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Topic: Bene Israel

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	AllRefer.com - Bene Israel (Judaism) - Encyclopedia
		Bene Israel or Beni Israel[both: bA´nE] Pronunciation Key [Heb.,=sons of Israel], Jewish community of India, living mostly in and near Bombay.
		The Bene Israel are referred to in the travel accounts of Benjamin of Tudela (10th cent.) and Marco Polo (13th cent).
		When the Bene Israel were rediscovered by Westerners in the late 18th cent.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/BeneIsra.html (295 words)

	Encyclopedia: Bene Israel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Bene Israel ("Sons of Israel") are a group of Jews who, in the mid-twentieth century, lived primarily in Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi and parts of Pakistan.
		The Bene Israel claim to be descended from Jews who escaped persecution in Galilee in the 2nd century B.C.E. The Bene Israel, however, maintained the practices of Jewish dietary laws, circumcision and observation of Sabbath as a day of rest.
		In addition, the religious revival of the Bene Israel was assisted by the Baghdadi Jews who had transferred their enterprises and communal and religious institutions from Iraq to the commercial centers of Bombay and Calcutta from the end of the 18th century on.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Bene-Israel (3155 words)

	The Bene Israel and the Baghdadis: two Indian Jewish communities in conflict. - Encyclopedia.com
		In the early nineteenth century, the Baghdadis and the Bene Israel lived peacefully together, a harmony that expressed itself in the fact that in 1831 the leaders of both groups jointly submitted petitions to the authorities concerning grievances connected with the Jewish cemetery in Bombay.
		The encounter of the Bene Israel with the Christian missionaries in the early nineteenth century was an additional cause for alienation of the Baghdadi Jews from the Bene Israel.
		Many of the Bene Israel felt that their lives and destinies were shaped during their domicile in India; they defined themselves almost completely as Indians.(23) In the interwar years some thought that it was possible to identify with the Indians and yet not seek the British ouster.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1G1-16348288.html (7499 words)

	The Bene Israel of India
		Tradition recounts that during the voyage from the Kingdom of Israel, the forefathers of the Bene Israel were shipwrecked and washed ashore the Konkan coast, south of Bombay.
		In addition, the religious revival of the Bene Israel was assisted by the Baghdadi Jews who had transferred their enterprises and communal and religious institutions from Iraq to the commercial centers of Bombay and Calcutta from the end of the 18th century on.
		The Bene Israel who remain in India can be divided into two sub-groups: those who stay because of their overriding attachment to India, and those who will emigrate to Israel and re-unite with their families and the majority of their community.
	www.bh.org.il /Communities/Archive/BeneIsrael.asp (2188 words)

	Bene Israel
		Shipwrecked on the coast south of Bombay with nothing but oral relics of their religion, and entirely cut off from other Jews until the eighteenth century, they nonetheless called themselves Bene Israel "children of Israel" and succeeded in preserving a form of Judaism.
		Most now live in Israel, where there was controversy over their Jewishness, until the Orthodox Chief Rabbinate decreed in 1962 that marriage with Bene Israel was permitted, and the Israeli prime minister issued a statement in 1964 that the government of Israel regards them as Jews in every respect.
		The number of Bene Israel in India rose from about 7000 in the 19th century to about 24,000 in 1947.
	philtar.ucsm.ac.uk /encyclopedia/judaism/bene.html (378 words)

	The Bene Israel Jews of West India
		Others concluded that the Bene Israel originate from the tribes of Zvulun and Asher and that’s because the Bene Israel engaged in the profession of oil pressing which is believed to be the profession popular among the tribes of Zvulun and Asher.
		Another custom of the Bene Israel inspired by their Hindu neighbors was, not remarrying of widows and not maintaining the levirate marriage (a Jewish custom which commands marriage between the widow and her dead husband’s brother if the man dies childless).
		He used to execute the captured soldiers, but when his mother heard of the Bene Israel captives, she begged her son to spare the Bene Israel soldiers because the Bene Israel are referred to in the holy Muslim Koran as the Chosen People of the Almighty.
	adaniel.tripod.com /beneisrael.htm (1912 words)

	The Virtual Jewish History Tour - India
		The Bene Israel claim to be descended from Jews who escaped persecution in Galilee in the 2nd century B.C.E. The Bene Israel resemble the non-Jewish Maratha people in appearance and customs, which indicates intermarriage between Jews and Indians.
		The Bene Israel, however, maintained the practices of Jewish dietary laws, circumcision and observation of Sabbath as a day of rest.
		The Bene Israel say their ancestors were oil pressers in the Galil and they are descended from survivors of a shipwreck.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Judaism/indians.html (1060 words)

	FORWARD : FastForward (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Among the Bene Israel beef dishes are rare, owing in part to a longtime paucity of kosher slaughterers (unlike cows, chickens could be slaughtered at home) and, very likely, out of respect for the food taboos of the local Hindu community, for whom cows are sacred.
		The Bene Israel kitchen is distinguished by an abundant use of tomatoes and onions, especially in sauces.
		Like everything else in the Bene Israel pantry, the coconut milk is made from scratch, by grating fresh coconut meat and pressing it with hot water — a procedure, of course, with which the Bene Israel have been familiar for some 2,000 years.
	www.forward.com /issues/2001/01.08.17/fast2.html (1193 words)

	"The Last Jews in India and Burma" by Nathan Katz and Ellen S. Goldberg
		It, too, attracted Bene Israel civil servants, military personnel, railway workers and traders as early as 1848 when Dr. Abraham Benjamin Erulkar, who had been assigned to the government hospital, settled there with his family, converting his home into a prayer hall in 1850.
		There are about eight Bene Israel families in New Delhi today; nevertheless, the Jewish community there is active and visible and here are services in the synagogue every Friday evening and on holy days and festivals.
		Bene Israel and even some Cochinim followed the trail of prosperity to Calcutta and even beyond, to Rangoon, where another major Jewish community grew up.
	www.jcpa.org /jl/jl101.htm (4205 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Israel
		The origins of the Bene-Israel are uncertain, but because of their observance of certain traditions and lack of observance of others, they are believed to have escaped persecution in Galilee before the 2nd century and to have...
		The politics of pardon: Israel and Jonathan Pollard.
		Israel wants to be safe, not scorned As Ariel Sharon prepares to meet President Bush tomorrow, he is representing a country that feels abandoned by the world
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Israel (832 words)

	Info and facts on 'Bene Israel' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The native language of the Bene Israel is Marathi (An Indic language; the state language of Maharashtra in west central India; written in the Devanagari script), while the Cochin Jews (additional info and facts about Cochin Jews) of southern India speak Malayalam (A Dravidian language (closely related to Tamil) that is spoken in southwestern India).
		It is estimated that there were 6,000 Bene Israel in the 1830s (The decade from 1830 to 1839), 10,000 at the turn of the century, and in 1948—their peak in India—they numbered 20,000.
		Since that time, their population in India has decreased through emigration (mostly to Israel (Jewish republic in southwestern Asia at eastern end of Mediterranean; formerly part of Palestine)) to under 5,000.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/be/bene_israel.htm (539 words)

	Search Results for "Israel"
		Israel is bordered by Lebanon to the north, Syria and Jordan to the east, the Gulf of Aqaba (an arm...
		Israel, in the Bible, (iz´rel, iz´ral) (KEY) [as understood by Hebrews,=he strives with God], according to the book of Genesis, name given to Jacob as eponymous ancestor...
		Israel River, c.25 mi/40 km long, Coos co., N N.H.; rises in Presidential Range; flows NW to the Connecticut R. near Lancaster....
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=&query=Israel (251 words)

	Indian Jews - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Bene Israel arrived in the state of Maharashtra 2,100 years ago.
		The Bene Ephraim (also called Telugu Jews) are a small group who speak Telugu; their observance of Judaism dates to 1981.
		The Bene Israel arrived 2,100 years ago after a shipwreck stranded seven Jewish families from Palestine at Navagaon near Alibag, just south of Mumbai.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Benai_Israel (726 words)

	[No title]
		Among these were the Karaites (a schismatic Jewish sect of the eighth century that rejected the legitimacy of rabbinic law), the Bene Yisrael (Jews from near Bombay, India, who immigrated in large numbers in the 1950s), and from the 1970s onward, Jews from Ethiopia--Falashas.
		The question was whether, because of their isolation (Bene Israel or Falashas) or schismatic deviance (the Karaites), their ignorance or improper observance of halakic rules had not rendered them essentially communities of mamzerim, fit only to marry each other or (according to halakah) Jewish proselytes.
		Judah was the ancestor of one of the tribes of Israel, which was named after him.
	www.lycos.com /info/jew--bene-israel.html (709 words)

	Jews of India-Bene Israel
		Close to the Indian coast their ship got wrecked but some survived the shipwreck – the present day Bene Israel are the descendants of those survivors, who swam towards the land and arrived at a village called Navgaon, where they buried the bodies of those who died in the shipwreck.
		The Bene Israel community grew and became a guild of oil pressers.
		In the early 19th century, the Bene Israel numbered approximately 6,000, by 1948 their numbers had grown to 30,000 – today there are only about 5000 in India – the majority having emigrated to Israel and some to Australia and England.
	www.the-south-asian.com /March2001/Jews_of_India-Bene_Israel.htm (501 words)

	Kulanu: Thane Jews pass the blood test
		For hundreds of years, the Bene Israel (meaning Children of Israel), now largely concentrated in and around Thane had fought Western prejudice that denied them their claim as descendants of one of Israel s 12 lost tribes.
		According to Bene Israel folklore, a group of Jews fleeing Jerusalem to escape prosecution by Persians in 175 BC were shipwrecked near Nagaon on the Konkan Coast.
		One of the reasons the Bene Israel had to fight to be recognised as real Jews was the absence of Jewish religious infrastructure in their community, said Moses.
	www.kulanu.org /india/thane.html (618 words)

	S.C.J. FAQ: Section 13.9. Jews as a Nation: Who Are The Jews of India, And What Are Their Origins?
		One of the most important Jewish peoples of India are the Bene Israel ("Sons of Israel"), whose main population centers were Bombay, Calcutta, Old Delhi, and Ahmadabad.
		The Bene Israel claim to be descended from Jews who escaped persecution in Galilee in the 2nd century BCE.
		At that time the Bnei Israel were practicing just a few outward forms of Judaism (which is how they were recognised) but had no scholars of their own.
	www.shamash.org /lists/scj-faq/HTML/faq/13-09.html (1349 words)

	Indo-Israel friendship poised for greater heights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Bene Israel (“Sons of Israel”) claim to be descendants of Jews who escaped persecution in Galilee in the 2nd century BC.
		The Bene Israel began to move to Mumbai in the late 18th century and built their first synagogue, Shaare Rahamim [Gates of Mercy], in 1796.
		In the early 19th century, the Bene Israel numbered approximately 6,000, by 1948 their numbers had grown to 30,000 - today there are only about 5000 in India - the majority having emigrated to Israel and some to Australia and England.
	www.hvk.org /articles/0902/40.html (3126 words)

	Monsoon - The Asian Journal of Brandeis
		Although their Hebrew language was lost over time, the Bene Israels continued their tradition of observing the Sabbath as a day of rest and circumcised male members of the community.
		The Bene Israel community became a considered part of the Indian caste system, with many of its members in the profession of oil pressers.
		In fact, some think that the Bene Israel originated from the tribes of Zvulun and Asher, because oil pressing was a common profession for members of these tribes.
	people.brandeis.edu /~monsoon/articles/hussain_whoarethejews.htm (1279 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - BENI-ISRAEL: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		After burials the mourners wash both themselves and their clothes, and on the third day the house is cleansed; the ceremony being known as "Tizova," or the "Third-Day Cleansing." When a person died, all the water was emptied from the pots in the house, and the body was buried with the head toward the east.
		The advent of the Sassoons at Bombay brought the Beni-Israel into connection with the real life of Israel; and the family, as well as Christian missionaries, liberally supported religious, philanthropic, and educational establishments for the benefit of Beni-Israel.
		Of recent years many works suitable for instruction have been translated into Mahrati for the benefit of the Beni-Israel, chiefly by the exertions of Joseph Ezekiel, whose works cover the whole cycle of Jewish ritual and liturgy, besides treatises on the Jewish religion and text books of Hebrew grammar.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=710&letter=B (2097 words)

	Islamic Voice - SAFAR \RABI-UL-AWWAL 1424 H
		The oldest Bene Israel landmark in Bombay is the Shaar Harahamim synagogue, which stands on Samuel Street, Mandvi.
		Parallel to the religious and communal consciousness in Bombay was the development of the Bene Israel community in Pune.
		The lane in which the Succoth Shelemo (Tabernacle of Solomon) synagogue, erected in 1921, stands is still called Israel Alley, reminiscent of the days when most of the adjoining old buildings were filled with Bene Israel families till their emigration to Israel in the late 1940s and after.
	www.islamicvoice.com /may.2003/narra.htm (906 words)

	Am Yisrael India
		Myths surround the origins of the Jews of India, particularly the Bene Israel and the Jews of Cochin.
		The Bene Israel claim to have arrived in India in the 2nd century BCE.
		The Bene Israel began to move to Bombay in the late 18th century and built their first synagogue, Shaare Rahamim [Gates of Mercy], in 1796.
	www.amyisrael.co.il /asia/india/index.htm (1136 words)

	Bene Israel - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Bene Israel - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Israel (country), country in southwestern Asia, formed in 1948 as a Jewish state in the historic region of Palestine, and located on the eastern...
		Israel (Old Testament name), name variously applied in the Old Testament of the Bible.
	encarta.msn.com /Bene_Israel.html (122 words)

	@The Source Israel Online Magazine
		The child of an Indian Jewish mother, part of Bene Israel, and a father born in the U.S. of Eastern Europe parents, Delman seeks out her past to find where she fits in.
		Her tone leads the reader to believe that while she may not have made the same decisions had she been the parent, she understands the motivation behind the decisions and respects her parents for giving their children the best that they could.
		Israel Info-Access is not responsible for the level of satisfaction that will be found by our readers in the services and/or products described in @The Source Israel.
	www.thesourceisrael.com /issue32/book.shtml?delman (761 words)

	JVibe --> israel
		JAFFA, Israel, June 13 (JTA) – Zohar Reuben, 24, of Mumbai explores the narrow alleyways and stalls of Jaffa's outdoor flea market with fellow young Jews from India after a long journey that has taken them from the Galilee to Jerusalem.
		The group of 40 is mostly from the Bene Israel community centered in Bombay, Calcutta, Delhi and Ahmadabad.
		Aside from the Bene Yisrael, there are Cochin Jews from southern India and Baghdadi Jews who are descended from former Iraqi Jews, as well as Jews from Syria, Yemenite and Iran.
	www.jvibe.com /israel/indian_jews.shtml (798 words)

	Family N You (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Bene Israelis believe that their forefathers arrived in India before the destruction of the second temple.
		The Bene Israel community grew and they became a guild or an Indian caste with the profession of oil pressers.
		Another custom of the Bene Israel inspired by their Hindu neighbours was, not remarrying of widows and not maintaining the levirate marriage (a Jewish custom which commands marriage between the widow and her dead husband's brother if the man dies childless).
	www.familynyou.com /channels/index2.php3?id=85 (1058 words)

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