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	Benjamin Peirce - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As a person he was devoutly Christian seeing "mathematics as study of God's work by God's creatures." He also had a son Charles Peirce who was also an accomplished scientist and scholar.
		Grattan-Guinness, Ivor, and Walsh, Alison (2005), "Benjamin Peirce", Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Edward N. Zalta (ed.), Eprint.
		O'Connor, John J., and Robertson, Edmund F. (2005), "Benjamin Peirce", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, Eprint.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Benjamin_Peirce (395 words)

	Charles Sanders Peirce
		Peirce held that the continuity of space, time, ideation, feeling, and perception is an irreducible deliverance of science, and that an adequate conception of the continuous is an extremely important part of all the sciences.
		Peirce's settled opinion was that logic in the broadest sense is to be equated with semeiotic, and that logic in a much narrower sense (which he typically called "logical critic") is one of three major divisions or parts of semeiotic.
		Peirce's word "speculative" is his Latinate version of the Greek-derived word "theoretical," and should be understood to mean exactly the word "theoretical." Peirce's tripartite division of semeiotic is not to be confused with Charles W. Morris's division: syntax, semantics, and pragmatics (although there may be some commonalities in the two trichotomies).
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/peirce (7382 words)

	Benjamin Pierce - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Benjamin Pierce (1757-1839) was a governor of New Hampshire in the 1820s, and father of U.S. President Franklin Pierce.
		Benjamin Pierce (1841-1853) was the last surviving son of U.S. President Franklin Pierce and died in a train accident just before his father's inauguration.
		Benjamin C. Pierce is a professor of computer science at the University of Pennsylvania.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Benjamin_Pierce (159 words)

	Charles Sanders Peirce [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Peirce was analytic and scientific, devoted to logical and scientific rigor, and an architectonic philosopher in the mold of Kant or Aristotle.
		Charles Sanders Peirce was born September 10th, 1839, in Cambridge, MA to Benjamin Peirce, the brilliant Harvard mathematician and astronomer, and Sarah Hunt Mills, the daughter of Senator Elijah Hunt Mills.
		Peirce remained consistently in the lower quarter of his class but his indifference to the work and disdain at the intellectual requirements asked of him seem to be the cause of his poor performance.
	www.iep.utm.edu /p/PeirceBi.htm (4186 words)

	Charles Peirce
		He is considered to be the founder of pragmatism and the father of modern semiotics. In recent decades, his thought has enjoyed renewed appreciation. At present, he is widely regarded as an innovator in many fields, especially the methodology of research and the philosophy of science.
		In 1887, Peirce moved with his second wife to Milford, Pennsylvania, where, after 26 years of prolific writing, he died of cancer. He had no children.
		Peirce, Charles S. The Essential Peirce, 2 vols. Edited by N. Houser, et al. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1992-98. An excellent edition of Peirce's most relevant philosophical works. The introductions to both volumes by Houser are the best brief presentation of Peirce written to date.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ch/Charles_S._Peirce.html (327 words)

	Joseph Ransdell, "Charles S. Peirce (1839-1914)" at ARISBE: THE PEIRCE GATEWAY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Peirce was extraordinarily competent and accomplished in the sciences generally, in the manner of a true polymath--not a mere dilettante, he was solidly established as a working scientist--he nevertheless always regarded himself as primarily a logician, though in a far broader sense of the word "logic" than it commonly carried then or carries now.
		Peirce's semiotic can be regarded as a systematic development of what is implicit in his precise and highly abstract theoretical refinement of the vague pre-theoretical idea of a sign, as the colloquial word "sign" (considered as a noun) is defined in any comprehensive dictionary of the English language.
		Peirce even thought it might have some application within the physical sciences, namely, to processes which are non-conservative or irreversible (in the physicist's sense), though he realized that its actual scope of effective application was something to be discovered and demonstrated in practice, requiring interpretation by specialists into conceptions peculiar to a given field.
	members.door.net /arisbe/menu/library/aboutcsp/ransdell/eds.htm (7934 words)

	Descendants of Benjamin PEIRCE - pafg01.htm - Generated by Personal Ancestral File (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Maria PEIRCE was born in 1837 in, Ealing, Middlesex, England.
		Charlotte PEIRCE was born in 1847 in, Ealing, Middlesex, England.
		James PEIRCE was born in 1857 in, Ealing, Middlesex, England and was christened on 1 Nov 1857 in Christchurch, Ealing, Middlesex, England.
	www.users.bigpond.com /bridor/peirce/pafg01.htm (184 words)

	Another take on Peirce (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Charles Sanders Peirce was born on September 10, 1839, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, to Benjamin Peirce, a Harvard professor in astronomy and mathematics.
		Peirce's contributions to the architectonic theory of philosophy served as a foundation for the seminar itself.
		Peirce's constant rebuilding of the symbolic ";houq" of philosophy sparked our interest in the importance of the parts and the whole, a theme which we pursued in several areas of study.
	www.princeton.edu /~freshman/philosophy/peirce/peirce2.html (526 words)

	Benjamin Peirce
		Benjamin Peirce did not think of himself as a philosopher in any academic sense, yet his work manifests interests of this kind, in two different ways.
		Peirce was more direct in a course of Lowell Lectures on ‘Ideality in the physical sciences’ delivered at Harvard in 1879, which James Peirce edited for posthumous publication (Peirce 1881b).
		Peirce was primarily an algebraist in his mathematical style; for example, he was enthusiastic for the cause of quaternions in mechanics after their introduction by W. Hamilton in the mid 1840s, and of the various traditions in mechanics he showed some favour for the ‘analytical’ approach, where this adjective refers to the links to algebra.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/peirce-benjamin (1710 words)

	Benjamin Peirce
		Professor Peirce took personal charge of the American expedition to Sicily to observe the eclipse of the sun in December, 1870; and for the transit of Venus in 1874 he organized two parties from the coast survey--one to observe at Chatham island, in the South Pacific ocean, and the other at a station in Japan.
		Peirce is a member of the American academy of arts and sciences, and in 1877 was elected to the National academy of sciences.
		Peirce is a member of scientific societies, and has contributed several important memoirs on physical science to the "American Journal of Science" and to the "Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences." He has published "The Elements of the Theory of the Newtonian Potential Function" (Boston, 1886).
	www.famousamericans.net /benjaminpeirce (1376 words)

	Descendants of Benjamin PEIRCE - pafg02.htm - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Benjamin PEIRCE (Benjamin James) was born in 1836 in, Ealing, Middlesex, England.
		Jane PEIRCE was born in 1874 in, Ealing, Middlesex, England and was christened on 11 Oct 1874 in Christchurch, Ealing, Middlesex, England.
		Henry PEIRCE (Benjamin James) was born in 1840 in, Ealing, Middlesex, England.
	www.users.bigpond.com /bridor/peirce/pafg02.htm (452 words)

	Bayside Swedenborgian Church (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Peirce was also briefly concerned with Swedenborg while at Hopkins, when he began a major project to assess scientific men of genius from the 18th and 19th centuries.
		Peirce obviously would not have based such a piece on secondary sources alone, so that it is reasonable to assume that he would have employed some combination of Henry James, Sr.'s interpretation with works by Swedenborg in the original.
		Peirce here appears to be addressing the revisionists, especially William James, who, in Peirce's eyes, was the one most responsible for defining pragmatism in the public eye as the supremacy of the act over the thought that inspired it.
	www.baysidechurch.org - !http: //www.baysidechurch.org/studia/studia.cfm?ArticleID=101&VolumeID=21&AuthorID=45&detail=1 (6695 words)

	Commens: About Peirce
		Yet, Peirce's philosophy possesses a remarkable vitality and flexibility, which explains how it can act as a starting-point and source of inspiration for contemporary inquiries in such different fields as aesthetics, communication theory, and the study of artificial intelligence.
		Peirce was born on the 10th of September, 1839, in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
		His father was Benjamin Peirce, a renowned mathematician, and an influential man in the scientific community of his day.
	www.helsinki.fi /science/commens/aboutpeirce.html (769 words)

	Peirce Biography
		Benjamin Peirce was instrumental in securing the creation of the Lawrence Scientific School at Harvard (endowed by Abbot Lawrence in 1847).
		Peirce never sought another teaching position and the experience seems to have nudged him toward an early retirement from his career and public reputation.
		Peirce was destitute in his declining years and only a few friends, William James being faithful to the end, protected him from starvation and secured occasional speaking engagements for him.
	www4.hmc.edu:8001 /humanities/Beckman/Dewey/Peirce.htm (1281 words)

	Charles Peirce
		Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914) is generally regarded as the founder of philosophical pragmatism, and, with Saussure, of modern semeiotic, and also as one of the founders of mathematical or symbolic logic.
		Peirce's writings are pervaded by triadic divisions, which, given that he felt himself to be at heart a mathematician, he expressed most basically in numerical form as Firstness, Secondness, and Thirdness.
		In Peirce's evolutionary cosmology, Thirdness, or triadic relation, or semeiosis, is considered to be a fact of the universe and not simply limited to the human mind, and therein lies the difference between Peirce and Kant, and between Peirce and much of modern linguistics and language theory.
	www.nd.edu /~ehalton/Peirce.htm (660 words)

	AllRefer.com - Charles Sanders Peirce (Philosophy, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Regarding logic as the beginning of all philosophical study, Peirce felt that the meaning of an idea was to be found in an examination of the consequences to which the idea would lead.
		A major thinker in a number of fields, Peirce is also recognized as the originator of the modern form of semiotics and the first American experimental psychologist.
		In all, Peirce made significant contributions to chemistry, physics, astronomy, geodesy, meteorology, engineering, cartography, psychology, philology, the history and philosophy of science and mathematics, phenomenology, and logic.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/Peirce-C.html (400 words)

	Peirce_Charles (print-only)
		Charles S Peirce was the son of Benjamin Peirce and Sarah Hunt Mills, the daughter of Senator Elijah Hunt Mills.
		Benjamin Peirce found it difficult to find students who were bright enough to benefit from his teaching, but in his own children he found the talent that seemed to be lacking elsewhere.
		Peirce today is most famous as a philosopher although it is fair to say that this fame only came late.
	www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Printonly/Peirce_Charles.html (2028 words)

	American Prometheus -- The American System
		Benjamin Peirce was the son of Harvard University's librarian and historian.
		Benjamin Peirce wrote to Bache in 1851, "Gould has had the official offer of Professorship at Göttingen, with a promise of Gauss's influence to obtain the...directorship of the observatory." [fn7] But Gould declined the offer, wanting above all to develop science on this side of the Atlantic.
		Benjamin Peirce wondered whether Gibbs's appointment was "worthwhile...when we see that the whole thing must [eventually] fall into the hands of imbeciles" -- as Harvard did, in the end.
	members.tripod.com /~american_almanac/prometh2.htm (9106 words)

	Peirce, Benjamin on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		PEIRCE, BENJAMIN [Peirce, Benjamin] 1809-80, American mathematician and astronomer, b.
		From 1833 he was a professor at Harvard; he helped establish the Harvard Observatory and was an organizer of the Dudley Observatory, Albany, N.Y. In the field of mechanics he made studies of the forms of elastic sacs containing fluids.
		Peirce and Bowditch: an American contribution to correlation and regression.(Charles Sanders Peirce)(Henry Pickering Bowditch)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/P/Peirce-B1.asp (271 words)

	[No title]
		The philosopher, Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914), was born in Massachusets to the son of the famous mathemetician, Benjamin Peirce.
		Peirce is also accredited with formulating the pragmatic notion of truth-as what is represented by best opinion in the ideal limit of scientific inquiry.
		Peirce also gave the name abduction to the process of inference and believed that by observing past observational data, one could predict the future.
	personal.ecu.edu /mccartyr/american/leap/peirce.htm (197 words)

	Peirce
		Charles Sanders Peirce studied philosophy and chemistry at Harvard, where his father, Benjamin Peirce, was professor of mathematics and astronomy.
		Peirce's early philosophical development relied on a Kantian theory of judgment, but careful study of the logic of relations led him to abandon syllogistic methods in favor of the study of language and belief.
		Benjamin Peirce by Ivor Grattan-Guinness and Alison Walsh.
	www.philosophypages.com /ph/peir.htm (405 words)

	Peirce Tree
		Sarah Peirce is supposed to be the daughter of Daniel Peirce, though no record of her birth has been found.
		Peirce, born 20 December 1663 in Newbury Massachusetts; died 02 September 1690 in Newbury Massachusetts.
		Peirce, born 18 March 1668/69 in Woodbridge, Middlesex County, New Jersey; died 12 January 1743/44 in Newbury Massachusetts.
	www.wainwrightfamily.org /piercefhr.html (3412 words)

	Peirce B O Benjamin Osgood 1854 1914 Papers of Benjamin Osgood Peirce, 1834-1971 (inclusive). AIP International Catalog ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Peirce B O Benjamin Osgood 1854 1914 Papers of Benjamin Osgood Peirce, 1834-1971 (inclusive).
		Peirce (Harvard, A.B., 1876) taught mathematics and physics at Harvard.
		Notebooks include scrapbook about Peirce's undergraduate years at Harvard, 1872-1878; travel journals, 1875; and scrapbook on trip to Europe in 1900-1901; physics and mathematics teaching and research notes; photographs about lab work; course problems; and other material.
	www.aip.org /history/catalog/icos/682.html (179 words)

	References for Peirce_Benjamin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		I Grattan-Guinness, Benjamin Peirce's Linear associative algebra (1870): new light on its preparation and 'publication', Ann.
		L Novy, Benjamin Peirce's concept of linear algebra, Acta Historiae Rerum Naturalium necnon Technicarum (Cesk.
		B Peirce, Address of Professor Benjamin Peirce, President of the American Association for the Year 1853, The American Association (1853).
	www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk /history/References/Peirce_Benjamin.html (226 words)

	Benjamin Pierce - Marriages - NH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Peirce, Benjamin of Rindge, NH, and Sarah Gearfield, m.
		Benjamin and Judith (Metcalf), and Sarah Raymond, d.
		Benjamin and Judith (Metcalf), and Mary Coffin, wid.
	members.aol.com /Pierce476/MBenjaminNH.html (183 words)

	Amazon.com: Charles Sanders Peirce: A Life: Books: Joseph Brent (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914), whom Brent considers "the greatest philosopher the United States has ever seen," was an experimental psychologist, mathematical economist, chemist, astronomer and engineer, the inventor of semiotics and the founder of pragmatism.
		A well-born Bostonian, Peirce married his mistress Juliette Froissy, who falsely claimed to be a Hapsburg princess, and established a 2000-acre estate in the Delaware River Valley, where he entertained patrons who he hoped would fund his inventions.
		In this first full-length biography of Peirce, Brent, a historian at the University of the District of Columbia, presents an extraordinary, inspiring portrait of the largely forgotten Peirce, a progenitor of modern thought who devised a realist metaphysics and attempted to achieve direct knowledge of God by applying the logic of science.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0253211611?v=glance (1175 words)

	CSI: Esposito
		Just about as soon as Peirce began to philosophize he was using the concept of a 'sign' to help clarify his thoughts.
		Our aim is to attain a more philosophically refined understanding of the concept and at the same time acquire a deeper appreciation of Peirce's semiotics, and semiosis as a form of reciprocity, as we review the various formulations of the concept in his work.
		Peirce ties to fulfill Kant's promise that a long list of categories is may be generated recursively out of a short list of categories.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /epc/srb/cyber/espout.html (912 words)

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