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Topic: Beluga, Alaska

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	Beluga Whale: Wildlife Notebook Series - Alaska Department of Fish and Game
		Belugas are somewhat more robust-bodied than other porpoises and dolphins due to the presence of a blubber layer, which can be as much as 5 inches (12 cm) thick.
		Belugas are principally used for human consumption, either as meat or “muktuk,” which consists of skin and the outer layer of blubber.
		Belugas are an important component of the nearshore marine mammal fauna of Alaska waters.
	www.adfg.state.ak.us /pubs/notebook/marine/beluga.php (1325 words)

	Detailed Information about Beluga Whales (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Beluga whales inhabit the Arctic and subarctic regions of Russia, Greenland, and North America.
		Beluga whales are prey to killer whales and polar bears.
		Beluga whales' affinity for shallow coastal waters puts them at risk as humans alter coastlines and estuaries with pollution, dams, and off-shore petroleum exploration and extraction.
	nmml.afsc.noaa.gov /education/cetaceans/beluga2.htm (655 words)

	Beluga Whale ESA Listing Petition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The PBR level for the Cook Inlet population of beluga whales is calculated in the draft stock assessment as 14 animals--based on use of an Nmin of 712 multiplied by a default Rmax of 0.02 and a recovery factor of 1.0.
		The level of Alaska Native hunting is endangering the survival of the Cook Inlet population of beluga whales.
		Harvests of beluga whales, Delphinapterus leucas, in Alaska, 1987-1994.
	www.biologicaldiversity.org /swcbd/species/beluga/Belugafn.html (15575 words)

	Two Worlds, One Whale - July/August 2000 - Sierra Magazine - Sierra Club
		The belugas of Alaska's Cook Inlet are the victims of a cultural divide between science and tradition.
		After all, belugas fall under the aegis of the Marine Mammal Protection Act, and even though the act allows for a subsistence take by Native hunters, it was my understanding that few Natives hunted Cook Inlet's belugas anymore.
		Alaska's Natives, with a long history of being done-to by white people and government agencies, are today newly empowered by the business resources of (sometimes very large) regional and village corporations; by federal recognition of tribal authority, subsistence rights, and a right to co-manage marine mammals; and by their pride of heritage and identity.
	www.sierraclub.org /sierra/200007/belugawhale.asp (1976 words)

	Taxonomy of the Beluga Whale
		Beluga whales frequent the area between the longitudes of 48 degrees North and 82 degrees North (Beland 1996).
		In general, beluga whales spend part of the summer in rivers or estuaries where they molt, and in the autumn the summering groups migrate to a wintering location, where several subpopulations join with members of the total population, and mating often takes place.
		The beluga whales congregate around large river systems (as beluga are remarkably tolerant of freshwater concentrations) in time for the migrations of salmon and eulachon.
	www.personal.psu.edu /users/s/p/spm218/taxonomy.htm (867 words)

	Cook Inlet Alaska Beluga Whales and Beluga Whales in Western Alaska
		At birth, beluga whales are dark blue-gray in color, measure 3-5 feet long, and weigh 90-130 lbs.
		Belugas are robust-bodied and have a blubber layer which can be as much as 5 inches thick.
		The belugas have a narrow ridge that runs down the rear of their backs, which allows them to swim freely under floating ice.
	www.fakr.noaa.gov /protectedresources/whales/beluga.htm (244 words)

	Alaska Journal of Commerce Online
		While Alaska is abundant in coal, the quality of the state's resource has kept much of it from being largely developed.
		Alaska's subbituminous coal, such as that found at the Usibelli Coal Mine near Healy, has not been as marketable as other grades of coal due to its moisture content.
		A plant at Beluga could be built in stages as a coal mine is developed, but an initial investment of $125 million to $200 million would be needed to get the necessary infrastructure in place.
	www.alaskajournal.com /stories/101704/loc_20041017017.shtml (1915 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Designation of the Cook Inlet, Alaska, Stock of Beluga Whale as Depleted Under the Marine Mammal ...
		It protects the Cook Inlet beluga from overharvest during the period, prior to expiration of the amendment, and eliminates the most causal threat to the recovery of this stock of whales, thereby allowing for recovery of their numbers.
		Comment 10: Additional studies on beluga tissue samples should be conducted to determine the effect of polyaromatic hydrocarbons on the genetics of beluga whales.
		Beluga whales are commonly found in areas with high commercial shipping activity and have shown tolerance for frequent passages by large vessels.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-SPECIES/1999/October/Day-19/e27169.htm (6352 words)

	Sitnews -Stories in the News - Ketchikan, Alaska - News: Beluga whales stranded in Turnagain Arm float free (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A group of 46 beluga whales stranded Thursday afternoon in a minus tide in Turnagain Arm have apparently floated free and swam to safety.
		Beluga whales generally survive temporary strandings better than the great whales, whose breathing and internal organs can be compromised by their enormous weight.
		When beluga whales actively swim in the returning tide, it is an indicator that they are not injured.
	www.sitnews.us /0803news/083003/083003_beluga_whales.html (455 words)

	Whales of Alaska \| Whale Facts and Pictures
		Belugas are one of the three whales that spend all their lives in arctic waters.
		Beluga are special among all whales because they can turn their heads.
		Beluga are very social and make a wide variety of sounds.
	www.alaskatrekker.com /whales.htm (842 words)

	Beluga - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Beluga moves in Arctic and sub-Arctic waters ranging from 50° N to 80° N. There is also an isolated population which travels in the St.
		On June 9, 2006, the carcass of a young beluga whale was found in the Tanana River near Fairbanks in central Alaska, nearly 1,000 miles from its nearest natural ocean habitat.
		Beluga pods tend to be unstable, meaning that belugas tend to move from pod to pod.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Beluga (1672 words)

	Decision Not to List Cook Inlet Beluga Whales as Endangered Upheld
		ACE filed suit seeking declaratory and injunctive relief claiming the commissioner erred in determining that the belugas are not threatened and not a “species or subspecies.” The Alaska Superior Court affirmed the commissioner’s decision.
		The court must “accept the commissioner’s decision unless it lacks any rational basis.”7 ACE argued that the commissioner’s failure to list the Cook Inlet belugas as endangered was arbitrary and without rational basis because the commissioner failed to consider the small size of the beluga population and the current threats to the population.
		The commissioner ruled that the whales are not a subspecies because the scientific literature does not recognize the Cook Inlet beluga whales as a distinct subspecies of the general beluga species.
	www.olemiss.edu /orgs/SGLC/SandBar/3.3beluga.htm (983 words)

	Cook Inlet Belugas
		In the 1990s, federal biologists reacted to the beluga depletion by urging native groups to reduce their Cook Inlet beluga harvest.
		The result was an agreement to place beluga monitors on the dredge boat to ensure that the activity could proceed without harming whales.
		The Cook Inlet population of beluga whales is a genetically and reproductively distinct population of whales that has been faced with falling population umber for well over a decade.
	www.akcenter.org /programs/oceans/cook_inlet_belugas.html (1783 words)

	Welcome to Alaska :: Sierra Club Alaska
		The Alaska Chapter of the Sierra Club is working to protect the Last Frontier from the frontier mentality that has drilled and logged and developed away much of the open spaces in the lower 48.
		We are striving for an Alaska based on renewable energy, smart growth of our urban areas, sustainable use of our resources and preservation of our wild places.
		The Chuitna Coal Project near Beluga, Alaska, is a massive proposed surface strip mine, a 12 mile partially-enclosed coal conveyance system, and a 10,000 foot loading facility extending into Cook Inlet, all located approximately 45 miles west of Anchorage.
	alaska.sierraclub.org (546 words)

	Marine Mammal Commission: Species List
		Beluga whales are found in seasonally ice-covered waters throughout arctic and sub arctic regions.
		With the exception of those in Cook Inlet and adjacent waters of the northern Gulf of Alaska, most beluga whales in U.S. waters are thought to winter in the Bering Sea and Atlantic Ocean in open leads and polynyas in the pack ice.
		Five stocks are recognized in U.S. waters off Alaska based on the species' discontinuous summer distribution and on mitochondrial DNA analyses that indicate clear genetic differences among animals using different summering areas.
	www.mmc.gov /species/belugawhale.html (208 words)

	Beluga News
		As declining oil and gas resources in Alaska and across the globe come under increasing market pressure, developers are eyeing the profit potential of the Beluga coal field deposits.
		Taiwan set to join Alaska, potential investors in assessing scope and benefits of proposed 80,000 barrels-per-day Cook Inlet plant Rose Ragsdale For Petroleum News Spurred by high oil prices, the world is...
		A young beluga whale whose carcass was found in a river nearly 1,000 miles from its natural ocean habitat probably died last fall and remained in the frozen river all winter, according to scientists.
	www.topix.net /city/beluga-ak (708 words)

	Beluga Whale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		What would Anchorage be without the belugas swimming near us?" Blatchford, whose father taught him to hunt and prepare belugas, stopped hunting the small whale in 1994 after noticing it was becoming increasingly rare.
		He has warned Alaska Natives, state agencies and federal wildlife managers for years that if reforms are not instituted, the beluga is either going to go extinct or wind up on the endangered species list.
		The ESA requires that a population be listed as endangered when it faces the threat of extinction from overutilization, when existing regulatory mechanisms are inadequate, when its habitat is threatened, when it is vulnerable to disease or predation and when there are other human caused factors affecting its continued existence.
	www.biologicaldiversity.org /swcbd/species/beluga/beluga.html (742 words)

	The Seattle Times: Local News: Alaska's beluga whales declining
		Beluga numbers have fallen from 1,300 in the 1970s to fewer than 300.
		ANCHORAGE — The white whales of Cook Inlet that have delighted locals and tourists for decades are slowly disappearing and perhaps headed toward extinction.
		Only Alaska Native subsistence hunters are allowed to kill the whales.
	seattletimes.nwsource.com /html/localnews/2002833467_beluga28m.html (698 words)

	Beluga Whale Research, Reports and Surveys (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Movements and Area Use of belugas in subarctic Alaskan estuary.
		Phylogeography, population structure and dispersal patterns of the beluga whale in the western Nearctic revealed by mitochondrial DNA, 1997
		Developing a calving rate index for beluga in Cook Inlet, Alaska using aerial videography and photography Christy Sims, et al.
	www.fakr.noaa.gov /protectedresources/whales/beluga/research.htm (444 words)

	Beluga Whales - Cook Inlet Keeper
		Threats to the Cook Inlet beluga whale: Cook Inlet is the most populated and fastest growing watershed in Alaska.
		Cook Inlet is also the birthplace of commercial oil and gas development in Alaska, and underwater seismic blasting, toxic dumping from offshore platforms, and regular leaks and spills threaten the whales and their habitat.
		Background on the Cook Inlet beluga whale: Alaska Native traditional knowledge tells of beluga subsistence hunts for the past several hundred years in Cook Inlet, and early homesteaders are known to have hunted for food, sport and whale bones.
	www.inletkeeper.org /2005/TakeAction/ActionAlert/Beluga2.htm (765 words)

	Tim Kelley Alaska Winter Trail and Spring Skiing Photos - 2006
		Rob Whitney was in the remote Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta village of Kasigluk, Alaska recently.
		Chasing Beluga on Skis: Two ski trips (one recon 40 miler, one successful 60 miler) to get to Beluga, Alaska (population: 26) and back.
		Skiers get a very narrow view of what xc skiing can be and what Alaska has to offer when they never leave a groomed trail, when they never leave a city trail network, when they spend year after year doing the same ski events.
	crust.outlookalaska.com /SpringSkiing2006 (1027 words)

	Marine Mammal Program Project Overviews Alaska Fish and Game (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		We are working with the Bristol Bay Native Association to track beluga whales using satellite telemetry to investigate beluga whale and salmon interactions in the Kvichak River system.
		The steep and dramatic decline in the population of sea lions in western Alaska was the impetus for their designation as an endangered species and the subsequent recent increase in research efforts.
		Steller sea lions are routinely captured from areas throughout coastal Alaska for the purpose of sample collection and physical examination.
	wildlife.alaska.gov /index.cfm?adfg=marinemammals.programs (764 words)

	Turnagain Arm, Alaska: A Drive Down the Alaskan Coast
		Today Turnagain Arm is home to one of the most scenic stretches of highway in Alaska.
		Among its attractions is Beluga Point, formerly a hunting camp used by Native Americans for spotting beluga whales at sea and sheep on the cliffs behind them.
		The whales and the sheep are still there, and Beluga Point's spotting scopes provide close-up views.
	www.myalaskanvacation.com /communities/turnagain/turnagain1.html (104 words)

	Stories in the News (Sitnews) - Ketchikan, Alaska - News, Features, Opinions...
		Members of a technical delegation from Taiwan's state-owned power and steel companies (TaiPower and China Steel, respectively) visited Alaska this week to study the technical issues related to developing coal from Southcentral Alaska's Beluga coalfields as a source of energy for their industries.
		The governor advocated Alaska's energy and resources industries in Taiwan, Japan, Korea and Hong Kong during a trade mission last October.
		While Alaska's sub-bituminous coal is ultra-low sulfur - less than two-tenths of one percent most Asian coal buyers prefer coal with less than the 25 percent moisture content of the Beluga coal, Stiles said.
	www.sitnews.us /0304news/031204/031204_alaska_coal.html (783 words)

	Beluga Alaska ADT Burglar Alarms \| ADT Home Alarm Systems Beluga AK \| USAlarm
		Whatever the reason, you can relax and be assured that a Beluga Alaska ADT Alarm Systems, a company with an extensive track record in protecting residential homes and businesses, stands ready and able to provide total protection from criminal activities such as these.
		ADT Beluga Alaska provides the most complete security and the best overall coverage against burglary, break-ins, medical, and fire emergencies.
		No other burglar alarm company that serves Beluga Alaska can provide you with this level of assurance and protection.
	www.usalarm.com /homesecurity/ak-beluga-adt-burglar-alarms.html (654 words)

	Kvichak Beluga Tagging Study (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In response, Andersen engineered a first-of-its-kind eight-way partnership to launch a first phase of a pilot beluga tagging project, at a cost of $35,000.
		NMFS and the North Slop Borough's Alaska Beluga Whale Committee, in addition to five beluga satellite radio tags, also provided Charlie Zaccheus of Elim, who BBNA flew in to train first-time beluga wranglers Nick Apokedak, Gusty Tallekpallek and Brian Apokedak of Levelock, and BBNA Special Projects Coordinator Helen Chtyhlook.
		Barbara Mahoney of the National Marine Fisheries Service rides in the bow of the inflatable as Alaska Beluga Whale Committee member Charles Saccheus of Elim and Gust Tallekpalek of Levelock herd a beluga into shallow water for tagging.
	www.bbna.com /landres/natres/beluga.htm (422 words)

	Marine Mammal Program Current Research Alaska Fish and Game (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Two of five beluga whales fitted with satellite transmitters in May in the Kvichak River to study beluga whales and salmon continued to transmit in August from Nushagak Bay.
		Locations, residence time in the study area, and numbers of beluga whales seen from aerial surveys will be reported at the Alaska Beluga Whale Committee Meeting in November.
		At the beginning of the summer season three new employees were added to the program to assist with laboratory work, data analyses, field camp supervision and data collection, and to direct the diving program.
	www.wildlife.alaska.gov /index.cfm?adfg=marinemammals.research (750 words)

	Alaska Beluga Whales Still Facing Extinction, NMFS Needs To Do More!
		Last April hundreds of you responded to our action alert on the plight of the beluga whales in Alaska’s Cook Inlet, which are in danger of extinction.
		Cook Inlet belugas are one of five genetically distinct beluga stocks in Alaskan waters.
		Alaska's Cook Inlet is home to one of five genetically distinct stocks of beluga whales.
	www.hups.org /SI_beluga.htm (789 words)

	Beluga Bill's Kenai River Lodge, Sterling Alaska
		Located near Sterling Alaska on the world famous Kenai River, Beluga Bill's can be your center for a vacation enjoying the splendid Kenai Peninsula.
		Besides the fishing, the area offers many great ways to enjoy the beauties of Alaska's outdoors and its heritage.
		Copyright © Beluga Bill's Kenai River Lodge
	www.belugabills.com (201 words)

	Alaska Department of Fish and Game Home Page
		Alaska Department of Fish and Game Home Page
		Avian Flu and Alaska's Wild Birds: Facts and Guidelines for Hunters and Others
		Alaska's Position on Reauthorization of the Endangered Species Act
	www.state.ak.us /local/akpages/FISH.GAME/notebook/notehome.htm (92 words)

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