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Topic: Belsen Trials

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	Crimes, Trials and Laws
		Trial of Gerhard Friedrich Enrst Flesch, SS OBE Sturmbannführer, Oberregierungsrat.
		Trial of Anton Schosser, and of Josef Goldbrunner and Alfons Jacob Wilm.
		Trial of Carl Bauer, Ernst Schrameck, Herbert Falten.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /genocide/trials.htm (990 words)

	Bergen Belsen Concentration Camp - photo's, some by me, and text
		Belsen, like the other concentration camps was established to hold what were considered, by the Nazi regime, as undesirable people, ranging from Jews to relatives of famous German citizens who had fled overseas.
		Belsen was not an extermination camp (whose sole purpose was the mechanical process of killing thousands of people at a time, and utilising their by-products).
		The essential difference between the conditions at Belsen and Auschwitz is that the conditions at Belsen were due to a criminal and inexcusable neglect coupled with an administrative breakdown.
	www.mikekemble.com /ww2/belsen.html (3030 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Irma Grese (Site not responding. Last check: )
		She was among the 44 accused of war crimes at the Belsen Trials[?].
		The trials were conducted under British military law in Lüneburg and the charges derived from the Geneva Convention of 1929 regarding the treatment of prisoners.
		She was convicted of crimes committed at both Auschwitz and Belsen and sentenced to death by hanging.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/ir/Irma_Grese (280 words)

	Subsequent Nuremberg Trials - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The judges in all these trials were American, and so were the prosecutors; the Chief of Counsel for the Prosecution was Brigadier General Telford Taylor.
		The twelve U.S. trials before the NMT took place from December 9, 1946 to April 13, 1949.
		Four defendants had to be removed from trials due to illness, and four more committed suicide during the trials.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Subsequent_Nuremberg_Trials (328 words)

	Irma Grese
		She was among the 44 accused of war crimes at the Belsen Trials[?].
		The trials were conducted under British military law in Lüneburg and the charges derived from the Geneva Convention of 1929 regarding the treatment of prisoners.
		She was convicted of crimes committed at both Auschwitz and Belsen and sentenced to death by hanging.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ir/Irma_Grese.html (255 words)

	2006 Days of Remembrance
		The trial also prompted a new openness among many Holocaust survivors, some of whom for the first time felt empowered to share their experiences with a new generation.
		Subsequent U.S. trials of government ministry officials, industrialists, SS agency commanders, lawyers, physicians, jurists, administrators of concentration camps, and commanders of the Einsatzgruppen (mobile killing units) are held in Nuremberg.
		Witness to the Holocaust: The Trial of Adolf Eichmann [videorecording].
	www.ushmm.org /remembrance/dor/years/2006 (2271 words)

	THE NUREMBERG TRIALS
		The famous trials conducted at Nuremberg between Oct0ber 20, 1945 and October 1, 1946 were not the first or the last trials of Nazi war criminals.
		The first trials were held in the Soviet Union in the city of Krasnodar on the northeastern edge of the Black Sea from July 14 to July 17, 1943.
		Following the trials at Nuremberg, numerous trials of war criminals were held in the British, French, American and Soviet sectors of Germany, on Austria, at Bergen-Belsen, Auschwitz (1947), in many other places where the crimes took place, in France, Italy and in Israel.
	www.mtsu.edu /~baustin/trials.html (477 words)

	Belsen Trial - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Belsen Trial was one of several trials for war crimes and crimes against humanity that the Allied occupation forces conducted against former officials and functionaries of Nazi Germany after the end of World War II.
		The Belsen Trial (or, officially, Trial of Josef Kramer and 44 others) began in a Lüneburg courtroom on September 17, 1945 against 45 former SS men, women and kapos (prisoner functionaries) from the Bergen-Belsen and Auschwitz concentration camp.
		The trial took place before a British military court and lasted until November 17, 1945.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Belsen_Trial (361 words)

	THHP Short Essay: The Trial at Nuremberg
		At the most famous of these, the Nuremberg Trial, 22 individual Nazi officials, and seven groups that had been organized to carry out the Nazi programs, were placed on trial for their crimes.
		The trial was held before a panel of judges selected by the Allies called the Tribunal and presided over by a British judge named Lord Lawrence.
		The record of the trial itself is contained in two sets of books known as the "Red Series" and the "Blue Series" due to the color of the bindings.
	www.holocaust-history.org /short-essays/nuremberg.shtml (1505 words)

	Belsen Camp History
		This article provides, in table form, a history of the Belsen Concentration Camp from its establishment until the last group of former prisoners left in 1950.
		Belsen is redesignated an Ehrholungslager (Recovery Camp) for prisoners from other concentration camps, who are considered too weak to work.
		The daily death rate in Belsen is estimated at between 400 and 500 former prisoners.
	www.stephen-stratford.co.uk /camp_history.htm (921 words)

	Irma Grese
		Belsen was liberated by the British and Irma along with the camp's Commandant, Joseph Kramer, and other guards were all arrested.
		(see photo at her trial wearing her number.) They spoke of the beatings and the arbitrary shooting of prisoners, the savaging of prisoners by her trained and half starved dogs, of her selecting prisoners for the gas chambers and of her sexual pleasure at these acts of cruelty.
		On the 54th day of the trial she was, not surprisingly, found guilty on both Counts one and two.
	www.geocities.com /richard.clark32@btinternet.com/irma.html (1574 words)

	The Belsen Trial - The trail of Commandant Josef Kramer and 44 others
		The numbers entering Belsen were meanwhile ever increasing; Müller issued the food to the cooks who cooked it and issued it to the internees, and once it left the cookhouse it became the responsibility of people other than the S.S. to distribute it, as Francioh, Bialek and Szafran had shown.
		The trial was eagerly followed by the press and the defendant who attracted the most attention was the notorious 21-year-old Irma Grese, who was accused of participating in selections for the gas chamber at Birkenau, the Auschwitz II death camp.
		According to the trial transcripts, Elizabeth Volkenrath testified under direct examination that she arrived at Auschwitz No. 1 in March, 1942, and was transferred to Birkenau in December, 1942 where she worked in the parcel office and bread store till September 1944.
	www.scrapbookpages.com /BergenBelsen/BergenBelsen09.html (5718 words)

	Bergen-Belsen
		Belsen became severely overcrowded as the number of inmates increased from 15,000 in December 1944 to 42,000 at the beginning of March 1945, and more than 50,000 a month later.
		Belsen was in the beginning bearable and we had bunks to sleep on, and a small ration of soup and bread.
		In Lueneburg, Germany, a Jewish physician, testifying at the trial of 45 men and women for war crimes at the Belsen and Oswiecim [Auschwitz] concentration camps, said that 80,000 Jews, representing the entire ghetto of Lodz, Poland, had been gassed or burned to death in one night at the Belsen camp.
	www.ihr.org /jhr/v15/v15n3p23_Weber.html (4869 words)

	A Revisionist Appaisal of World War Two, with Reference to the Anne Frank Diary
		However by Yalta "Stalin was in favour of a trial of major war criminals provided that it was not 'too judicial'" and by the time of the Potsdam Conference agreement had been reached to hold them.
		This 'court' then proceeded to hold a sham trial, at the conclusion of which a sham death sentence was passed.
		Half-way through the 11-month trial, on 16 January 1948, the entire defence counsel walked out of the court in disgust, although the trial of the defendants apparently continued regardless.
	www.heretical.com /sheppard/bof2.html (6797 words)

	Shofar FTP Archives: camps/bergen-belsen//belsen.trials-food
		Shortly before 15th April of this year, certain German officers came to the Headquarters of 8 Corps and asked for a truce in respect of Belsen Camp, which was arranged.
		Kramer, as Kommandant, is right in being held responsible for the general administration of the camp, and he has no intention whatever of shifting that burden onto anyone else.
		The inmates at the camp had to be deprived of food for an awfully long time to be in the condition that they were on the date of liberation.
	www.nizkor.org /ftp.cgi/camps/bergen-belsen/ftp.py?camps/bergen-belsen//belsen.trials-food (3197 words)

	irma grese \| biography (1923-1945)
		The testimony of many survivors, and that given at her subsequent trial, provides extensive details of murders, tortures, cruelties and sexual excesses engaged in by Grese during her years at Auschwitz and Bergen-Belsen.
		In addition to her involvement in the selections for the gas chambers, she is reputed to have been responsible for up to thirty murders a day, for continual beatings and whipping of concentration camp inmates, for directing her dog to savage others, and for using inmates to satisfy bisexual sadistic inclinations.
		After Kramer, Grese was the most notorious defendant in the “Belsen Trial,” held between 17th September and 17th November, 1945.
	www.leninimports.com /irma_grese.html (447 words)

	H-Net Review: Michael J. Hoffman on Genocide on Trial: War Crimes Trials and the Formation of Holocaust History and ...
		Douglas suggests that all Holocaust-related trials have been deeply influenced by Justice Jackson's decision to present to the court vivid footage taken during the liberation of the Western camps of emaciated prisoners, dismembered corpses, crematoria, and ashes.
		Belsen and Buchenwald were, for most of the war, concentration camps, not involved primarily in the industrialized killing processes typical of Sobibor, Belzec, Treblinka, and Auschwitz-Birkenau.
		For Bloxham the first trial of the major Nazi war criminals produced "the seeds of the misrepresentations that were to characterize portrayals of Nazi criminality in the post-war era and in some cases up to the present day" (p.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=122091071198412 (1758 words)

	Belsen Trial Defendents
		This page lists all the defendants in the British War Crimes trial held concerning the Belsen camp.
		The counts faced by each defendant and their defending officer are also shown.
		The two counts deal with offences alleged to have been committed at Belsen (Count One) and at Auschwitz (Count Two).
	www.stephen-stratford.co.uk /belsen_defendents.htm (175 words)

	A Revisionist Appaisal of World War Two, with Reference to the Anne Frank Diary
		However by Yalta "Stalin was in favour of a trial of major war criminals provided that it was not 'too judicial'" and by the time of the Potsdam Conference agreement had been reached to hold them.
		However only the German trials will be discussed here, and because of their extremity particular attention will be paid to the Dachau Trials.
		This 'court' then proceeded to hold a sham trial, at the conclusion of which a sham death sentence was passed.
	hammer.prohosting.com /~heretp/supps/bof2.html (6805 words)

	Publications of Concentration Camp Memorial Neuengamme
		Thus it was mainly SS personnel and guards from the concentration camps in Auschwitz, Gross-Rosen and Mittelbau-Dora, who happened to be stationed in Bergen-Belsen at the time, who were brought to trial under British military jurisdiction-whereby crimes committed by the SS against German prisoners and those from former Axis countries went unpunished.
		The few trials where charges were brought for crimes committed in Bergen-Belsen ended in mild sentences, and were deemed to have been served by the period of internment in Allied prison camps, or charges were dropped or trials ended in the acquittal of the accused.
		Even if the British Bergen-Belsen trials did not punish all the perpetrators from the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, these nonetheless remained the only three trials in which Bergen-Belsen was the explicit reason behind the comprehensive legal proceedings.
	fhh1.hamburg.de /Neuengamme/Publikationen/07-03.en.html (287 words)

	Hermann Pister, commandant of Buchenwald, on trial at Dachau
		These cases against staff members of the Nazi concentration camps were those in which the American military had jurisdiction by virtue of being the liberators of the camps where the crimes had been committed.
		Although commonly referred to as "trials," these proceedings were technically not trials because the normal rules of court trials in America or Great Britain were not followed.
		The accused were not called "defendants" because the burden of proof was on them, not on the prosecution as is customary in a court trial.
	scrapbookpages.com /DachauScrapbook/DachauTrials/BuchenwaldTrial.html (3046 words)

	Juana Bormann and the Big Bad Wolf Hound
		After a careful examination of the trial records, it is clear that only two witnesses might have saved Miss Bormann from the death penalty: her own dog, and a certain Sturmbannfuehrer Hartjenstein.
		Considering the biased nature of the trials conducted by the allies against the Germans, the reimposition of this procedure would have been an improvement in the proceedings.
		In the witchcraft trials, the chief motivation for giving false testimony seemed to be a mixture of superstition, fear, hysteria, and jealousy.
	www.cwporter.com /juana.htm (1242 words)

	Decades History Timelines - Nuremberg War Crimes Trials (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Meeting at St.James's Palace in London, the Czechs, Poles, Norwegians, Belgians, Dutch, Luxembourgers, French, Greeks, and Yugoslavs declare German attrocities to be in violation of the Hague Convention of 1907.
		Trials have lasting impact on future U.N. resolutions and Geneva Convention developments.
		Sentences were handed down in a dramatic conclustion to the trial.
	www.decades.com /Timeline/n/1025.htm (447 words)

	Rudolf Hoess
		The ex-parte written "statement" or affidavit was a principal prosecutor's tool in the witchcraft trials of the Middle Ages, only to disappear for several centuries, then reappear in Communist show trials and war crimes trials.
		In the minor trials (Hadamar, Natzweiler, etc.) it is common to find confessions written entirely in the handwriting of the interrogator, in English, with a final statement in the prisoners handwriting, in German, stating that these are his statements and that he is satisfied with the translation into English!
		In this trial, a combination Auschwitz-Belsen trial, the court-appointed British and free Polish defense team demolished the prosecution case - including the "selections for mass gassings" - but were overruled on the grounds that involuntary statements and oral and written hearsay were admissable, "not to convict the innocent, but to convict the guilty".
	www.cwporter.com /hoess.htm (2219 words)

	The Journal of History
		Belsen became severely overcrowded as the number of inmates increased from 15,000 in December 1944 to 42,000 at the beginning of March 1945, and more than 50,000 a month later.
		Belsen was in the beginning bearable and we had bunks to sleep on, and a small ration of soup and bread.
		In Lueneburg, Germany, a Jewish physician, testifying at the trial of 45 men and women for war crimes at the Belsen and Oswiecim [Auschwitz] concentration camps, said that 80,000 Jews, representing the entire ghetto of Lodz, Poland, had been gassed or burned to death in one night at the Belsen camp.
	truedemocracy.net /td-10/28.html (4856 words)

	::Irma Grese::
		Irma Grese, a notorious SS guard at Auschwitz-Birkenau and Belsen, was probably Nazi Germany's most infamous female war criminal of World War Two.
		Some at her post-war trial believed that she was personally responsible for 30 deaths a day at Auschwitz-Birkenau.
		Captured at Belsen in the last days of the war, Grese was charged with crimes against humanity in the Belsen Trials held between September 17th 1945 and November 17th 1945.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /irma_grese.htm (333 words)

	Irma Grese and the Holocaust
		She was brought to trial by a kangaroo court, the 12 prosecution witnesses were hysterical Jewesses that wanted blood.
		After a fifty three day trial she was sentenced to hang.
		In March, 1943, when I went to Birkenau Camp in Auschwitz, In January, 1945, I was sent to Belsen.
	judicial-inc.biz /Irma_Grese_by_redirect.htm (749 words)

	Nazi War Crime Trials
		Abbaye Ardennes Trial (Dec 18, 1945 - Dec 28, 1945)
		Dostler Trial (Oct 8, 1945 - Oct 12, 1945)
		Kharkov Trial (Dec 15, 1943 - Dec 18, 1943)
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Holocaust/WarCrimetoc.html (606 words)

	Angel: A Nightmare in Two Acts by Jo Davidsmeyer
		Grese became a concentration camp guard at the age of sixteen, was prosecuted by the British in the Belsen trials, and was executed at the age of 21 for her crimes against humanity.
		ACT I: A courtroom in Lüneberg, 1945, the Belsen Trials and Auschwitz Concentration Camp, Spring of 1944.
		The prosecution and defense at the Belsen trials were handled by teams of attorneys.
	www.jodavidsmeyer.com /plays/angel.html (966 words)

	New City Stage Company announces it’s "must — see" inaugural production with the Philadelphia Premiere: Angel: A ...
		Angel: A Nightmare in Two Acts is a drama based on the trial and execution of real-life Nazi war criminal Irma Grese.
		Grese became a concentration camp guard at the age of sixteen, was prosecuted by the British in the Belsen trials, and was executed at the age of 21 for her crimes against humanity.
		A strikingly beautiful woman, she was dubbed by the international press as “The Blonde Angel of Auschwitz.” During the play, Irma’s prosecutor falls under her fatal charms.
	www.theatrealliance.org /news/2006/0901.html (529 words)

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