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Topic: Bengali literature

	Bengali literature - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first evidence of Bengali literature is known as Charyapada or Charyageeti, buddhist hymns from the 8th century.
		The famous Bengali linguist Harprashad Shastri discovered the palm leaf Charyapada manuscript in the Nepal Royal Court Library in 1907.
		Raja Ram Mohan Roy arrived in Calcutta in 1814 and engaged in literary pursuits.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bengali_literature (1557 words)

	Bengali language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bengali is native to the region of eastern South Asia known as Bengal, which comprises Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal.
		Bengali is the 4th most widely spoken language of the world and the national and official language of Bangladesh and one of the 14 regional languages recognized by the Union of India.
		Bengali words are virtually all trochaic; the primary stress falls on the initial syllable of the word, while secondary stress often falls on all odd-numbered syllables thereafter, giving strings such as [shô-ho-jo-gi-ta] "cooperation", where the boldface represents primary and secondary stress.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bengali_language (5121 words)

	Promotional Site - Literature
		Rabindranath Tagore, the Nobel laureate Bengali poet, short-story writer, song composer, playwright, essayist, painter and philosopher was born into a distinguished Bengali family in Calcutta on May 7, 1861.
		Though he was primarily a poet, he touched all sections of Bangla literature and established the trends on solid footing.He received the Nobel Prize in 1913 for his Geetanjali (The Songs Offering).Bangla short story writing got the required impetus and form in the hands of Rabindranath.
		The modernist movement of modernizing Bengali literature was brought one step further during the 50s, especially with the emergence of the Krittivas magazine.
	www.bangla-online.info /BanglaLanguage/Literature.htm (3260 words)

	Overview of Bengali language and literature
		Bengali (Bangla bhasha) is one of the official languages of India, mainly spoken in the states of West Bengal and Tripura.
		It is said to have emerged as a separate language in around 1000 A.D. The Bengali literature found its base on poetry.
		This description excludes many of the stalwarts of Bengali literature (specially in the contemporary time) and is only a very short introduction to the great language.
	geocities.com /aboltabol_new/overview.htm (677 words)

	Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The term literature is a site of ideological conflict; it may be taken to refer exclusively to those canonical works in the established genres which 'have pleased many and pleased long' (Dr Johnson), or inclusively to the sum total of writings which are read, even the most ephemeral, such as comics and newspapers.
		Literature is a body of written (or oral) works, such as novels, poems, or plays, that use words to stimulate the imagination and confront the reader with a unique vision of life.
		Literature can be experienced privately, for example when we read a poem in the quiet of our own room, or publicly, such as when we attend a play.
	encyclozine.com /Literature (690 words)

	Indian English literature - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Indian English Literature (IEL) refers to the body of work by writers in India who write in the English language and whose native or co-native language could be one of the numerous languages of India.
		Rabindranath Tagore wrote in Bengali and English and was responsible for the translations of his own work into English.
		Lal, a poet, translator, publisher and essayist, is the epitome of the literateur, and besides translating the entire Mahabharata into English, has written many essays in defense of Indian literature in English.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indian_writing_in_English (1470 words)

	History of Bangladesh
		These poem-songs in old Bengali, designed to be sung with a particular rage, constitute an integral part of the heritage of Bangladesh and the basis of a long established tradition of poetry which has survived to the present day.
		Bengali was adopted in Assam, Nefa, Orissa, Arakan, Ranchi and Bihar.
		Bengali was the common language and literature of the masses.
	www.bongoz.com /history (7883 words)

	Seasons India :: Literature in Bengali Language - Writers
		Bengali novel originated from Bankimchandra, Tagore modernised it and Saratchandra set the trends of realism and protest in it.
		His last complete novel Ses Prasna (The Final Question, 1931) is an attempt at the 'intellectual' novel where the meager theme is inflated by high brow talks on problems of the individual and of the society relating principally to love and marriage.
		Considered one of the boldest of Bengali female writers since late 1950s, Mahasweta Devi wrote novels and short stories based on historical subjects as also on topics of social and political relevance.
	www.seasonsindia.com /art_culture/lit_bengali_sea.htm (1103 words)

	INDIAN MIRROR - ARTS - Literature
		Sanskrit literature is at least 3000 years old and its role in maintaining the unity and culture of India can be seen from the various periods of literature including the Vedas and the classicals.
		The history of Hindi literature begins around 1000 A.D. The main trendsetters in the early period till the 14th century were the Siddhas, the Jain poets, the Antha Panthis and the Heroic poets.
		The Golden period of Punjabi literature is undoubtedly the period of the Sikh gurus beginning with Guru Nanak and continuing till the passing away of the Guru Gobind Singh.
	www.indianmirror.com /arts/arts7.html (2773 words)

	Bengali Language,official Language of Bengal,Regional Languages of Bengal,Mother Tongue of Bengal
		Bengali or Bangla as a Bengali would say, is also a member of the Indo-European family of languages.
		Michael Madhusudan Datta (1834-1873) and Bankim Chandra Chatterjee (1838-1898) were the founders of the modern age in Bengali literature.
		Madhusudan was the first Bengali poet to write in blank verse and combined western influences into the essence Indian literature.
	www.indiasite.com /language/bengali.html (916 words)

	Culture - Literature - Bengali
		Bibhuti Bhushan Bandyapadhyay (1894-1950): An inimitable lyricist in prose, Bibhuti Bushan extended the perceptive world of Bengali fiction by his single contribution to the appreciation of the beauty of rural Bengal.
		Mahasweta Devi (1926): Considered one of the boldest of Bengali female writers since late 1950s, Mahasweta Devi wrote novels and short stories based on historical subjects as also on topics of social and political relevance.
		She was given the Jnanpith award in1996 for her contribution to Indian literature.
	www.geocities.com /ritwik_chatterjee/CultureLiteratureBengali.htm (1128 words)

	Literature in Ancient Bengal
		An early form of the bengali script is attested in manuscripts from this period.
		Just as the previous pala period saw the rise of bengali literature, the sena period was probably the high point of saMkRta literature in Bengal.
		Even though bengali tradition declares his father's name as medhAtithi (or tithimedhA), we know that he is the son of zrIhIra and mAmalladevI, and it is not even clear whether he is a bengali.
	members.tripod.com /~tanmoy/bengal/literature.html (2804 words)

	Bengali alphabet, pronunciation and language
		The Bengali alphabet is derived from the Brahmi alphabet.
		The former is the traditional literary style based on Middle Bengali of the sixteenth century, while the later is a 20th century creation and is based on the speech of educated people in Calcutta.
		The Bengali alphabet is a syllabic alphabet in which consonants all have an inherent vowel which has two different pronunciations, the choice of which is not always easy to determine and which is sometimes not pronounced at all.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/bengali.htm (526 words)

	All about Bangla (Bengali) Literature
		In Bengali literature Jasimuddin is known as ‘PalliKabi’ (Rural poet).
		Jasimuddin was born in the village of Tambulkhana of Faridpur District.
		In Bengali literature especially in children’s literature both Upendra and Sukumar are towering figures.
	write-translate.blogspot.com (3282 words)

	Jatras the traveling theatre, Bengali literature, worship of god.
		In Bengali literature of the middle ages the word yatra meant worship of god.
		Greatly influenced by the rich Bengali tradition and literature, Jatra is one of the most crystallized folk theater in India.
		In modern jatras, dialogues have replaced verse and the rich old formal Bengali that had the flavour of the soil of Bengal is being replaced by sophisticated polished film langage.
	www.indiaprofile.com /religion-culture/jatras.htm (1739 words)

	Bengali
		Bengali, or the Eastern New Indo-Aryan language, is the official language of Bangladesh and is spoken by approximately 110 million people.
		Middle Bengali texts included a rich variety of literature on traditional Indian themes, which are remarkable in view of the fact that Bengal was Moslem.
		The Bengali literature is also replete with folklore such as the Songs of Bauls, or wandering minstrels, and the Yatras, the nocturnal celebrations of the Hindu gods and goddesses.
	si.unm.edu /linguistics/bengali/BENGALI.HTM (1003 words)

	Culturopedia.com - Literature of India~Indian Writing in English
		The beginning of Indian literature in English is traced to the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th, by which time English education was more or less firmly established in the three major centers of British power in India - Calcutta, Madras and Bombay.
		Aurobindo Gosh (1872-1950) was a poet philosopher and sage, for whom poetry was akin to a form of mediation.
		It may be mentioned that most Indian writers in English from the early period hailed from Calcutta, the first stronghold of the British, than other places in the country.
	www.culturopedia.com /Literature/english_literature.html (941 words)

	Virtual Bangladesh : Literature
		During the mediaeval period Bengali literature developed considerably with the patronage of Muslim rulers.
		The era of modern Bengali Literature began in the late nineteenth century.
		Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyai, Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyai, Mir Mosharraf Hossain and Kazi Ahdul Wadud are the pioneers of modern Bengali Literature.
	www.virtualbangladesh.com /bd_literature.html (143 words)

	Calcuttaweb - Literature
		It is believed by many that the Bengali Buddhist Acharyas were the founders of the Sahajayana.
		Those were written in the form of poetry criticizing the performance of the Brahmins, ways of living of roving mendicants and of rites and rituals.
		The language that they had used to preach their religious views was still far from being used in the work of government, religious prayers and cultural activities.
	www.calcuttaweb.com /lit.htm (957 words)

	Literature
		The earliest Indian literature took the form of the canonical Hindu sacred writings, known as the Veda, which were written in Sanskrit.
		The literature of those languages depended largely on the ancient Indian background, which includes the Sanskrit epics, the Mahabharata and Ramayana, the Krishna story as told in the Bhagavata-Purana, the other Puranic legends, and the fable anthologies.
		In addition, the Sanskrit philosophies were the source of philosophical writing in the later literatures, and the Sanskrit schools of rhetoric were of great importance for the development of court poetry in many of the modern literatures.
	www.hindustan.org /index/literature.htm (391 words)

	In Praise of Calcutta and Bengali Women
		Reading of European Literature has made Bengali young men susceptible to beauty that invites both on sensual and aesthetic plane and a creative synthesis of both is divinely gratifying.
		Bengalis got convinced and quite strongly that one of the reasons why Lord has said “Let there be Word” was to create some other world, charted nicely in some finite Manifesto.
		The tragedy is this: Bengali women, her inner psyche could not comprehend it and argument with a Bengali is as dangerous as a religious war because it will go nowhere and will stop nowhere.
	personal.vsnl.com /calcutta/calcutta2.html (2035 words)

	Literature Web Directory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Institute for the Translation of Hebrew Literature, Bnei Brak, Israel.
		Nobel laureate for literature (1913), and one of modern India's greatest poets.
		History of Persian literature, an article in English.
	www.zeroland.co.nz /literature_directory.html (465 words)

	Amardeep Singh: Early Bengali Science Fiction
		Bengalis are (or used to be) bookish people and not for nothing.
		Bengali children's literature is a gem and perhaps its existence is not as well known as its adult counterpart.
		I just did a story on contemporary children's literature in English, and it struck me while I was working on it how very much richer Bengali children's literature of even three or four decades ago was in terms of themes and styles.
	www.lehigh.edu /~amsp/2006/05/early-bengali-science-fiction.html (3063 words)

	Romantic Archives: Literature and the Politics of Identity in Bengal by Dipesh Chakrabarty
		Here it is useful to pay some attention to the works of Dinesh Chandra Sen, the pioneering historian and a lifelong devotee of Bengali literature.4 Once hailed as the foremost historian of Bengali literature, he was lampooned by a younger generation of intellectuals in the 1930s who faulted his sense of both politics and history.
		Born in a village in the district of Dhaka in 1866, Dinesh Chandra Sen (or Dinesh Sen for short) graduated from the University of Calcutta with honors in English literature in 1889 and was appointed the headmaster of Comilla Victoria School in 1891 in Comilla in Bangladesh.
		His almost exclusive identification of Bengali literature with the Hindu heritage, his idealization of many patriarchal and Brahmanical precepts, and his search for a pure Bengali essence bereft of all foreign influence will today arouse the legitimate ire of contemporary critics.
	www.uchicago.edu /research/jnl-crit-inq/issues/v30/30n3.Chakrabarty.html (1054 words)

	Cyber_Bangladesh : Literature
		Books on Learning Bengali and Institutions that teach Bengali in North America, and Radio Frequencies for Radio Bangladesh.
		Hear the greeting in Bengali from the Voyager spacecraft.
		KOBITA, over 100 fresh new bengali kobita and bengali poem forum and kobita cards as well as many more kabita stuff are here.
	www.cyberbangladesh.org /literature.html (508 words)

	Indian Literature
		Bengali Literature - the history of Bengali literature.
		Kumaranasan - poet in Indian languages and Indian literature.
		Perspective of a NRI - literature on NRI.
	www.usindiainfo.com /literature.htm (109 words)

	Indian Literature,Literature In India,English Literature In India,Classic Literature In India
		Foundation of SAARC Writers and Literature - SAARC Literary Wing of Academy of Fine Arts and Literature providing information about more than 100 writers and poet, literacy awards, library interaction and photo gallery.
		Sunil Gangopadhyay - A living legend of modern Bengali literature and for his dedication and achievements in this area.
		Bengali Literature - Provide information about Bangali literature, poetry, prose and more.
	www.surfindia.com /arts-cultures/literature (611 words)

	Women's World \| Literature
		The Bengali versions of ‘Madhumalati’ are free adaptations with more emphasis on the narration of fables.
		Some of the mentionable features in these works were (a) the love between a man and a fairy, (b) Transformation of a human being into a bird, (c) Encountering a demon to free the captured heroine from the captor and in the process killing the Demon.
		The general characteristics in these Bengali romantic narratives were primarily the tone of love and passion.
	www.bangla2000.com /Women's_World/Literature/Archive/7-16-2000/literature1.html (561 words)

	INDIAN : WORLD LITERATURE : LITERATURE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Discussions of contemporary literature of south Asia, including works by authors of south Asian origin throughout the world.
		Literature and issues of the South Asian diaspora.
		Seshendra is a trendsetter both in poetry and criticism, occupies a place of crucial importance in the development and evolution of Modern Indian literature.
	www.artfv.com /literature/world_literature/indian (331 words)

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