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	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Bengal (Bengali: à¦¬à¦à§à¦— BÃ´ngo, à¦¬à¦¾à¦à¦²à¦¾ Bangla, à¦¬à¦à§à¦—à¦¦à§à¦¶ BÃ´ngodesh or à¦¬à¦¾à¦à¦²à¦¾à¦¦à§à¦¶ Bangladesh), is a historical and geographical region in the northeast of South Asia.
		The Bengal region is notable for its contribution to the socio-cultural uplift of Indian society in the form of Bengal Renaissance, and revolutionary activities during the Indian independence movement.
		West Bengal is on the eastern bottleneck of India, stretching from the Himalayas in the north to the Bay of Bengal in the south.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Bengal (3255 words)

	Bengal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bengal, known as Bôngo (Bengali: বঙ্গ), Bangla (বাংলা), Bôngodesh (বঙ্গদেশ), or Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশ) in the Bengali language, is a region in the northeast of South Asia.
		Today it is mainly divided between the independent nation of Bangladesh (East Bengal), and the Indian federal republic's constitutive state of West Bengal, although some regions of the previous kingdom of Bengal (during local monarchial regimes and British rule) are now part of the neighbouring Indian states of Bihar, Tripura and Orissa.
		The rise of the Chandra dynasty in southern Bengal expedited the decline of the Palas, and the last Pala king, Madanpala, died in 1161.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bengal (1581 words)

	Bengal Renaissance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Bengal Renaissance refers to a social reform movement during the late 19th and early 20th century in the state of Bengal, India during the period of British rule.
		During this period, Bengal witnessed an intellectual awakening that is in some way similar to the Renaissance in Europe during the 16th century, although Europeans of that age were not confronted with the challenge and influence of alien colonialism.
		The alternative religious movement, the Brahmo Samaj, developed during this time period and counted many of the leaders of the Bengal Renaissance among its followers [1].
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bengal_Renaissance (311 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		The Bengal Renaissance refers to a social reform movement during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the region of Bengal in undivided India during the period of British rule.
		The Bengal renaissance can be said to have started with Raja Ram Mohan Roy (1775-1833) and ended with Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941), although there have been many stalwarts thereafter embodying particular aspects of the unique intellectual and creative output.
		Nineteenth century Bengal was a unique blend of religious and social reformers, scholars, literary giants, journalists, patriotic orators and scientists, all merging to form the image of a renaissance, and marked the transition from the 'medieval' to the 'modern'.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Bengali_people (1288 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Bengali language
		Owing to the Bengal renaissance in the 19th and 20th centuries, Bangla literature emerged among the richest in South Asia, and includes luminaries such as Rabindranath Tagore, the first Asian to be awarded a Nobel Prize.
		Bengal renaissance is the period of time that saw surge in creative and social activity in Bengal.
		It is the official language of the state of West Bengal and the co-official language of the state of Tripura and union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Bengali-language (1067 words)

	An Intimate History of Bengal-BOOK II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Bengal, the Eastern Terminus of Modern Europe in the geography of ideas and proto-history of dreams and myths shared its destiny of being always in the lookout of new culture, new geographies, and new ideas.
		The Partition of Bengal on the part of English was either an administrative procedure or a bad surgical one or a completely devious one with hidden agendas to cripple Bengali Nationalism.
		Bengal, already a headline in India in national struggle got the momentous news of Bose’s escape and forming of INA and taking Indian mainland from Far East.
	personal.vsnl.com /calcutta/bengal2.html (3267 words)

	About Bengal
		As a result of the Bengal renaissance in the 19th and 20th centuries, much of India's most famous literature, poetry, and lyrics are in Bangla; the works of Rabindranath Tagore (the first Asian to be awarded a Nobel Prize), for example, are in Bangla.
		Neighbouring regions are Nepal to the northwest, Sikkim and Bhutan to the north, Assam to the northeast, Bangladesh to the east, the Bay of Bengal to the south, Orissa to the southwest and Jharkhand and Bihar to the west.
		Bengal (both W. Bengal and Bangladesh) is among the most densely populated regions of the world.
	www.nyu.edu /clubs/bengali/Bengal.htm (1827 words)

	Calcutta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		From 1912 to India's Independence in 1947, it was the capital of all of Bengal.
		The centre of Company control over the whole of Bengal from 1757, Calcutta underwent rapid industrial growth from the 1850s, especially in the textile sector, despite the poverty of the surrounding region.
		During the bygone days of the British, as the capital of undivided India Calcutta was regarded as the second city of the British Empire (after London) and was aptly renamed "City of Palaces" and the Great Eastern Hotel was regarded as the "Jewel of the East".
	uncover.us /en/wikipedia/c/ca/calcutta.html (2899 words)

	Bhaktivinoda biography
		Bengal was perhaps the first region in Asia to have its culture radically transformed through this interaction with the West.
		In Bengal five important influences led to the Bengal Renaissance: the rise of British–Bengali commerce, the introduction of English education, British Orientalism, Christianity, and perhaps most importantly how the Bengali intellectuals themselves responded to these influences.
		During this period it is a tribute to Bengal’s intellectual elite that they were keen enough to distinguish between the mere imitation of a foreign culture and the changes that they themselves desired to make.
	www.sanskrit.org /www/Bhaktivinoda/BengalRenaissance.html (1640 words)

	Spirit of Bengalee Civilization
		The other dignitaries of the renaissance movements could by no streachable imagination be connected to Hindu chauvinism,least of all Vivekananda, the personality which tok an adventurous plunge in uniting all the religions and was always in practically all his works tried for syncretization.
		The concept of "Nationalism " was inimical and anathematic to the culture and civilization of India and Bengal.
		Bengal and bengalee culture was defined in a syncretic way and has come to stay.
	www.cyberbangladesh.org /ben4.html (733 words)

	News \| TimesDaily.com \| TimesDaily \| Florence, Alabama (AL)
		During this period, Bengal witnessed an intellectual awakening that is in some way similar to the Renaissance in Europe during the 16th century, although Europeans of that age were not confronted with the challenge and influence of alien colonialism.
		The word "renaissance" in European history meant "rebirth" and was used in the context of the revival of the Graeco-Roman learning in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries after the long winter of the dark medieval period.
		Though the Bengal Renaissance was the 'culmination of the process of emergence of the cultural characteristics of the Bengali people that had started in the age of Hussein Shah, it remained predominantly Hindu and only partially Muslim.' There were some examples of Muslim intellectuals such as Saiyed Amir Ali and Mosharraf Hussain.
	www.timesdaily.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Bengal_Renaissance (1267 words)

	Ralph Dumain: "The Autodidact Project": Niranjan Dahr: Vedanta & the Bengal Renaissance: Chapter 11
		In Florence, the center of the early European Renaissance, Girolamo Savonarola (1452‑1498), a Dominican monk of Italy, became a precursor of Martin Luther.
		The rising tide of the Renaissance, however, proved too strong for Savonarola, and, hardly a year after the bonfire of the Renaissance literature he had to face a cruel death at the very place where the great burning took place.
		Then the Young Bengal movement came to dominate the scene till 1842, when the Brahmo movement regained its strength under the leadership of Devendranath The Vidyasagar‑Akshoy axis was now the only rationalist force lingering in the country, which was practically overwhelmed with the advent of Keshub, a religious fanatic, in 1857.
	www.autodidactproject.org /other/bengalren11.html (6697 words)

	..:: 37th Bengal Studies Conference ::..
		R ecent study on the Renaissance in the history of Bengal is a new dimension for the Bengal Studies Conference.
		As it was decided in the millennium conference of Bengal Studies at Oshkosh in Wisconsin and later on at the 36 th BSC in Irving, Texas, Stamford University Bangladesh won the honor to host the 37 th Bengal Studies Conference.
		Bengal Studies Conference, through the voice in harmony of the assembly of scholars, is determined to reach its goal.
	www.bengal-studies-conference.org (1540 words)

	Great Minds of Bengal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Great minds of Bengal - this is the topic of the "Archives week" (Jan 05 to Jan 10) presented by the West Bengal Government in the dawn of the new millenium.
		The impact of all these on the masses was that while some people preferred to adapt to the European culture without having their own identity, thankfully some decided to have their own identity and were intelligent enough to take the good points from the European culture and develop on it.
		However, the successors of the Bengal Renaissance such as Surendranath-Bhupendranath, Rishi Aurobindo, Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das and Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose did not limit themselves to mere idealist thoughts but encouraged armed movement as a means of liberation.
	www.netguruindia.com /cal/features/bengal.html (523 words)

	Kolkata - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As the capital of the state and the seat of the Government of West Bengal, Kolkata houses the state Legislative Assembly, the Secretariat (Writers' Building) and the Calcutta High Court.
		Bengal's vast repertoire of fish-based dishes includes various hilsa preparations (a favourite among Bengalis).
		Street foods such as Beguni (fried battered eggplant slices), Kati roll (flatbread roll with vegetable or chicken stuffing), phuchka (deep fried crêpe with tamarind and lentil sauce) and Chinese food from China Town in the eastern parts of the city are quite popular.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kolkata (5667 words)

	CESNUR 2005 International Conference - New Religious Movements, Religious Plurality, and the Bengal Renaissance, by ...
		One is the Renaissance Hermetic perennialism of Ficino and Steuco, an origin that is compatible with an interest in Ancient Egypt and works well for the Theosophical Society and Guénon.
		By the 1830s, then, neo-Hinduism had been well established in both Bengal and the West, as a “simple primitive monotheism” that delighted European Desists and American Transcendentalists–as indeed it should have, given that it contained such a major element of their own ideas.
		[40] This seems to have been an indirect result of the forces that produced the Bengal Renaissance, and the direct result of a misunderstanding between Malcolm, a soldier-diplomat from Bengal,[41] and Agha Muhammed Ali, a senior member of the Persian ulema[42] with whom Malcolm discussed Sufism in about 1800.
	www.cesnur.org /2005/pa_sedgwick.htm (4733 words)

	Calcutta Diary: The Roots of Calcutta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Rebuilt Calcutta was a compact little town arranged on the four sides of the Laldighi Tank and the garden around it; the Buckingham House, the Governor's residence and the St. John's Church to the south, the Deputy Governor's residence to the west, accommodation for the Company's writers and the Mayor's Court to the north.
		Bengal was the richest province in India, while downriverfrom the Ganges, Jumna and their tributaries came the goods of all Hindustan.
		This fact influenced the Bengal Renaissance movement in its early stages, for the debates were mainly between the Banias, although the reformist leadership remained with the Brahmins: Rammohun Roy, Dwarkanath and Prasanna Tagore, Tarachand Chakravarty, Dakshinranjan Mukherjee and Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar.
	sankalpa.tripod.com /roots/s1calroots.html (8296 words)

	BANGLAPEDIA: Young Benga (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Young Bengal a socio-intellectual label that was given by the contemporary Calcutta society to the students of hindu college who followed their teacher Henry Louis Vivian derozio, a free thinker and rationalist, when he was a teacher there from 1826 to 1831.
		The Young Bengal movement is one of the most controversial phases of the bengal renaissance in the nineteenth century.
		There is no doubt that they contributed much to the awakening of Bengal in the early nineteenth century and appreciated the introduction of English as official language of the state and establishment of several public libraries in Calcutta.
	banglapedia.org /HT/Y_0008.HTM (921 words)

	Ralph Dumain: "The Autodidact Project": Niranjan Dahr: Vedanta & the Bengal Renaissance: Preface
		The Reformation rose in Germany, a comparatively backward country, to counteract the resurgent tide of the Renaissance, and the driving force behind it was the decadent feudal class.
		In the 19th century the Bengal region of India became the scene of a historical battle between the forces of rationalism and those of religion—between the Renaissance and the Reformation.
		The forces of the Renaissance were released mainly by the newly introduced secular English education, and those of the Reformation were salvaged from the granary of India's past.
	www.autodidactproject.org /other/bengalren001.html (1080 words)

	Calcutta : Kolkata : Calcutta : History of calcutta : Kolkata history
		The impact of British rule and modern western culture was felt first in Bengal in general and Calcutta in particular.
		That awakening is known as the Bengal Renaissance.
		The members of Young Bengal were brilliant individuals faithful to the last to the memory of their master and close-knit to each other by the bonds of affection and friendship.
	www.bangalinet.com /calcutta3.htm (945 words)

	Gujarat carnage: The genesis
		The second was the national struggle, which began as a movement for equality and against discrimination in employment, relentless economic exploitation and racist humiliation that characterised British rule, and emerged as a full-fledged fight for freedom in the 20th century.
		Since the Bengal Renaissance led both to the rediscovery of Hinduism's spiritual wealth and the national struggle, the extremist strand of the latter was deeply steeped in the Hindu idiom.
		The Partition of Bengal (1905) was an attempt both to break the political and economic back of educated Bengali Hindus and please the Muslims.
	www.fisiusa.org /fisi_News_items/Godhra/godhra064.htm (963 words)

	Bengali Food on The Web
		The 19th century renaissance in Bengal brought about a dramatic change in the customs, culture and education of Bengalis in Calcutta.
		People of Bengal are sweet lovers, and have always been known for their particular weakness for sweets.
		Bengal has indeed always been famous for its creativity in sweet making and its artistic presentation.
	www.angelfire.com /country/bengalifood/food04.html (2678 words)

	City of Joy - Kaustuv DeBiswas
		The best exponents of the Bengal renaissance (Rammohun Roy, Michael Madhusudan Dutt, Vivekananda, Bankim, Tagore) were concerned with awakening and building, not merely criticising and opposing.
		Literature, history, music, painting, sculpture, religion, moral philosophy, political economy and social studies were all covered and an attempt was made to address the historical predicament of not just the Bengalis, but of the people of India in a manner remarkable for its energy, its honesty and the sheer exuberance of its multi-tonal talent.
		The essence of Puja is that all the passions of Bengal converge emotion, culture, the love of life, the warmth of being together, the joy of celebration, the pride in artistic expression and yes, the cult of the goddess.
	web.mit.edu /kkdb/www/newhome/cityofjoy.html (2464 words)

	Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Ray accepts the ontology of a ‘Renaissance’ and its impact on the structures of emotions and gender relations and writes this story as a narrative of progress towards modernity.
		The Renaissance, he argues, started in the 1890s, exposing a small group of Indians to a whole range of new ideas from the west, and creating in the process a limited civil society, which debated various issues of public interest.
		It uses the trope of ‘Renaissance’ to identify the whole package of ideas associated with modernity and argues forcefully, using a wide range of literary sources, that this modernity was firmly rooted in Indian culture and was not a blind imitation of the west.
	www.epw.org.in /showArticles.php?root=2002&leaf=11&filename=5117&filetype=html (1511 words)

	Printer Friendly Article
		The roots of "Vedic science" can be traced to the so-called Bengal Renaissance, which in turn was deeply influenced by the Orientalist constructions of Vedic antiquity as the "Golden Age" of Hinduism.
		The Hindutva literature is replete with glowing tributes to Hindu "renaissance", which they claim to be similar to the European Renaissance that ushered in the modern age in the West.
		What they forget is that the Renaissance in the West re-discovered the humanistic and naturalistic sources of the Greek tradition that had been overshadowed by the Catholic Church - the Renaissance humanists rediscovered this-worldly philosophy of Aristotle and critical-realist Socrates over the other-worldly philosophy of Plato.
	www.butterfliesandwheels.com /printer_friendly.php?num=46 (3870 words)

	arsenic poisoning in Bangladesh/India
		Bengal didn't remain unaffected and the rulers of Bengal were often under the control of the various rulers of Delhi and northern India.
		Stretching along the Bay of Bengal from the Naaf River (which separates Myanmar from Bangladesh) to Cape Negrais in southern Burma, the land and sea routes of Arakan connect it with Bengal to the west and Burma proper to the east, hence to the Far East and China.
		Bengal was partitioned again and the western half became the state of West Bengal in the Indian Union.
	www.sos-arsenic.net /english/intro (19385 words)

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