signal Tower Museum
		Until 1955 these buildings formed the shore station and family living quarters for the light keepers on the Bell Rock Lighthouse which lies 11.5 miles out from Arbroath on a dangerous semi-sunken reef.
		Bell Rock Lighthouse Lens — This fine eight sided lens from the Bell Rock Lighthouse was used for over 80 years from 1902 as a warning to mariners.
		Bell Rock Lighthouse Bell, (1810) — One of two large bronze fog warning bells from the Bell Rock Lighthouse
	www.angus.gov.uk /history/museums/signaltower/default.htm (568 words)

	ABC Television: Program summary - Seven Wonders Of The Industrial World: Bell Rock Lighthouse
		The deadly Bell Rock Reef had terrorised seamen for centuries.
		His rivals ridiculed his plan that required building on a rock that was almost constantly submerged, set 11 miles offshore in perpetually hazardous seas.
		Taming the seas would prove to be an extraordinary battle against the elements that was to cost both reputations and lives.
	www.abc.net.au /tv/guide/netw/200406/highlights/227678.htm (286 words)

	Rare Stevenson Lighthouse object goes on display at the Museum of Scottish Lighthouses
		The Museum of Scottish Lighthouses is delighted to announce the display of the original bible annotated by Robert Stevenson, the grandfather of Robert Louis Stevenson, on completion of the Bell Rock Lighthouse in 1811.
		Stevenson's lighthouse is an icon of nineteenth century architecture and this bible was intended to give spiritual direction to the workers at the lighthouse in their daily undertakings.
		The bible was printed in 1793 and has an introduction by Stevenson in which he states that he used it for his voyages around Scottish lighthouses in the first half of the nineteenth century.
	www.lighthousemuseum.org.uk /news/new4.html (244 words)

	R people
		Robert Stevenson, the Engineer-in-Chief for the Commissioners of the Northern Lights stated that he was the true designer of this rock based tower.
		John Rennie was the designer of lighthouses at Howth in Ireland and Holyhead on the Welsh coast.
		His wooden cased tower build to a ship wrights format was first lit in 17908 and remained in service until it was destroyed by fire in 1755.
	members.tripod.com /~jamiemaund/R_people.html (579 words)

	The Lighthouse, by R.M. Ballantyne, Chapter 30 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		We have already said that the lower part, from the foundation to the height of thirty feet, was built of solid masonry, and that at the top of this solid part stood the entrance-door of the building—facing towards the south.
		The walls at the entrance-door are nearly seven feet thick, and the short passage that pierces them leads to the foot of a spiral staircase, which conducts to the lowest apartment in the tower, where the walls decrease in thickness to three feet.
		At the time when Ruby entered the door of the Bell Rock Lighthouse, as already described, there were three keepers in the building, one of whom was on his watch in the lantern, while the other two were in the kitchen.
	www.athelstane.co.uk /ballanty/light_ho/lt_ho30.htm (2008 words)

	Bell Rock Lighthouse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Bell Rock Lighthouse sits a top a jagged sandstone reef 2000 feet long and 330 feet wide.
		At high tide the rock is covered completely by 12 to 16 feet of water, making it invisible to unsuspecting sailors.
		Now the oldest existing rock tower in the British Isles, Bell Rock is now undergoing the final stages of automation.
	www.morganvideo.com /bellrock.html (105 words)

	Bored Now?: Bell Rock Lighthouse, Scotland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		I DVRed a special on "Scotland's miracle lighthouse" one night this week (from the National Geographic channel), and watched it last night.
		The "miracle lighthouse" is the Bell Rock Lighthouse, a sea-swept structure built on a rock that is submerged most of the year.
		But the BBC hired a full cast of actors, put them in costume, and reconstructed the fight the build Bell Rock, all the way from conception, to permission to build, to its eventual creation.
	spike.blogs.com /borednow/2005/05/bell_rock_light.html (388 words)

	Warrior Rock Light Lighthouse, Oregon at Lighthousefriends.com
		The bell has the distinction of being the oldest fog bell in the Pacific Northwest.
		In the 1930s, the little frame lighthouse was replaced with a 28-foot concrete tower, built on the same square sandstone foundation.
		The lighthouse can be reached quickly via a 0.2 mile boat ride from the riverfront marina in Saint Helens.
	www.lighthousefriends.com /light.asp?ID=136 (533 words)

	Robert Louis Stevenson, 1850-1894: Island 1 - Early Life in Edinburgh
		This lighthouse, on the famous Bell Rock or Inch Cape at the entrance of the Firth of Forth, was built by Robert Stevenson, the author's grandfather, and completed in 1811.
		Though Bell Rock had caused the destruction of several ships, building a lighthouse upon it was considered impossible.
		Robert Stevenson was hailed as a genius for his accomplishment, and the Bell Rock Lighthouse was considered one of the engineering marvels of its day.
	www.sc.edu /library/spcoll/britlit/rls/rls1.html (1173 words)

	Lighthouses
		Lighthouses Around the World - Some good info here, but the music is very annoying.
		Lighthouses on Lake Michigan - Higher level thinking questions and activity for 5th and 6th grade students.
		Stevensons - Bell Rock Lighthouse - Learn all about the Stevensons who produced eight builders of lighthouses in five generations.
	webtech.kennesaw.edu /jcheek3/lighthouses.htm (560 words)

	TheRound-O.com. Arbroath in pictures, 1880 - The Bell Rock Lighthouse : ebb tide
		NARRATIVE ON PRINT - The foundation-stone of the lighthouse was laid on Sunday, 10th July 1808, and the work was completed early in 1811, the light being exhibited for the first time on the night of 1st February in that year.
		Two large bells with which the tower is supplied are constantly tolled, night and day, in foggy weather, by the same machinery that moves the lights.
		Since the construction of the lighthouse, no vessel has been lost on the Inchcape Rock.
	www.theround-o.com /26_dept2_028.html (160 words)

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