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Topic: Benjamin Ellicott

	Andrew Ellicott - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ellicott showed considerable diplomatic talent during this joint project to bring it to a successful completion, and he presented his final report with maps to the government in 1800.
		Ellicott returned to private practice and was hired in February 1811 by David B. Mitchell, then governor of Georgia, to re-survey the border between Georgia and North Carolina to settle a border dispute between these two states.
		In 1817, Ellicott was again called upon to participate as astronomer in a field survey to establish the western border between Canada and the United States, which had been defined after the War of 1812 in the Treaty of Ghent to run along 45°N. It was the last big survey that he performed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Andrew_Ellicott (1627 words)

	Benjamin Banneker - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Benjamin Banneker's mother was Mary Bannakay, whose Caucasian mother, Molly Welsh, was accused of stealing milk and grahams and sent from England to the colonies as punishment.
		Benjamin's father, Robert Bannakay, built a series of dams and watercourses that successfully irrigated the family farm at Ellicott's Mills, where Banneker lived most of his life.
		In early 1791, Joseph Ellicott's Quaker brother, Andrew Ellicott, hired Banneker to assist in a survey of the boundaries of the future 100 square-mile District of Columbia, which was to contain the federal capital city (the city of Washington) in the portion of the District that was northeast of the Potomac River.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Benjamin_Banneker (990 words)

	Benjamin Banneker
		Benjamin Banneker (1731-1806), an African American mathematician and amateur astronomer, calculated ephemeredes for almanacs for the years 1792 through 1797 that were widely distributed.
		On Nov. 9, 1731, Benjamin Banneker was born in Baltimore County, Md. He was the son of an African slave named Robert, who had bought his own freedom, and of Mary Banneky, who was the daughter of an Englishwoman and a free African slave.
		In February 1791 Maj. Andrew Ellicott was appointed to survey the 10-mile square of the Federal Territory for a new national capital, and Banneker worked in the field as his scientific assistant for several months.
	www.africawithin.com /bios/ben_banneker.htm (692 words)

	Black History Month Biography-Benjamin Banneker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Benjamin Banneker was born on November 9, 1731, near Baltimore, Maryland.
		Benjamin Banneker was born on a farm near the Patapsco River.
		Benjamin set out for "The Federal Territory" when he was 59 years old, to survey the land set aside for Washington, D.C. Benjamin traveled with Major Andrew Ellicott (Benjamin was his scientific assistance for the survey) to Alexandria.
	www.newton.mec.edu /bigelow/classroom/yerardi/blackhistory04/02blackhist04al3/02blackhist04al3index.htm (1029 words)

	Community History: Community History
		Ellicott City enjoys a rich and varied history, from its origin as the tiny trade center of "Ellicott's Mills" to the present seat of rapidly urbanizing Howard County.
		Closely associated with George Ellicott was Benjamin Banneker, a free Black born in 1731 near the area later called Ellicott's Mills.
		Ellicott City's Charter was surrendered in 1935 and its Main Street has experienced a gradual change in character from a mixed commercial and residential area to an almost entirely commercial area today.
	co.ho.md.us /HCG_Portal_Communities_EllicottCity.htm (347 words)

	Benjamin Banneker Biography
		From 1792 through 1797 Benjamin Banneker, an African American mathematician and amateur astronomer, calculated ephemerides (tables of the locations of stars and planets) for almanacs that were widely distributed and influential.
		On November 9, 1731, Benjamin Banneker was born in Baltimore County, Maryland.
		In February 1791 Major Andrew Ellicott (1754–1820), an American surveyor (one who maps out new lands for development), was appointed to survey the 10-mile square of the Federal Territory for a new national capital.
	www.notablebiographies.com /Ba-Be/Banneker-Benjamin.html (746 words)

	BENJAMIN BANNEKER 1731-1806 - Mathematicians of the African Diaspora
		On Nov. 9, 1731, a son, Benjamin, was born to Robert and Mary Bannaky.
		Joseph Ellicott was an amateur mathematician and astronomer and lent Banneker books on astronomy and mathematics as well as instruments for observing the stars.
		In response to Jefferson, Benjamin Banneker sent a copy of his almanac along with a twelve page twelve page letter to Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson requesting aid in improving the lot of American Blacks.
	www.math.buffalo.edu /mad/special/banneker-benjamin.html (1310 words)

	Joseph Ellicott (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Benjamin, one of the third generation also, was member of congress from New York.
		Joseph Ellicott, more especially referred to herein, was the surveyor, and is considered the founder of Buffalo, the second city in importance of the Empire State.
		Benjamin was assistant to Joseph in the service of the Holland Company, an association of merchants of Amsterdam, Holland, owning large tracts of land in New York and Pennsylvania.
	ah.bfn.org /h/ell/bio/index.html (767 words)

	benbanneker2
		Benjamin's intellect was recognized from the beginning and by the age of six he was helping neighboring farmers with their accounts.
		Ellicott had received an excellent formal education, was a prodigious amateur scientist and astronomer, and owned a large library.
		Perhaps with encouragement from the Ellicotts, Banneker sent Thomas Jefferson a 10,000-word letter pointing out the discrepancies between the Declaration of Independence's assertion of the equality of all men and the institution of slavery.
	www.nathanielturner.com /benbanneker2.htm (1375 words)

	Line of Demarcation
		As Silvio Bedini notes in his Life of Benjamin Banneker: "Ellicott preferred to establish his main encampment on the top of the highest available elevation in the region to be surveyed, and he customarily sought the protection of trees or the edge of a forest for additional protection when possible.
		Ellicott had remarked in some of his writings that when the stars were so near the zenith they were affected by the different refractive powers of the atmosphere which derived from the varying degrees of density.
		The focus will be on the social and political events that shaped the survey, Ellicott's journey, his astronomical observations and survey work, all in the context of the original ground and existing monumentation.
	www.surveyhistory.org /line_of_demarcation.htm (1633 words)

	Explore DC: Benjamin Banneker
		Benjamin Banneker is one of the most interesting figures in the history of early Washington.
		As an adult, he was an accomplished farmer and later combined his knowledge of farming, mathematics, and astronomy to write almanacs to help farmers determine the best times to plant and harvest their crops based on the movement of the sun, moon and stars.
		When Banneker was 60 years old, he was asked by his neighbor, Andrew Ellicott, to help him survey the land for the new federal city, and the two worked together seven days a week for three months.
	www.exploredc.org /index.php?id=22&base=13 (230 words)

	L³ - The Lewis And Clark Rediscovery Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Ellicott was America's foremost surveyor along with being an accomplished astronomer and mathematician.
		Raised in Ellicott Mills, MD, the town founded by his father, Ellicott was quite accomplished by the time Lewis visited him at Ellicott's Lancaster, PA, home in April 1803.
		Ellicott had already conducted several large surveys that established state and territorial boundaries.
	www.l3-lewisandclark.com /ShowOneObject.asp?SiteID=29&ObjectID=70 (268 words)

	Benjamin Banneker, Man and Myth
		Pierre L'Enfant did not depart Washington until the following February, leaving Benjamin Ellicott, a brother of the principal surveyor, to draw a small version of the plan to be engraved.
		Benjamin Banneker's phenomenal story would get its due if the park dedicated to him served as the entrance court to the museum of his people.
		Benjamin Banneker might wonder why people are more impressed by fanciful tales of his recreating L'Enfant's plan from memory than by his technical skill in maintaining the accuracy of the regulator clock.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/content/article/2005/11/11/AR2005111101587_pf.html (512 words)

	Africans in America/Part 2/Benjamin Banneker
		Benjamin Banneker -- author, scientist, mathematician, farmer, astronomer, publisher and urban planner -- was descended from enslaved Africans, an indentured English servant, and free men and women of color.
		Young Benjamin grew up in Baltimore County, one of two hundred free fls among a population of four thousand slaves and thirteen thousand whites.
		In 1788, with tools and books borrowed from Ellicott, Banneker nearly accurately predicted the timing of an eclipse of the sun, discovering later that his minor error was due to a discrepancy in his expert sources rather than a miscalculation on his part.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/aia/part2/2p84.html (512 words)

	Historic Ellicott City, MD - Historic Ellicott City's History
		In 1771 the Ellicott brothers purchased many acres east of the river in the valley known as the "Hollow." Although the valley was uninhabitable, they were not alone; other settlers lived along the bluffs overlooking the river.
		However, the Ellicotts learned that through the use of ground plaster of Paris to fertilize the depleted soils, the land could be made suitable for growing grain.
		By 1774 the Ellicotts were milling wheat and other grains at their new mill on the east side of the river in Baltimore County.
	www.ellicottcity.net /tourism/history (1541 words)

	African-Americans: Free African-Americans: Benjamin Banneker: Bio
		Benjamin Banneker from a first day issue envelope.
		Born in a time of unequal rights for African-Americans, Benjamin Banneker succeeded in becoming a well known and well respected mathematician, inventor, and astronomer.
		In honor of his contributions to the city of Washington, DC, a memorial circle and fountain have been constructed in the nation's capital.
	www.jmu.edu /madison/center/main_pages/madison_archives/era/african/free/banneker/bio.htm (480 words)

	A Brief History of the Town of Amherst - Amherst Museum
		Benjamin Ellicott and John Thompson, agents for the Holland Land Company, purchased all of what would become Amherst for $2.00 per acre.
		In 1801, Joseph Ellicott, who worked for this company, was sent to survey the land so an accurate map could be used to sell the land to settlers.
		Along Ellicott Creek there were seven grist mills, several saw mills, a tannery and boot and shoe factory, carding works, bedstead factory and two forges.
	www.amherstmuseum.org /history.htm (1865 words)

	ED YOUNG'S TRUE VALUE ~A History of the Town of Amherst NY Chapter 2~
		Benjamin Ellicott, a brother of Joseph, and John Thomson knew the value of water power, luxuriant forest and productive soil.
		Because the Article of Agreement was between Joseph Ellicott as agent for the Holland Lana Company and his brother Benjamin and John Thomson, who were surveyors under him, there is some uncertainty as to the legality of the record.
		In his report to the Holland Land Company, Joseph Ellicott stated that, since the title of the property has been disputed, he felt that it would be policy to sell it to his brother Benjamin, convincing the public of the right of the company's title.
	www.edyoungs.com /events/toa_book_chapter2.php (1516 words)

	African American Registry: Mathematician Benjamin Banneker had a vision
		From Ellicott, MD., at the age of 22, Benjamin Banneker created a working clock from wood after studying the watch of a friend.
		It was not until after his retirement from farming at the age of 59 that Banneker began to study astronomy through borrowed books, becoming a man of science and mathematics through unassisted experimentation and close observation of natural phenomena.
		Benjamin Banneker built a clock out of wood, planned the survey for the establishment of the city Washington, D. C., and published important almanacs, and died in 1806.
	www.aaregistry.com /african_american_history/435/Mathematician_Benjamin_Banneker_had_a_vision (314 words)

	[No title]
		Ellicott provided books, scientific instruments and encouragement to his neighbor Banneker, a freeman whose self-taught knowledge of astronomy made him one of the most respected scientific minds of his era.
		When the nation was new, the Ellicotts ran a flour mill and a general store on their homestead in a place that eventually became Ellicott City.
		The Ellicott descendant in question, Indianapolis resident Elizabeth Wilde, has the right to auction off the 20 or so artifacts for whatever they may bring, and she has not made any public statement as to what needs may have influenced the decision to do so.
	www.seorf.ohiou.edu /~xx057/banneker.html (2606 words)

	Professional Surveyor Magazine
		Ellicott also prepared what he called a "topographical map," which showed the boundary lines of the Purchase and their interferences with neighboring tracts.
		Therefore, Ellicott had his brother Benjamin build a transit instrument during the winter of 1797–1798 because the only transportable one in the United States was being used by Andrew Ellicott at Natchez on the Mississippi River (Bingham 1937, p.
		Ellicott called the plan "a ridiculous reservation" that, in the long run, would hurt the Indians and it be detrimental to the proprietors of the adjoining lots.
	www.profsurv.com /newpsm/archive.php?issue=23&article=285 (3910 words)

	Benjamin Banneker
		Benjamin Banneker was an African American who made his mark as an inventor, surveyor, farmer, and for years has been referred to as "the first Negro Man of Science."
		Benjamin Banneker grew up on the family farm, known as "Bannaky Springs" due to the fresh water springs on the land.
		Benjamin’s father’s work was so reliable that the Bannaky's crops flourished even in dry spells.
	www.kidpositive.com /extras/realside/banneker.html (617 words)

	Index: Joseph Ellicott (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Joseph Ellicott was also a very experienced surveyor of large parcels of land on the frontier.
		Ellicott then started obtaining equipment, boats, horses, food and other necessities including 200 blankets, 300 pounds of bar iron, 70 axes, 40 bells with collars, candles, hand saws, paper, ledgers, 100 pounds of ropes and also wine, spirits, and medicine.
		Joseph Ellicott had been through the Buffalo Creek area before in 1789 while assisting his brother Andrew with the surveying of the western boundary line of New York at this time the Hamlet had about five log cabins and a large Indian encampment.
	www.landmark-niagara.org /bac/ell/index.html (3353 words)

	Profile Publications
		Benjamin Ellicott and John Thompson, agents for the Holland Land Company, purchased all of what would become the Town of Amherst for $2 an acre.
		In 1801, Joseph Ellicott, who also worked for this company, was sent to survey the land so that an accurate map could be used to sell the land to settlers.
		Joseph Ellicott also was responsible for initiating the planning of many roads in Western New York, which, at that time were mostly narrow Native American trails, such as the “Great Iroquois Trail” that crossed New York State from Albany to Lake Erie.
	www.profilepublications.com /story.asp?story=6 (1470 words)

	BookRags: Benjamin Banneker Biography
		Benjamin Banneker (1731-1806), an African American mathematician and amateur astronomer, calculated ephemerides for almanacs for the years 1792 through 1797 that were widely distributed.
		Without further guidance or assistance, Banneker taught himself the science of astronomy; he made projections for solar and lunar eclipses and computed ephemerides (tables of the locations of celestial bodies) for an almanac.
		Andrew Ellicott was appointed to survey the 10-mile square of the Federal Territory for a new national capital, and Banneker worked in the field as his scientific assistant for several months.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/benjamin-banneker (540 words)

	[No title]
		Around town it was known as "Bannaky Springs" due to the fresh water springs on the land.
		Benjamin Banneker's Almanac" was a top seller from Pennsylvania to Virginia and even into Kentucky.
		BENJAMIN BANNEKER 1731-1806 - Mathematicians of the African Diaspora
	www.umary.edu /faculty/jlbrud/HIS271/Webographies/BenjaminBanneker.htm (877 words)

	Benjamin Banneker - National Surveyor's Hall of Fame
		Benjamin's father took great care to provide for his child by purchasing land in Benjamin's name when he was only about 5 years old.
		Young Benjamin grew up on the tobacco farm, and was taught to read by his grandmother Molly.
		Banneker proved to be a genius: at the age of 21, he was shown a pocket watch - perhaps for the first time - and because of his fascination with it, the owner, Josef Levi, allowed him to disassemble it for study.
	www.enetis.net /~surveyor/nshof/banneker.html (517 words)

	Washington, DC - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Washington, DC
		Benjamin Latrobe rebuilt the structure after it was damaged by the British forces in 1812, this work being completed by Charles Bulfinch.
		Land for the federal district was ceded by Maryland (1788) and Virginia (1789).
		From 1791 the city was designed and partly laid out by French architect Pierre Charles L'Enfant, whose work was completed by Andrew Ellicott and Benjamin Banneker.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Washington,+dc (1995 words)

	Washington DC History : Planning Our Capital City
		He took his plans for D.C. with him to France, but renowned mathematician, astronomer and publisher Benjamin Banneker, who was assisting commissioner Andrew Ellicott in the survey of the site, saved the project by reproducing the plans in their entirety from memory, according to The African American Almanac.
		But because the first name of Ellicott's new assistant was also Benjamin, the myth of Banneker remembering L'Enfant's plans took hold as Banneker was mistaken for Benjamin Ellicott.
		In 1791 Andrew Ellicott, who took over L'Enfant's position in 1792 when he was fired, asked Banneker, then 60, to help him survey the area for the national capital - a fact historians, authors, encyclopedias and diversity council members agree on.
	dcpages.ari.net /History/Planning_DC.shtml (1094 words)

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