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	Avignon Pope Benedict XIII - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1396 Benedict sent Sanchez Muñoz, one of the most loyal members of the Avignon curia, as an envoy to the Bishop of Valencia to bolster support for the Avignon papacy in Spain.
		Benedict, on the other hand, refused to stand down, so he was declared a schismatic and excommunicated from the Catholic Church by the Council of Constance on July 27, 1417.
		Benedict should not be confused with the Roman Pope Benedict XIII, who reigned from 27 May 1724 to 21 February 1730.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antipope_Benedict_XIII (1015 words)

	Biography – Pope Benedict XIII – The Papal Library
		Finally, Benedict XIII, by a decree of the 25th of September, 1756, ordered as of precept (in which consists the equipollent canonization) that throughout the Church the office and the Mass of Saint Gregory VII should be celebrated on the 25th of May, as a double.
		Benedict XIII, on succeeding to the pontificate, availed himself of an intimacy formed with Cardinal de Noailles during the conclave in which Innocent XII was elected, and since maintained, to induce that cardinal to withdraw his opposition to the bull Unigenitus.
		Benedict decided that the Catholic king would never be inclined to allow improper comedies to be performed in his dominions, and absolved the inhabitants from their vow, on condition of their giving an alms to the poor of not less than five hundred dollars.
	www.saint-mike.org /library/papal_library/BenedictXIII/Biography.html (3831 words)

	BENEDICT (I.-XIV.) - LoveToKnow Article on BENEDICT (I.-XIV.) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		BENEDICT I. was pope from 573 to 578.
		BENEDICT Ix., pope from 1033 to 1056, son of Alberic, count of Tusculum, and nephew of Benedict VIII., was also called Theophylactus.
		Benedict XIII., who had on his part tried to call together a council at Perpignan, was by this time recognized hardly anywhere but in his native land, in Scotland, and in the estates of the countship of Armagnac.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /B/BE/BENEDICT_I_XIV_.htm (1983 words)

	Benedict - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Benedict, from the Latin for blessed, is the name of many notable men.
		The most prominent at the beginning of the 21st century is Pope Benedict XVI, who chose this name for himself after his election to the papacy.
		Benedict is the first name of Benedict Arnold, the most notorious traitor in American history, his ancestor, a colonial Rhode Island governor, and a congressman named for him.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Benedict (272 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pedro de Luna
		Benedict was at last obliged to treat with his enemies; in an understanding with his cardinals he pledged himself to renounce the papacy if the Roman pope would do likewise.
		Benedict XIII now renewed the interrupted negotiations with the Roman pope, and in 1404 sent four envoys to Rome, to suggest to Boniface IX that some safe spot should be chosen for a meeting between the two popes and both colleges of cardinals, and thus by mutual agreement put an end to the schism.
		The territory of Avignon was seized in 1411 for the Pisan pope (Alexander V).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09431c.htm (2029 words)

	Pope Benedict XIII - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Benedict XIII, born Pietro Francesco Orsini, later Vincenzo Maria Orsini (, February 2, 1649 - March 2, 1730), was pope from 1724 to 1730.
		At first, he called himself Benedict XIV (due to the superstition alleging that the number thirteen brings bad luck), but afterwards altered the title.
		He was a reforming pope and endeavoured to put a stop to the decadent lifestyles of the Italian priesthood and of the cardinalate.
	www.northmiami.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Pope_Benedict_XIII (174 words)

	Pope Benedict XVI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Benedict XVI is considered a conservative concerning Catholic doctrine.
		Benedict XVI joined the Nazi Youth in 1941 at the age of 14.
		In 1943, at the age of 16, Benedict XVI was conscripted as an anti-aircraft soldier, responsible for defending a BMW plant outside Munich that made aircraft engines.
	www.archelaos.com /popes/details.aspx?id=304 (566 words)

	Pope Benedict XIII
		On the death of Urban V in 1389 the Italian cardinals had chosen Boniface IX; the election of Benedict therefore perpetuated the Great Schism.
		The greater portion of the church refused to recognze him, and in 1397 the French church, which had supported him, withdrew from allegiance to both popes, and in 1398 Benedict was imprisoned in his own palace at Avignon.
		Benedict abdicated in 1417, but was recognised by Scotland and Spain until his death in 1424.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/po/Pope_Benedict_XIII.html (193 words)

	chaucer2
		Benedict's cardinals had been instructed to propose "a via convencionis that would be a via iusticie" on the pope's behalf which was inevitably favorable to securing Benedict's position as the only true pope of the church.
		At the time, all but one of Benedict's cardinals (Martin de Salva) capitulated to Valois pressure to endorse the via cessionis, which was meant ultimately to deprive both Benedict XIII and Boniface IX, who had succeeded Urban after his death in 1389, of their papal authority.
		Even though Benedict restated his fidelity to the oath on July 5, 1395, after agreeing to abide by the terms of the via cessionis, Kaminsky notes that "his advisers would show endless ingenuity in proving that the conclave oath did not necessarily bind the pope to resign" as a means of ending the Schism (143).
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Delphi/9976/chaucer2.html (4104 words)

	Franciscan Friars Third Order Regular - Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This donation and the foundation was confirmed by the Avignon Pope Benedict XIII in a Bull of February 26, 1396.
		The Community of Casafuerte, Diocese of Seville, is mentioned in a Bull of May 30, 1396 in which Pope Benedict XIII granted to the local Minister the power to absolve and to administer the sacraments to the friars and servants of the house.
		Benedict XIII, in a Bull dated February 2, 1409, directed the Patriarch of Constantinople, Alfonso de Egea, Administrator of the See of Seville, to confirm in favor of the tertiaries, the transfer of the Church of San Juan Aznalfarache outside the walls of Seville.
	www.franciscanfriarstor.com /theorder/stf_spain.htm (2743 words)

	BENEDICT XIII
		Benedict, after mature consideration, convinced by Jesuit General Tamburini's defense, acquitted the Jesuits and quashed the stern decree of Innocent XIII.
		Benedict insisted on submission to Clement XI's bull Unigenitus, and what is more, he secured the submission of the Jansenist's champion, Cardinal de Noailles, archbishop of Paris.
		Benedict, busy insisting that priests should not wear wigs and blessing altars, was deaf to the clink of gold talking loudly to Coscia and his associates.
	www.cfpeople.org /books/pope/POPEp243.htm (505 words)

	Benrik
		Benedict intervened in the conflict between the sons of Lothair I (the future Lothair II, Louis II and Charles the Bald) on the latter's death.
		Benedict was entirely unsuited to be pontiff; he reportedly led an extremely dissolute life, although in terms of theology and the ordinary activities of the Church he was entirely orthodox.
		Benedict X was then allowed to go free, and he retired to one of his family estates; but Hildebrand then had him imprisoned in 1060 in the hospice of St. Agnese, where he died, still a prisoner, sometime around 1073 or 1080.
	www.benrik.co.uk /content/blog.asp?entryID=22141 (3916 words)

	CNN.com - Benedict a popular pontiff name - Apr 20, 2005
		Benedict IX (1032-1045): Widely regarded as one of the worst pontiffs of the Middle Ages, he was only 20 when elected pope, and swiftly gained an unwholesome reputation for greed and corruption.
		Benedict V (964): One of the more unfortunate pontiffs to hold the papal title, Benedict V was deposed almost as soon as he had been elected by the Holy Roman Emperor Otho I, who wanted to install his own candidate in the Vatican.
		Benedict I (575-579): Almost nothing is known of the first pope to carry the name Benedict, save that he was born in Rome and headed the Catholic Church at a time of great political upheaval, with Italy being overrun from the north by the Germanic Lombard tribe.
	edition.cnn.com /2005/WORLD/europe/04/20/pope.name (464 words)

	Clairity's Place (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Benedict was known to be deeply religious and worked for the reform and institution of monasteries.
		Benedict IX was summoned with a simony charge and was excommunicated and later absolved.
		Benedict XV (1914-22): A Genoan, he was a member of the Vatican diplomatic corps and was elected for his expertise at the beginning of World War I. His see was isolated, and he maintained neutrality toward the war while condemning the inhuman methods of warfare.
	www.clairity.org:8080 /blojsom/blog/place/catholic/2005/04/24/The_Popes_Named_Benedict.html (1037 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pope Benedict XIII
		Innocent XIII, né Michael Angelo Conti (Poli, near Rome, May 13, 1655 – March 7, 1724 in Rome), pope from 1721 to 1724, became cardinal under Clement XI in 1706.
		His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso (born 1935) His Holiness is the official style or manner of address in reference to the leaders of certain religious groups.
		Benedict XIV, born Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini (Bologna, March 31, 1675 â€“ Rome, May 3, 1758), was pope from 1740 to 1758.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pope-Benedict-XIII (1129 words)

	News-Leader.com \| Special Reports \| Pope John Paul II \| The 'enforcer' assumes the Throne of Peter
		Born: Pope Benedict XVI was born on April 16, 1927, in Marktl am Inn, Germany, the son of a policeman and a hotel cook who changed jobs frequently, in part because of his father's outspoken criticism of the Nazis.
		Benedict, who lived during the sixth century, is the author of the Rule of St. Benedict, the code that guides monastic life to this day and helped keep scholarship and the flame of faith alive during the Dark Ages.
		Benedict comes from the Latin for "blessing" and is one of a number of papal names of holy origin such as Clement ("mercy"), Innocent ("hopeful" as well as "innocent") and Pius ("pious").
	springfield.news-leader.com /specialreports/popejohnpaulii/20050420-Theenforcerassu.html (1819 words)

	PAPAL SKULL TAKEN FROM SPANISH MUSEUM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The skull was that of Pope Benedict XIII, a Spaniard from Aragon who sat during a tumultuous time for the Catholic Church, that of the Great Schism.
		Benedict XIII, who sided with the Avignon faction, became pope in 1394.
		Benedict XIII died in a castle on the southeast coast of Spain in 1423 at the age of 95.
	www.cathnews.com /news/004/61.html (209 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Vincent tried vainly to encourage Benedict to agree to resign with Urban so that a new pope could be elected, thus ending the schism and bringing back unity to the church.
		An agreement had been reached by all of the cardinals that this double resignation was the only way to unity, but Benedict refused despite losing the support of so many of the cardinals and the king himself.
		Vincent became convinced that Benedict, by his behavior, was not the true pope.
	www.christdesert.org /public_graphics/martyrology/names/v/vincent_ferrer.txt (580 words)

	GREGORY XII
		Hopes rose when Benedict agreed at least to meet Gregory, but it soon became evident that neither was anxious to abdicate and they never reached agreement.
		Benedict's conduct is not surprising, but Gregory's was a disappointment.
		This little gathering denounced Benedict XIII and Alexander V, as the Pisa pope was known.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp203.htm (521 words)

	Tomb of Pope Benedict XIII by BRACCI, Pietro
		Tomb of Pope Benedict XIII by BRACCI, Pietro
		The tomb of Pope Benedict XIII was designed by Carlo Marchionni and carried out in collaboration with Bartolomeo Pincelotti (died in 1740), who was responsible for the figure of Humility.
		Bracci's choice is, however, much more theatrical: Benedict XIII, seated on a throne, holds his hand to his breast in a gesture partly of Christian submission, and partly as an eternal promise of faith.
	www.wga.hu /html/b/bracci/benedict.html (155 words)

	Malcolm Bull's Calderdale Companion: Foldout (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Benedict, however, succeeded in expelling Sylvester the same year; but, as some say, that he might marry, he resigned his office into the hands of the Archpriest John Gratian for a large sum.
		Benedict, Sylvester, and Gregory were deposed at the Council of Sutri (1046) and a German bishop (Suidger) became Pope Clement II.
		Benedict is said to have been alive when Leo IX died, and continued his attempts to seize the papacy, others says that he resigned the pontificate and died in penitence
	members.aol.com /calderdale/kk_617.html (2706 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Benedict XIII
		In honour of Benedict XI, a member of the Dominican Order, he took the name of Benedict XIV, which he shortly changed to Benedict XIII as Peter de Luna who had previously borne the name (1394-1423) was a schismatic.
		At many courts of Europe grave offense was taken by the extension (1728) to the Universal Church of the Office of Gregory VII containing an account of the excommunication and deposition of Henry IV, which to Gallicans and Protestants seemed offensive.
		The pope was ignorant of the peculations and venality of his favourite, whose greed did much to diminish the prestige of the Holy See, and against whom a popular uprising took place on the pope's death, resulting in ten years' imprisonment for this unworthy cardinal.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02431a.htm (1373 words)

	Randomdigitalsoundbites: What’s in a Name? Popes Named Benedict
		Benedict XV was also seen as a moderate Pope, as he denounced the excesses of a campaign against "modernist" scholars within the Church during the reign of Pius X. However, Benedict XV’s first encyclical condemned errors in modern philosophical systems and no excommunicated modernist scholars were returned to the faith during his reign.
		Finally, like Benedict XIII, Benedict XII was a reformer who attempted to curb the decadence of the priesthood, but with less success.
		Pope Benedict IX was anywhere between 12 and 20 years old (records are unclear), once sold his office to Priest John Gratian, his godfather (possibly for 650 kg of gold), because he wanted to marry, later retook his office by force and was later deposed by King Henry III.
	litbmueller.blogspot.com /2005/04/whats-in-name-popes-named-benedict.html (964 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Consistories of the XV Century
		(2) Left the obedience of Benedict XIII in August 1398 together with the majority of his cardinals; returned to his obedience in March 1403; left again in 1408 and was deposed by him on October 21 of that year.
		After the death of Benedict XIII, occurred on May 23, 1423, Gil Sánchez Muñoz Dousel, canon of Barcelona, was elected antipope and took the name of Clement VIII.
		Benedict XIV is not listed in the official list of popes and antipopes of the Annuario Pontificio published by the Vatican.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/consistories-xv.htm (4875 words)

	Pope Benedict III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Prior to his election he had a reputation for learning and piety, and elected on the refusal of the initial choice of clergy and people, Hadrian: a group of important people preferred Anastasius.
		Benedict intervened in the conflict between the sons of Lothair I (the future Lothair II, Louis II and Charles the Bald)on the latter's death.
		Pope Joan is usually placed between the reign of Leo IV and Benedict.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/pope_benedict_iii (228 words)

	CBSNews.com Who's Who Person
		With his dissolute life and attempts to regain the papacy after he resigned, Pope Benedict IX was considered a disgrace to the church.
		At a very young age, he was elected in 1032 to succeed his two uncles, who were popes just before him.
		The excesses of his lifestyle, however, led the Romans to try to replace him with an antipope in 1044, but Benedict was successful in driving out his rival, only to resign the papacy the next year so he could marry.
	www.cbsnews.com /elements/2005/04/20/in_depth_world/whoswho689772_0_9_person.shtml (138 words)

	Pope Benedict XIII: Proceedings of the Conclave that led to his election. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Benedict's attitude of self-abasement was naturally ascribed to hypocrisy by those who were inconvenienced by its manifestations.
		As to Alberoni he was distinctly out of favour with Benedict, who was so scandalised at his wearing a wig that he refused to renew the pecuniary grants made to the exile by his predecessor.
		Weak and old as he was, Benedict insisted on officiating at the funeral of Cardinal Ansidei on a cold, wet day of February 1730, and there caught the chill from which he died a few days later, his last hours being in keeping with his edifying life.
	www.pickle-publishing.com /papers/triple-crown-benedict-xiii.htm (2666 words)

	Pope Benedict XIII Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The current pope is Pope Benedict XVIBenedict XVI (born Joseph Ratzinger), who was elected at the age of 78 on 19 April 2005.
		In some quarters, it is felt that Benedict's election as pope is further evidence that the papacy is moving away from being an Italian-dominated institution.
		Pope Benedict XVIBenedict XVI was elected on April 19, 2005.
	www.echostatic.com /index.php?title=Pope_Benedict_XIII&action=edit (3684 words)

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