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Topic: Bengali cinema

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	Cinema of India Summary
		Cinema was introduced in India on 7 July 1896 when the Lumière brothers invited the residents of Mumbai (Bombay) to see their movies brought from France.
		The Tamil cinema also had a strong connection with South Indian politics because the famous Tamil film actor M. Ramachandran (1917–1987, known as MGR) became chief minister of the state of Tamil Nadu and was succeeded in that position by the actress Jayalitha.
		The principal difference between American and Indian commercial cinema is that Indian films usually feature periodic song-and-dance routines (thus they can be considered musical films) which, in a good movie, are expected to move the story forward (in mediocre movies, they are poorly integrated into the story).
	www.bookrags.com /Cinema_of_India (4819 words)

	Cinema of India - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tollygunge is a metonym for the Bengali film industry, long centered in the Tollygunge district of Kolkata.
		The Bengali language industry is notable as having nurtured the director Satyajit Ray, an internationally renowned filmmaker and a winner of many awards, among them the Bharat Ratna (India's highest civilian award), the Legion d'honneur (France), and the Lifetime achievement Academy Award.
		Indian cinema is also influencing the English and American musical; A.R. Rahman, India's star filmi composer, was recruited for Andrew Lloyd Webber's Bombay Dreams, and a musical version of Hum Aapke Hain Koun played in London's West End.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cinema_of_India (1259 words)

	Encyclopedia: Bengali cinema (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Bengali cinema, or the Bengali film industry, is one of the earliest film industries in India.
		The contribution of Bengali film industry to Indian film is quite important.
		The Bengali film industry has produced classics like 'Pather Panchali', 'Devi', 'Jalsaghar', 'Devdas', 'Meghe Dhaka Tara' etc. Bimal Roy (July 12, 1909â€”January 7, 1966), nicknamed Bimalda, was one of the most successful Hindi film directors of all time.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Bengali-cinema (495 words)

	Cinema
		Bengali cinema Bengali Cinema is one of the earliest film industries in India.
		Cinema of Australia The cinema of Australia has a long history—in fact, it is claimed that the first feature-lengt...
		Empire (cinema) The Empire is a large London, one of many large cinemas in and adjoining the square which are used for m...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/cinema.html (606 words)

	Collective Chaos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The cinema of Satyajit Ray is a rare blend of intellect and emotions.
		Though initially inspired by the neo-realist tradition, his cinema belongs not to a specific category or style but a timeless meta-genre of a style of story telling that touches the audience in some way.
		The atmosphere in which the drama unfolds itself is reminiscent of the silent cinema of the great Russian masters, full of long shots, low angles, big close-ups, heavy movements and formal grouping of figures.
	www.collectivechaos.org /devi.html (1483 words)

	Ritwik Ghatak (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Cinema still seems to be the ideal medium for this because I can reach umpteen billions once the work is done.
		Operating on a position totally different to that of Satyajit Ray (with whom, however, he shared the same classical humanist background) for whom the development of a story with its minutest details and careful study of characters was most important, Ritwik was more bent on epic Indian approach.
		The occasional echo of classical Soviet cinema is there, but this doesn't prevent him from being a class by himself." - Satyajit Ray wrote in a foreward to a collection of Ritwik's articles on cinema titled `Cinema and I'.
	www.onmag.com /ritwik.htm (1815 words)

	The Hindu Business Line : Bengali films fight back
		The Bengali film industry is on a roll, and with the spate of Bengali films that are going into theatres — about 700 are reserved these days exclusively for Bengali films — it looks like bad times are over.
		The Bengali film industry, which had been a beacon for the country's film industry until the 1980s, is in a turnaround mode.
		According to a report on the Bengali film industry put up jointly by the CII and Ernst & Young, the general fare dished out to the Bengali audience over the last couple of decades was very poor both in terms of aesthetic standards and commercial viability.
	www.thehindubusinessline.com /life/2004/04/05/stories/2004040500100200.htm (1048 words)

	Film Production scene in Tollygunge
		Apart from being the address of the bengali gentry and its links with Uttamkumar it is also known as the play ground of an extinct species known as bengali cinema.
		Bengali cinema had acquired such a good will in the 60’s that leading actresses of hindi cinema considered it their pride to be invited to work in them.
		So, why should he go to a cinema house and pay to watch something which is far inferior and in terms of standard and entertainment value, asks Mr.
	www.bengalonthenet.com /culture/cinema/film_production_scene_in_tollygu.shtml (1269 words)

	Netguruindia News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Sunil regretted that the Bengalis are losing their spirit and uniqueness and being oblivious to rich literary tradition of Bengali literature.
		He suggested why didn't the Bengalis donate just one rupee, and there are lakhs of them, for the Bengali cinema which would rev up the sagging of Bengali cinema.
		The Bengali drama has made as many as 250 plays out of Shakespeare of which 50 have been played out on the stage.
	www.netguruindia.com /news/Sep01/17/CAL7.html (639 words)

	A tribute to Satyajit Ray and his films \| Satyajit ray \| Bengali Cinema
		Satyajit Ray is one of the greatest masters of the filmmaker in Indian cinema.
		He made his films in Bengali that is the language spoken in the eastern part of India that is West Bengal.
		Today the Bengali directors who have received acclamation for their movies like Rituparno Ghosh, Aparna Sen and goutam Ghosh still think and always recall the works of Satyajit Ray and he will always be remembered.
	living.oneindia.in /celebrity/satyajit-ray.html (949 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Bengali cinema
		The history of cinema in Bengal dates back to the 1890s, when the first "bioscopes" were shown in theatres in Calcutta.
		The first Bengali film to be made as a talkie was an adaptation of Tagore's short story, Dena Paona, released in 1931.
		It was at this time that the early heroes of the Bengali film industry like Pramathesh Barua and Debaki Bose were at the peak of their popularity.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Bengali_cinema (719 words)

	Regional Indian Cinema (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The intellectual quality that permeates most of Bengali cinema - the understanding but also the relentless exposition of individuals and situations - can seem to contrast with the passions and swashbuckling heroes of Tamil and Telugu cinema.
		Regional cinema became a force to reckon with due to the enterprise of certain individuals and more than that, due to the studios they established.
		Both films were very popular and inspired the DMK to use the cinema medium to further their cause.
	www.indiaheritage.com /perform/cinema/regional/regional.htm (709 words)

	The Telegraph - Calcutta : Look
		Bengali cinema declined in the Eighties when most of the films that Tollywood churned out could at best be described as a poor man’s B-grade Hindi film.
		For Bengali cinema, this may be a new territory, but overseas markets have already been tried and tested by both Bollywood and the Southern film industry.
		The Bengal cinema industry has had little to write home about, barring a few instances of international releases of films such as Rituparno Ghosh’s Chokher Bali, which was released in theatres in the US and UK for a three-week period two years ago.
	www.telegraphindia.com /1051211/asp/look/story_5575395.asp (955 words)

	BENGALI CINEMA : Encyclopedia Entry
		There are two Bengali film industries, one in Dhaka, Bangladesh (called Dhallywood), and one in Kolkata, India.
		It enjoys large, even disproportionate, representation in Indian cinema, and has produced an Academy Award winner, Satyajit Ray, an acknowledged great of world film and recipient of India and France's greatest honours, the Bharat Ratna and Legion of Honor.
		The most well known Bengali filmstar till date has been Uttam Kumar; he and costar Suchitra Sen were known as The Eternal Pair.
	www.bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/Bengali_cinema (364 words)

	Bangladesh ShowBiz - Crisis in film industry: Dwindling Cinegoers in City
		The cinema of Bangladesh is one of the least discussed Asian cinemas, so debates about issues such as its originating moment are still in their infancy.
		However, especially due to the protests of Bengali Hindus, in 1911 the partition of Bengal was withdrawn: Calcutta again became the capital for an undivided Bengal, while the capital of India was transferred from Calcutta to Delhi.
		This is the discourse that helped to unite the Bengali Muslim middle-class of East Pakistan in the 1960s under the leadership of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and fostered the popular protest against the West Pakistani military rule that ended with the liberation war of 1971.
	www.bangladeshshowbiz.com /bangla_cinema/history_background_bangla_cinema.htm (3755 words)

	Regional Indian Cinema (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The intellectual quality that permeates most of Bengali cinema - the understanding but also the relentless exposition of individuals and situations - can seem to contrast with the passions and swashbuckling heroes of Tamil and Telugu cinema.
		Regional cinema became a force to reckon with due to the enterprise of certain individuals and more than that, due to the studios they established.
		Both films were very popular and inspired the DMK to use the cinema medium to further their cause.
	www.indiaheritage.org /perform/cinema/regional/regional.htm (709 words)

	Trend Watch -- THE CHANGING FACE OF BENGALI CINEMA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Over the years, Bengali commercial cinema began to go through bad days, with a churning out of Mumbai clones where only the dialogue was in Bengali and the whole film was a straight copy of some, crudely made and shoddily plotted Hindi melodrama.
		Sadly however, Mumbaiyya Bengalis who tried to make Bengali films in their home state to get back to their roots, were destined to face the biggest flops of their careers.
		The industry is not sorry about this turn in the tide in average Bengali cinema simply because of the logic of sheer economics.
	www.screenindia.com /jun23/film12.htm (717 words)

	Bengali
		It is the essence and pride of all Bengalis, no matter where they reside and for however many years they have been away from West Bengal (India) or Bangladesh, the two places where it is spoken as a native language.
		Bengali is more than a language for it opens the door to a whole vista of rich cultural material, that is both traditional and contemporary.
		For this language, whose origins lie in the middle of the tenth century, allows one to simultaneously explore the ancient traditions as well as appreciate the prevailing trends of a community of people who hold onto their traditional values, but at the same time are eager to explore new paths in diverse directions.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /~wheelerm/bengali.htm (514 words)

	The Arts of Bengal
		Bengali cinema had to fight against an unequal battle with Hindi cinema, which had far greater resources in all circumstances.
		Bengali cinema was thus going into a tremendous loss but was not swamped away because of two major things.
		It ushered in a period of resurgence in Bengali cinema that restored its position of leadership of Indian Art cinema.
	bengalnet.tripod.com /arts_movies.htm (603 words)

	Bengali Cinema (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Bānglā (বাংলা) or Bengali is the language spoken by the populations of Bangladesh and the neighboring state of West Bengal in India.
		Bengali is an English word referring to both the language and the people speaking the language; in the Bengali language itselfthe tongue is called Bānglā, (বাঙলা), a term now finding more usage in English; inBangla, the people are called Bāngāli (বাংলা).
		The traditional area of habitation ofBengali peoples is called Bengal in English and Bongo (usually transliterated as "Banga") or Bangla in Bengali ("Bangadesh" and"Bangladesh"/"Bangla Desh" were terms used for the entire region before partition of Bengal).
	www.daikaiju.com /edge/16532-bengali%20cinema.html (315 words)

	::Welcome To Bangla Cinema::
		History of Bengali cinema dates back to 1898, when Hiralal Sen had established the Royal Bioscope Company, which was the first exhibition-production organization of the Bengalis.
		Bengali cinema evolved into current form and occupied a place of honor as the art of photography and filmmaking evolved in this part of the country.
		Years past and the begali film industry given birth to various talents as directors,actors,actresses,singers,composers,musicians and many more who devoted their life and creativity to nurish the bengali culture in celluloids and established milestones in history of films and entertainment.
	www.banglacinema.net (241 words)

	Subrata stirs up a bold genre in Bengali cinema- The Times of India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Be it a young college goer falling in love with an already engaged elderly man and giving quaint shapes to her sharp pangs of jealousy or an unwed mother living with her head held high despite the hurt inside, 'real' people inhabit his celluloids.
		English was also a natural choice for the theme of this apparently heroine-centric movie, which tells the story of a happily married career woman of the 21st century looking for adventure outside marriage with questions of post-marital morality bogging her.
		The journalist-turned-director, who realised his love for cinema even while reporting on political issues for The Statesman in Delhi, says he was more than comfortable in English as the medium.
	www1.timesofindia.indiatimes.com /cms.dll/articleshow?msid=44350110 (704 words)

	BollyWHAT?: The Beginner's Guide to the Bengali Film Industry
		It would not be amiss, then, to assume that Bengali cinema occupies a place of honor amongst the film industries of India.
		During the 1950s and '60s, Bollywood actors considered an invitation to work in Tollygunge (the headquarters for Bengali filmdom, and the root of its occasional nickname, Tollywood) the ultimate compliment.
		Literary adaptations, which have long been the source of the best Bengali films, are no longer in vogue, viewed as too elitist to reap returns.
	www.bollywhat.com /beyond/bengali.html (627 words)

	The Hindu Business Line : Bengali films to get `showcased' in US
		While film buffs in the West were familiar with names such asSatyajit Ray and Mrinal Sen, there was a demand for Bengali commercial films, besides what the parallel movies, among the NRI Bengalis.
		IN a bid to bring mainstream Bengali cinema to the international arena Kala, Music and Play Inc (KMP), a California-based event management company, has decided to institute awards for Bengali films made in West Bengal as well as Dhaka.
		He said that while film buffs in the West were familiar with names such asSatyajit Ray and Mrinal Sen, there was a demand for Bengali commercial films, besides what the parallel movies, among the NRI Bengalis.
	www.thehindubusinessline.com /2004/03/03/stories/2004030301601300.htm (426 words)

	[Reader-list] 2nd posting - madhuja mukherjee
		And, what comes forth is, if the project was to ‘retrieve Glass Negatives of the Studio Era of Bengali Cinema’ and map the histories of cinematic practices of that era, from the first phase of scanning emerge - Publicity Material of diverse films – largely Hindi and that of late 1940s and early 1950s.
		Nevertheless, the filmography itself, as well as reviews, news, letters to the editors and publicity material indicate that a highly heterogeneous body of films were being produced that demand relocation in the wider context of cultural politics and politics of culture.
		Therefore, this to propose that, negotiations with cinema within city spaces may not be adequately understood simply through our understanding of the Bengali Bhadralok ethos.
	mail.sarai.net /pipermail/reader-list/2004-April/003584.html (575 words)

	Indo-Asian News Service -> India-Cinema-Bengal -> Bengali quotient in national awards enthuses filmmakers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Kolkata, July 14 (IANS) A strong Bengali presence in this year's national film awards has come as a morale booster for the film fraternity here which believes in carrying forward the rich tradition of Satyajit Ray and Ritwick Ghatak.
		While habitual National Award winner Buddhadeb Dasgupta was selected best director for his film "Swapner Din", predominantly Bengali filmmaker Rituparno Ghosh sprang a surprise by bagging the best feature film in Hindi award for the Aishwarya Rai-Ajay Devgan starrer "Raincoat".
		While the film is awaiting commercial release in India, "Swapner Din" was the toast of Toronto Film Festival where it was screened under the Masters of World Cinema section.
	www.eians.com /stories/2005/07/14/14cf.shtml (430 words)

	South/Southeast Asian Cinema: A Selected Bibliography/Videography of Materials in the UC Berkeley Libraries
		Articles on the importance of chastity to the narrative of "Bharat mata"; realist Indian cinema of the 1950's; the position of the actor in Bombay cinema; and the threat to the national film industry from tv and video.
		She argues that, in the film, Ray's use of literary and historical images of Bengali modernity, especially concerning women, creates a wholesale reinscription of the past into the contemporary context of global cinema.
		Pointing out that Ray's appropriation into the canons of global cinema does not necessarily arise from cultural translatability and representational transparency, she notes that intelligibility may be based on universal expectations of knowledge created by a narrative's formal protocols.
	www.lib.berkeley.edu /MRC/AsianBib.html (9316 words)

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