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	Wikipedia: Sephardi
		In the strictest sense, Sephardic Jews, also called Sephardim (ספרדים), are Jews who are descendants of Jews who were expelled from Spain and Portugal and who settled in southern France, Italy, North Africa, Turkey, Asia Minor, the Netherlands, England, North and South America, Germany, Denmark, Austria, and Hungary.
		This Decree was symbolically revoked in 1996 by the Portuguese Parliament.
		Although the Sephardim lived on peaceful terms with other Jews, they rarely intermarried with them; neither did they unite with them in forming congregations, but adhered to their own ritual, which differed widely from the Ashkenazic.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/s/se/sephardi.html (1113 words)

	Sephardi - the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Jews from these NearEastern communities are also sometimes called "Oriental Jews" or the Hebrew equivalent Mizrāħîm, and wereonce also referred to as "Arab Jews", a phrase that is rarely used today.
		In 1497 the Decree orderingthe expulsion or forced conversion of all the Jews was passed, and the Sephardim either fled or went into secrecy under the guiseof "Cristãos Novos", i.e.
		Although the Sephardim lived on peaceful terms with other Jews, they rarely intermarried with them; neither did they unitewith them in forming congregations, but adhered to their own ritual, which differed widely from the Ashkenazic.
	www.world-knowledge-encyclopedia.com /?t=Sephardic (1535 words)

	Sephardi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Jews from these Near Eastern communities are also sometimes called "Oriental Jews" or the Hebrew equivalent Mizrāħîm, and were once also referred to as "Arab Jews", a phrase that is rarely used today.
		In contrast to Ashkenazic Jews, who do not name newborn children after living relatives, Sephardic Jews often name their children after the children's grandparents, even if they are still alive.
		This is to be distinguished by the "Nusach Sepharad" used by Chassidic Jews.
	www.worldslastchance.com /encyclopedia/index.php/Sephardic (2051 words)

	Middle East Times
		Hundreds of Jews were tortured or burned at the stake in Portugal after being accused by church tribunals of being heretics during the sixteenth and early seventeenth century.
		Many Jews who stayed in the country and continued to secretly practice their faith in hiding while publicly proclaiming to be Christians, eventually gave up their religion.
		Jews formed an official organization in 1989 and the first full-time rabbi came to the town one year later who led the Jewish remarriage of dozens of couples and oversaw the circumcision of men as old as 79.
	www.metimes.com /articles/normal.php?StoryID=20050415-074109-8307r (691 words)

	Sephardi: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Sephardi
		Sephardic Jews, also called Sephardim, are Jews who are descendants of Jews who were expelled from Spain and Portugal and who settled in southern France, Italy, North Africa, Turkey, Asia Minor, the Netherlands, England, North and South America, Germany, Denmark, Austria, and Hungary.
		This Decree was simbolicly revoked in 1996 by the Portuguese Parliament.
		The Jew comunity in Belmonte goes back to the XII century and only in the XX century were they discovered.
	www.encyclopedian.com /se/Sephardic.html (959 words)

	Crypto-Judaism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The father of Maimonides, for example, is purported to have nominally embraced Islam during the Almohad persecutions of Muslim Spain in 1146.
		The Chuetas are a minority on the Balearic island of Majorca (Mallorca) that are descended almost entirely from crypto-Jews, forced to convert in 1391 C.E. The term "chueta" literally translates to "pig" in Catalan, similar to the old Spanish (Castillian) term of the same meaning.
		Skeptics of the authenticity of the Jewish ancestry of Latinos of the Southwest argue that these remembered traditions could be those of Ashkenazi, not Sephardi, Jews and may possibly be constructed memories due to suggestion by proponents.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crypto-Judaism (1114 words)

	Letter from Belmonte
		Belmonte is the only place where secret Jews maintained many practices—Shabbat, Yom Kippur, Passover, the Fast of Esther, elements of kashrut and numerous prayers—and also their significance.
		The Jews of Belmonte are not intellectuals; most of the youngsters go into the family business and not to university.
		Belmonte’s Jews have much to teach us and show us—not just what we lost 500 years ago but things of such recent memory that we can almost touch them in our collective memory.
	www.saudades.org /Letter_Belmonte.htm (2134 words)

	Rxpress - Sephardi Jews - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		However, the spread of Jews into Europe is most commonly associated with the Diaspora which ensued from the Roman conquest of Judea, emigration from Palestine into the greater Roman Mediterranean area antedated the destruction of Jerusalem at the hands of the Romans under Titus.
		The edicts of the Council of Elvira, although early (and perhaps precedence-setting) examples of Church-inspired anti-Semitism, provide evidence of Jews who were integrated enough into the greater community to cause alarm among some: of the Council's 80 canonic decisions, all which pertain to Jews served to maintain a separation between the two communities.
		Once captured, the defense of Cordoba was left in the hands of Jews, and Granada, Malaga, Seville, and Toledo were left to a mixed army of Jews and Moors.
	www.rxpresspharmacy.com /wiki/index/Sephardic_Jews (4029 words)

	NewStandard: 5/9/98
		The presentation, entitled "Passover in Belmonte: The Intersection of Cultures Through the Eyes of an Artist," is one of a series of cultural events being sponsored by the Center for Portuguese Studies and Culture.
		The Belmonte Jews follow the Sepahardi tradition of Jewry, the form that was practiced centuries ago in the Iberian Peninsula and is now associated with North Africa and the Middle East.
		Selmonosky said her Passover trip to Belmonte was possible with support from the university's Center for Jewish Studies and the Center for Portuguese Studies and Culture, and also from TAP Air Portugal and the Portuguese National Tourist Office.
	www.s-t.com /daily/05-98/05-09-98/a07he044.htm (802 words)

	Abarbanel Wines \|Terras de Belmonte (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		erras de Belmonte is the first kosher wine produced in Portugal in the more than 500 years since the expulsion of the Jews from that country at the end of the 15th Century.
		Terras de Belmonte ("Land of Belmonte") is the culmination of four years of effort to produce this wine as a tangible and demonstrative symbol of the desire of the Jewish and Portuguese peoples to forge a new future based on amity and cooperation.
		Belmonte is also a "sister city" to Rosh Pina in Israel's Galilee - the residents of this mountain city have forged fraternal relations with Israel and openly boast of this on a sign just as you enter the town.
	www.abarbanel.com /wines/terrasdebelmonte.shtml (1352 words)

	ALL ABOUT CRYPTO JEWS
		Attempts to revive crypto-Judaism at this time were defeated by opponents, but in 1932 interest in the crypto Jews of Spain and Portugal, and their contemporary descendants, was first popularized by the famous Judaic scholar Cecil Roth with the publication of A History of the Marranos.
		The Spanish Jews who went to Portugal faced major problems there also; e.g., 700 children were kidnaped from their parents and sent to the island of Sao Tome and raised as Christians.
		King Manoel I (1495-1521) wanted the Jews to stay because their skills would help Portugal's economy, but he was pressured by his wife's parents, King Fernando and Queen Isabel of Spain, to expel or convert the Jews.
	www.fiu.edu /~lavender/SCJSBrochurefinaldraft.htm (1624 words)

	The Zelda Show - with Zelda Young
		The traditions were passed down orally, from one generation to the next, observed the Sabbath, and equally observed Sundays for their neighbors sake, so as not to keep the customs of Christianity for fear of falling into the hands of the inquisition and its dungeons.
		It was only in 1990 that a rabbi arrived in Belmonte to convert the surviving 180 crypto-Jews; one of the newly circumcised Jews was 79 years old at the time.
		Interested parties may contact the Jews of Belmonte (which is twinned with Safed) by sending a email in English to the head of the Belmonte tourism bureau at tourism.estrela@mail.telepac.pt.
	www.zeldayoung.com /articles.php?id=48 (372 words)

	Our Jerusalem.com -
		BELMONTE, Portugal, Oct. 13 (JTA) — A small crowd has gathered in the synagogue and the Orthodox rabbi stands in front, trying to reassure the worshipers that the new prayer books he brought from Israel don’t threaten this Jewish community’s 500-year-old traditions.
		In Belmonte, Jews secretly practiced a hybrid form of Judaism for five centuries, saying Jewish prayers in Portuguese in their homes while celebrating ” front” holidays, such as Ascension Thursday, to throw off Christian Inquisitors.
		Salas — who, Amishav President Michael Freund says, was sent at the request of the Belmonte community — says he hasn’t come to the Jews of Belmonte to ” change or modify any of their customs.” But Salas is the latest in a line of rabbis teaching Orthodox Judaism to Belmonte’s Jews.
	www.ourjerusalem.com /news/story/news20031018.html (1269 words)

	Archives: Story
		BELMONTE, Portugal, Oct. 13 (JTA) -- A small crowd has gathered in the synagogue and the Orthodox rabbi stands in front, trying to reassure the worshipers that the new prayer books he brought from Israel don't threaten this Jewish community's 500-year-old traditions.
		The Belmonte Jews descend from Sephardim who took refuge in these mountainous borderlands during the century of pogroms that erupted in the 1390s in neighboring Spain.
		There are pockets of crypto-Jews throughout northern Portugal, but the Jews of Belmonte are the largest community in the country known to have preserved their Judaism together.
	www.clevelandjewishnews.com /articles/2003/10/17/news/world/jcrypto1014.txt (1219 words)

	Inter Press Service News Agency
		According to one widely accepted definition, Sephardic Jews are those whose ancestors were expelled from the Iberian peninsula (Portugal and Spain) during the Spanish Inquisition incited by the Catholic King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella in the late 15th century.
		Belmonte is surrounded by medieval villages that have grown into prosperous towns like Covilha, Guarda, Trancoso and Fundao, which offer visitors other opportunities to learn about Sephardic Jewish traditions in Portugal.
		In Portugal, which was already home to around 30,000 Jews at the time, King Joao II took in many of the Jews expelled from Spain, who totalled between 50,000 and 100,000.
	www.ipsnews.net /africa/print.asp?idnews=28668 (842 words)

	NewStandard: 12/6/96 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Events included the inauguration of a synagogue in the small eastern town of Belmonte where Jews secretly preserved their religion and traditions for centuries, and the re-enactment of Manuel's edict at Lisbon's Maria II National Theater, built on the site of an old Inquisition court.
		Sampaio said the expulsion of Portugal's Jews was an "iniquitous act with deep and disastrous consequences" for Portugal, at the time one of Europe's richest and most powerful nations.
		Jews would be allowed to stay another 20 years if they converted to Christianity.
	www.s-t.com /daily/12-96/12-06-96/a07wn035.htm (402 words)

	Sephardic (Sepharadi) , Sefaradi, Safardi Jew- - definition - Zionism and Israel -Encyclopedia / Dictionary/Lexicon of ...
		Properly, Jews who originally lived in the Iberian peninsula and were expelled in 1492 from Spain, and in 1497 from Portugal.
		The Jews of Belmonte, Portugal, preserved their Jewish faith in secret, revealing it only in the twentieth century.
		Sephardic Jews pronounced Hebrew in a way that was closer to the original Biblical Hebrew, and which was adopted by Eliezer Ben Yehuda when he revitalized the Hebrew language.
	www.zionism-israel.com /dic/Sephardic_Jew.htm (712 words)

	When Dr
		Some of these converted Jews fled to the northern mountainous areas and continued to practice Judaism under the utmost secrecy, while outwardly appearing to be faithful Christians.
		In 1991, eighty of the Belmonte Jews were formally converted to Judaism.
		The conversion was done since it is not possible to be one hundred percent sure about the Jewish ancestry of the community members (although the Jews in Belmonte marry only within their own small community and because of this, many children are born with genetic diseases).
	www.freewebs.com /jlock/Belmontestory.html (988 words)

	The Jewish Week
		The mezuzah is replacing the cross on the houses of the former “underground” Jews.
		Non-Jewish Belmonters might know, or suspect, that the New Christians still maintained their old rituals but outsiders were never allowed into their homes to observe the celebrations first-hand.
		In contrast to the neighboring, 12th-century Romanesque castle — the rugged, granite residence of the Cabral family — the synagogue is cast in a dazzling-white, functional concrete.
	www.thejewishweek.com /news/newscontent.php3?artid=4971&print=yes (997 words)

	Back In 1990, When Gangster Rap Two Live Jewwas Still Brewing, A (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Back in 1990, when gangster rap was still brewing, a pair of elderly Florida Jews calling themselves 2 Live Jews released a groundbreaking album called As Kosher As They Wanna Be.
		A group of area Jews visited Israel last month seeking ways to strengthen ties between Jews living in the diaspora and those in Israel.
		Belmonte, whose Jews lived in hiding for 500 years.
	twolivejew.fibsjew.com /archive (471 words)

	Be'chol Lashon Update 6/25/05
		When the Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, Portugal's King Joao II permitted the entry into the country of 50,000-70,000 Jews.
		Jews have lived in Curacao for more than 350 years, but the community’s peak seems to have been around 1800, when more than 2,000 Jews lived on the island.
		It’s unlikely that Curacao’s Jews will ever regain their past glory, with a rich and influential community numbering in the thousands: The birth rate is too low and Jewish children generally are sent abroad to study, and many of them don’t come back.
	www.jewishresearch.org /BL_archives/6_25_05BL.htm (11515 words)

	j. - Portugal's few Jews leading rich lives of culture, faith
		Earlier this month in the town of Belmonte, Israel's President Ezer Weizman and Portugal's President Jorge Sampaio oversaw the dedication of the first new Portuguese synagogue that has been built in almost 70 years.
		The town of Belmonte, population 35,000, where the new three-story synagogue and its mikveh was dedicated, is home to about 100 Converso families who, though their ancestors were formally converted to Christianity 500 years ago, have retained forms of Jewish ritual and consciousness.
		A 22-year-old rabbi from Brazil, Shlomo Haber, is staying in town for six months and ministers to the Jews and Conversos equally, doubling as the community's ritual slaughterer.
	www.jewishsf.com /content/2-0-/module/displaystory/story_id/6008/edition_id/112/format/html/displaystory.html (934 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Sephardi
		ardî; plural Sephardim: ספרדים, Standard Hebrew Sfaradim, Tiberian Hebrew) is a Jew original to the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal: ספרד, Standard Hebrew Səfárad, Tiberian Hebrew /), or whose ancestors were among the Jews expelled from said peninsula during the Spanish Inquisition incited by the Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella in the Alhambra decree.
		In the vernacular of modern-day Israel, the word Sephardi has also come to include the immigrant Jewish communities that were indigenous to the various countries of the Near East, most notably those of the Yemen, Iraq and Iran who are now resident in Israel, and have no ancestral ties to Spain or Portugal.
		In Morocco, Sephardim considered themselves superior to Berber Jews.Under the common pressure of the Islamic society, the Berbers tried to merge with the Sephardim by naming their children with Sephardic names.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Sephardic (1716 words)

	Belmonte Jews - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Belmonte Jews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Belmonte Jews - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Belmonte Jews.
		The Belmonte Jews are a community that survived in secrecy for hundreds of years by maintaining a tradition of intermarriage and by hiding all the external signs of their faith.
		The Jewish community in Belmonte, Portugal goes back to the 12th Century and they were only discovered in the 20th Century.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Belmonte-Jews.html (155 words)

	Commentary Magazine - The Last Marranos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		...One of the last known communities is Belmonte.* WE CAME TO Belmonte with nothing but a name that was to serve as a point of contact...
		...The Jewish population of Belmonte increased sharply at the end of the 15th century when the expulsion edict signed by Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain forced a large number of Spanish Jews to seek refuge among their Portuguese brethren...
		...Thus, for all the tenacity with which Jews held onto their faith, certain Christian influences did make themselves felt, at first individually, then later in ways which affected the general pattern of behavior in the entire group...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V43I5P78-1.htm (4754 words)

	[No title]
		There was a recent group conversion of people who identify as Jews in Barcelona by Rabbi Mariner (Jewish Chronicle, Oct. 27, 1995; Nov. 24, 1995);[2] the Israeli Rabbinate is in the process of establishing a rabbinic court to process Orthodox conversions in Spain.
		Being descended of a Jew, however, never carried prestige in Mexico or in the Southwest, not among hidalgos and not among mestizos.
		Francisco Rivas is a descendant of a Marano Jew.
	www.cs.tau.ac.il /~nachumd/sch/sch/PAPERS/Folklore.txt (7038 words)

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