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Topic: Beneventan script

	Beneventan script - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Beneventan script was a medieval script, so called because it originated in the Duchy of Benevento in southern Italy.
		The script was used from approximately the mid-8th century until the 13th century, although there are examples from as late as the 16th century.
		In other scripts there is often little or no punctuation, but standard punctuation forms were developed for the Beneventan script, including the basis for the modern question mark.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Beneventan_script (464 words)

	Merovingian script - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Merovingian script was a medieval script so called because it was developed in France during the Merovingian dynasty.
		In the Luxeuil minuscule script, the letter a resembles two letter cs ("cc"); b often has an open bow, and an arm connecting it to the following letter.
		The Corbie type as used in the 8th century, was based on uncial and the Luxeuil type, but was also similar to half-uncial and insular script, with elements of Roman cursive.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Merovingian_script (492 words)

	culturenet.hr - Panorama - Music - Croatian Medieval Music
		In the second half of the 11th century the Beneventan chant used in the Benedictine centres of Benevento and Monte Cassino in southern Italy was gradually substituted by Gregorian chant and liturgy.
		Beneventan one-part chants notated in the mentioned medieval codices are characterized by a whole panoply of varied musical influences - from the direct influence of Greek liturgy to the music of Roman liturgy.
		In addition to the remnants of the Beneventan tradition, the Dalmatian archives hold a number of non-Beneventan musical codices and fragments testifying to the overlapping of influences of various cultures and liturgies in the Dalmatian region.
	www.culturenet.hr /v1/english/panorama.asp?id=20 (1146 words)

	Visigothic script - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Visigothic script was a type of medieval script, so called because it originated in the Visigothic kingdom in Spain.
		The script was used from approximately the late 7th century until the 13th century, mostly in Visigothic Spain but also somewhat in southern France.
		From the standard script, a capital-letter display script was developed, with long slender forms.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Visigothic_script (334 words)

	Post-Roman Scripts
		The insular scripts were developed and survived in England and Ireland, lasting the longest in Ireland, the most westerly extremity of Latin literate culture.
		Visigothic script was produced in the southwestern extremity of the region in Spain.
		He regarded the archetypal script of this class as that produced by the Merovingian royal chancery, and tended to class the range of book hands produced across the whole area as Franco-Lombardic.
	medievalwriting.50megs.com /scripts/history4a.htm (1195 words)

	PIMS: Monumenta Liturgica Beneventana
		In studies of the Beneventan liturgical manuscripts it is clear that they reflect not only the ancient indigenous liturgical rite or use known as ‘Beneventan,’ but also the rites and uses of the nearby see of Rome and those of the conquering Byzantines, Normans, and Angevins.
		In short, the liturgical rites practiced in the ’Beneventan zone’ display an astonishing diversity and reflect the political, social, and cultural complexity of the south Adriatic region in the Middle Ages.
		A fifth objective of the program is to use the edition and study of liturgical manuscripts in Beneventan script as a means to train graduate students in the various disciplines they must master as medievalists: codicology, palaeography, ecclesiastical and secular history, liturgy, music, ecclesiastical law, and art history, to name but a few.
	www.pims.ca /research/mlb.html (1030 words)

	Manuscript Facsimiles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Beneventan minuscule (littera minuscula beneventana), a script which was developed in southern Italy from the mid-eighth-century and which takes its name from the former Duchy of benevento.
		This example is of a type used at the Beneventan Abbey of Monte Cassino which was instrumental in developing this script, which is one of the most distinctive and long-lived of the post-Roman hands.
		Although the script was based primarily upon New Roman Cursive its use of certain Half-Uncial letter-forms, notably the 'oc' form of a and round d, and the characteristically Italian breadth and rotundity of aspect lent it a greater formality and regularity than many other pre-Caroline scripts.
	www.nd.edu /~medvllib/exultet/barbscript.html (221 words)

	Post-Roman Scripts
		The abbey was destroyed by the Saracens in 732, causing the demise of the script, although the abbey was later rebuilt.
		Corbie ab script is generally associated with the daughter foundation of Luxeuil at Corbie.
		The script of the papal curia up to the 10th century, curialis or littera Romana, and the related Ravenna chancery script were highly exaggerated calligraphic scripts with long ascenders and descenders, loops and ligatures; very impressive but not highly legible.
	medievalwriting.50megs.com /scripts/history4.htm (1136 words)

	Carolingian minuscule - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Carolingian or Caroline minuscule is a script developed as a writing standard in Europe so that the Roman alphabet could be easily recognized by the small literate class from one region to another.
		The script ultimately developed from Roman Half Uncial and its cursive version, which had given rise to various Continental minuscule scripts, combined with features from the "Insular" scripts that were being used in Irish and English monasteries.
		Carolingian script generally has fewer ligatures than other contemporary scripts, although the ampersand, ae, rt, st, and ct ligatures are common.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carolingian_minuscule (1115 words)

	[No title]
		The script which was eventually adopted and standardized, which we call the Carolingian minuscule, is the outcome of a fusion of several distinct national styles, all of which had developed out of the classical Roman and informal cursive styles of earlier centuries.
		Characteristics of the Bastarda script were the curved letter forms, and a tendency to eliminate serifs and to taper individual strokes, especially the long S. When well written the script achieved a considerable grace and majesty.
		The resulting cursive script was adopted by the influential chanceries of Rome and Venice in the middle of the 15th century, thus it became known as the Chancery hand, Chancery Cursive, or Cancellaresca Corsiva.
	www.florilegium.org /files/SCRIBAL-ARTS/scrpt-develop-art.text (8147 words)

	Duchy of Benevento - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Cultural autonomy followed naturally: a distinctive liturgical chant, the Beneventan chant, developed in the church of Benevento: it was not entirely superseded by Gregorian chant until the eleventh century.
		Settled into the greatest of Beneventan monasteries, Monte Cassino, he wrote first a history of Rome and then a history of the Lombards, the main source for the history of the duchy to that time as well.
		The Beneventan duke still had enough prestige to lend his son, Atenulf, to the Norman-Lombard rebellion in Apulia as leader, but Atenulf abandoned the Normans and Benevento lost what was left of its influence.
	enc.qba73.com /link-Duchy_of_Benevento (1485 words)

	Liturgica.com \| Liturgics \| Western Latin Liturgics \| Chant Development \| Beneventian Chant
		The Lombards of both lands must have regarded their liturgy as having descended from the earliest Milanese rite, even though the surviving Beneventan and Milanese chants are not at all alike.
		Beneventan chant was the subject of Volume XIV of Palgraphie Musicale (1934), but the major study of this chant is Thomas Forrest Kelly's The Beneventan Chant (Cambridge, 1989).
		Aside from the local feast of the Holy Twelve Brothers, the other Beneventan chants are assigned to major feasts in the normal liturgical calendar.
	www.liturgica.com /html/litWLMusDev5.jsp?hostname=null (591 words)

	Beneventan Script Encyclopedia Article @ JustGibberish.com (Just Gibberish) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The script was used from approximately the mid-
		abbreviations and contractions - like most other Latin scripts, missing letters can be signified by a macron over the previous letter, although Beneventan often adds a dot to the macron.
		In other scripts there is often little or no punctuation, but standard punctuation forms were developed for the Beneventan script, including the basis for the modern
	www.justgibberish.com /encyclopedia/Beneventan_script (540 words)

	Definition of index.php?search=script&limit=20&offset=20
		According to Lowe the perfected form of the script was used in the [[11th century]], while [[Pope Vi...
		7:...m the standard script, a capital-letter [[display script]] was developed, with long slender forms.
		Although it is systematic and accurate, the script is verbose and unable to write [[shorthand]].
	www.wordiq.com /knowledge/index.php?search=script&limit=20&offset=20 (757 words)

	Manuscripts Catalogue - Document Details
		The text is written in the characteristic Beneventan script of South Italy, in which the cursive elements eliminated in Caroline minuscule are formalised and turned to calligraphic use.
		The script was current in the region from the middle of the 8th to the end of the 13th century.
		Fifteen medical manuscripts in Beneventan script survive for the period up to the end of the 11th century.
	special.lib.gla.ac.uk /manuscripts/search/detaild.cfm?DID=33460 (601 words)

	World Mysteries - Voynich Manuscript
		It is an alphabetic script, but of an alphabet variously reckoned to have from nineteen to twenty-eight letters, none of which bear any relationship to any English or European letter system.
		The text is written in an enciphered script, and the drawings are colored in red, blue, brown, yellow, and green.
		He got this by forcing letters into the script based on his attempts to identify some of the plants in the diagrams, and then attempting to extract a method of reading the characters.
	www.world-mysteries.com /sar_13.htm?NF=1 (3797 words)

	Benevento, Italy
		A swathe of territory that owed allegiance to Rome or to Ravenna separated the dukes of Benevento from the Lombard kings at Pavia.
		Cultural autonomy followed naturally: a distinctive liturgical chant, the "Beneventan chant" developed in the Duchy; it was finally entirely superseded by Gregorian chant only in the 11th century.
		In 758, Desiderius, king of the Lombards, briefly captured Spoleto and Benevento, but with the collapse of the Lombard kingdom in 773, Duke Arechi II was elevated to Prince under the new empire of the Franks, in compensation for having some of his territory transferred to the Papal States.
	www.creekin.net /c4567-n91-benevento-italy.html (1338 words)

	Monte Cassino - the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The number of monks rose to over two hundred, and the library, the manuscripts produced in thescriptorium and the school of manuscript illuminators became famousthroughout the West.
		The unique Beneventan script flourishedthere during Desiderius' abbacy.
		The buildings of the monastery were reconstructed on a scale of great magnificence, artistsbeing brought from Amalfi, Lombardy, and even Constantinople to supervise the various works.
	www.free-web-encyclopedia.com /default.asp?t=Monte_Cassino (586 words)

	text manuscripts/new items (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Preserved in its original binding with Beneventan pastedowns, the present manuscript, dated 1497, was copied and bound in a southern Italian environment, where its author also originated.
		Written in Latin and the vernacular, the text quotes such canonists as Raymundus de Penafortis, Hostiensis, Johannes de Lignano, et alia, and is important for the study of canon law and especially for the practical use of canon law for penitential purposes.
		Script, paper and binding all clearly point to a southern Italian origin for this manuscript.
	www.textmanuscripts.com /home/MANUSCRIPT/manuscriptsdescription.php?m=234 (1739 words)

	[No title]
		This Christian script needed to be different enough to set Christian works apart from pagan works, yet had to be clearly legible to a popula ce that was used to a pagan script.
		The script which was eventually adopted and standardized, which we call the Carolingian minuscule, is the outcome of a fusion of several distinct national styles, all of which had developed out of the classical Roman and informal cursive styl e s of earlier centuries.
		Furthermore, the Gothic script of the north, with its densely packed lines o f stark fl shapes, was quite different from its counterpart in the warmer south.
	www.florilegium.org /files/SCRIBAL-ARTS/scrpt-develop-art.rtf (8659 words)

	Manuscript Facsimiles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The manuscript reproduced in this facsimile is an important source for the music of the old Beneventan liturgy, which flourished during the eighth century in the Duchy of Benevento, in southern Italy.
		When this manuscript was made, the Beneventan liturgy was being replaced by the Roman "Gregorian" liturgy.
		Though the codex contains the music in Gregorian chant for the Masses and ceremonies of feasts througout the liturgical year, it also frequently provides an alternative version in Beneventan chant -- which is written down in the same musical notation as was used for early Gregorian chant, that is, in neumes and without any lines.
	www.nd.edu /~medvllib/musnot/benev.html (133 words)

	Clinton Goveas :: Wikipedia Reference
		The number of monks rose to over two hundred, and the library, the manuscripts produced in the scriptorium and the school of manuscript illuminators became famous throughout the West.
		The unique Beneventan script flourished there during Desiderius' abbacy.
		The buildings of the monastery were reconstructed on a scale of great magnificence, artists being brought from Amalfi, Lombardy, and even Constantinople to supervise the various works.
	www.clintongoveas.com /wikipedia/?title=Monte_Cassino (764 words)

	History Professor Tracks Down Ancient Scripts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The decorative Beneventan script is a calligraphic text used mainly to write liturgical manuscripts in the 9th through 13th centuries in southern Latium, Campania, Apulia and along the Dalmatian coast.
		A nativity image from a Gospel book written in the Beneventan script that was found in the city of Trogir in Dalmatia, Croatia.
		The parchment used for the manuscripts was durable enough to be used again and again, according to Gyug, so often what’s uncovered are fragments of the Beneventan script visible on scrolls that have been reused.
	www.fordham.edu /Campus_Resources/Public_Affairs/Inside_Fordham/Inside_Fordham_Archi/May_2004/In_Focus_Faculty__Re/History_Professor_Tr_14398.html (595 words)

	Forgotten scripts reveal Italian medieval life
		-- Rare Beneventan religious writings from the eighth to 16th centuries are shedding light on Southern Italian life during medieval times, says a U of T research team that travels the globe searching for these manuscripts.
		Beneventan script was last studied in depth in 1914 and, until the U of T project began 20 years ago, not much had been uncovered in the years between.
		Because of this project, the Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies is now the world centre of Beneventan study with the largest collection of manuscript copies existing anywhere.
	www.newsandevents.utoronto.ca /bin1/010322e.asp?CFID=1958168&CFTOKEN=30677401 (352 words)

	Re: Beneventan script (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Among the rest, the consonants, ch is the spit-and-image of Beneventan t.
		And a, in Beneventan, is two c's linked together, looking precisely like ee in the VMS.
		That is all there is to the Beneventan connection.
	www.voynich.net /Arch/2001/02/msg00156.html (161 words)

	The Schoyen Collection: Palaeography -- 4.6. Aramaic, Hebrew and Syriac scriptsscripts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The present documents are a hybrid of the new and the old, demonstrating written Aramaic script on cuneiform-style tablets.
		The script is an ultimate descendant of the cursive paleo-Hebrew script of the 6th c.
		The script is together with the nearly identical one in "Codex Climachi Rescriptus", Mt. Sinai, mid 6th c., considered the finest and earliest specimen of Christian Palestinian-Aramaic uncial extant.
	www.nb.no /baser/schoyen/4/4.4/46.html (3832 words)

	The Schoyen Collection: Palaeography --4.5. Greek and various documentary scripts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Buddhist merchants and missionaries spread the use of Gandhara language and Karosthi script into Central Asia and Chinese Turkestan (Sinkiang) where it was used for business, administration and religious purposes alongside Pehlevi, Bactrian, Khotanese and Chinese.
		MS in Bactrian on vellum, Guzgan area, Afghanistan, 732, 1 f., 28x19 cm, 31 long lines in Bactrian cursive documentary script, 6 signatures on reverse, 4 of originally 6 clay seals, with the motifs: a Greek capital upsilon, 3 fingernail impressions, a swastika, and a standing figure.
		Commentary: MSS 2927/1-6 are a group of unpublished and uncalendared colonial Argentine documents from the earliest period of the final foundation of Buenos Aires, signed by the first governors, lieutenants and conquistadors of the province of Rio de la Plata.
	www.nb.no /baser/schoyen/4/4.4/45.html (1221 words)

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