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	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Waterhouse Hawkins (seen at left) was a British sculptor of the mid 19th century who teamed up with Richard Owen to create lifesize models of the dinosaurs then known to exist.
		Hawkins' dinosaurs were also a prime attraction at the Crystal Palace Exhibition of 1853-54, an event which heralded British industrial ingenuity and power, and marked the founding of the World's Fair movement that continued through the 1980's.
		As seen in the pictures at the left, Hawkins' dinosaurs were arrayed in life-like tableaux on artificial islands built in the gardens surrounding the Crystal Palace, which is visible in the background of the upper figure.
	academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu /geology/chamber/hawkins.html (459 words)

	Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins (8 February 1807-1889) was an English sculptor and natural history artist renowned for combining both in his work on the life-size models of dinosaurs in Crystal Palace Park, Sydenham, south London.
		Meanwhile, possibly due to Derby's connections, Hawkins was appointed assistant superintendent of the Great Exhibition of 1851 in London.
		Hawkins was later commissioned to produce models for New York City's Central Park museum similar to these he had created in Sydenham.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Benjamin_Waterhouse_Hawkins (368 words)

	The Dinosaurs of Waterhouse Hawkins: An Illuminating History of Mr. Waterhouse Hawkins, Artist and Lecturer - ...
		Hawkins was also a master showman who inspired awe and excitement with his lectures and his models in the Crystal Palace in London.
		Hawkins, an established author/illustrator of books on animal anatomy, estimated the scale of the dinosaurs from their bones, made clay models, erected iron skeletons with brick foundations and covered them over with cement casts to create dramatic public displays.
		Hawkins was a showman, and Selznick presents his story pictorially as high melodrama, twice placing the hero front stage, before a curtain revealing a glimpse of the amazing dinosaurs.
	www.powerbooksearch.com /booksearch0439114942.html (2650 words)

	Reflections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Waterhouse Hawkins version is not that big, but it is quite big enough and looks mean and hungry, and you would not want to meet a live one in the park.
		It is a very striking ornament indeed; but what Owen and Waterhouse Hawkins didn’t know was that the pointed bone that they identified as a nasal horn was in fact one of a pair of thumb-like spikes that Iguanodons had on their hands close to their wrists.
		Waterhouse Hawkins went off to the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, to the Smithsonian, and to Yale University to study such newly discovered and imposing American dinosaurs as the duck-billed forty-foot-long Hadrosaurus and the fierce-looking carnivore Laelaps (now known as Dryptosaurus), a Megalosaurus relative.
	www.asimovs.com /_issue_0608/ref2.shtml (1651 words)

	Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins
		HAWKINS, Benjamin Waterhouse, educator, born in London, England, 8 February, 1807.
		Hawkins was assistant superintendent of the World's fair in London in 1851.
		In 1852 he was appointed by the Crystal palace company to restore the external forms of the extinct animals to their natural gigantic size, and then devoted three and a half years to the construction of the thirty-three life-size models which were placed in the Crystal palace park, many of which were of colossal proportions.
	www.famousamericans.net /benjaminwaterhousehawkins (494 words)

	Rocky Road: Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins
		Under the direction of Sir Richard Owen, Hawkins built iguanodons, megalosaurs, ichtyosaurs, megatheres and others, to the delight (and sometimes the horror) of 19th-century British visitors.
		When Hawkins persisted, Tweed sent vandals into the museum to destroy the models, and later his molds.
		Hawkins left New York, and after stints in Princeton and Philadelphia (where he cast the first relatively complete hadrosaur skeleton), he eventually returned to England.
	www.strangescience.net /hawkins.htm (371 words)

	Dwelling With the Dinosaurs
		These were the circumstances under which Waterhouse Hawkins was working when he began to create his dinosaurs.
		Waterhouse Hawkins used his knowledge of animals to fill in the blanks for his dinosaur models.
		Hawkins from their choice of the following perspectives: a guest of Hawkins's spectacular dinner inside a dinosaur model, a 19th-century or present-day child, a visitor to his Crystal Palace dinosaur display, a modern-day paleontologist, a teacher, or an artist.
	teacher.scholastic.com /products/instructor/dwelling.htm (1010 words)

	AmericanHeritage.com / DUSTING OFF AMERICA’S FIRST DINOSAUR
		Hawkins labored on in his studio, hoping the Smithsonian could be induced to buy his reconstructions.
		However, Hawkins had delivered a lecture before the New York Lyceum of Natural History in March in which he had outlined the entire history of the museum and its current troubles with the Ring.
		Although Hawkins was reasonably circumspect, the meeting produced some heated denunciations of the city administration from the floor.
	www.americanheritage.com /articles/magazine/ah/1988/2/1988_2_68.shtml (3459 words)

	BibliOdyssey: Sketchbook of the Dinosaur Builder
		Hawkins later went to the United States where he received a commission to produce replica dinosaurs from American fossils and spent some years sidestepping the fomenting political scandals of New York City to construct models.
		Hawkins' models were ordered destroyed and his services terminated in 1871.
		Hawkins kept a scrapbook during the 1870s and it includes pencil sketches, photographs, illustrations and clippings - some collected in previous years.
	bibliodyssey.blogspot.com /2006/02/sketchbook-of-dinosaur-builder.html (489 words)

	[No title]
		In the opening Crystal Palace exhibit in England, the displays created by Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins were one of the original museum displays on dinosaurs that depicted the creatures as solid-bodied instead of just the fossil remains (Ownes, 1842, 1999).
		Hawkins’ approach to try to make paleontology more widely known by the public failed due to the fact that the public did not know they were viewing paleontological examples in the first place.
		Hawkins depicted his exhibits as scaled, dragging their stomachs and tails along the ground and standing in very stiff poses to coincide with the slow-moving nature of modern reptiles.
	web.njit.edu /~mjr3/matt.doc (4035 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins, author, sculptor and naturalist, began this album in 1872, and continued to add to it intermittently, the last datable entry being of 1878.
		Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins, author, sculptor and naturalist, was born in London on February 8, 1807.
		This photo is mentioned (BWH to Leidy, 22 Feb. 1869, ANSP MS 1) as being furnished to Harper and Bros. for Prof.
	www.acnatsci.org /~spamer/hawkins803.xml (2868 words)

	Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Owen estimated the size and overall shape of the animals, leaving Hawkins to sculpt models according to Owen's directions (one, Iguanodon, was so large that a 20-strong dinner party was held inside on 30 December 1853).
		However, corrupt local politics intervened, the project was shelved and the models that Hawkins had created were said to have been buried somewhere in Central Park.
		Hawkins left New York, and eventually returned to Britain.
	benjamin-waterhouse-hawkins.biography.ms (386 words)

	Hawkins replicas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In 1853 the sculptor Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins was commissioned to construct full size concrete replicas of the prehistoric reptiles known at the time.
		In May 1854 Hawkins gave a paper to the Society of Arts which included some of his drawings of his restorations in their full settings.
		This drawing, together with Hawkins representations of the creatures in concrete, would determine how these creatures were to be depicted for the next 25 years.
	www.dinohunters.com /History/Hawkins.htm (163 words)

	BookPage Children's Review: The Dinosaurs of Waterhouse Hawkins
		Queen Victoria and Prince Albert commissioned dinosaur models from Hawkins in 1853 for their art and science museum, the Crystal Palace.
		In a single two-page spread Selznick shows the scale of one of Hawkins' projects, depicting the creative process from first sketch to finished dinosaur -- a creature made of bricks, tiles and broken stones held together by cement.
		With elaborate historical notes and ideas for further reading, Dinosaurs is sure to bring Hawkins back from obscurity into the admiring gaze of the public, which is exactly where he belongs.
	www.bookpage.com /0201bp/children/dinos_waterhouse_hawkins.html (205 words)

	Dinosphere Units of Study: K-2
		In the book The Dinosaurs of Waterhouse Hawkins by Barbara Kerley (illustrated by Brian Selznick), students are introduced to an amazing artist and dinosaur educator.
		In London in 1850 Waterhouse Hawkins created an exhibit that for the first time allowed millions to see into the unknown world of dinosaurs.
		The story of Victorian artist Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins, who built the first life-size models of dinosaurs in the hope of educating the world about them.
	www.childrensmuseum.org /dinosphere/unitsofstudy/k-2/g2_cul_expe.htm (853 words)

	Ars Subterranea
		In the mid-19th century, a British display of dinosaur models by Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins caused a stir all the way to New York.
		He was to furnish a large dinosaur diorama for a Paleozoic Museum, which was being excavated inside the park.
		Hawkins set up a studio in the Central Park Arsenal in the late 1860s and began the construction of his models.
	www.creativepreservation.org /projects/Hawkins/dinos.htm (272 words)

	Dinosaur Picture Book
		At least, no one had drawn a dinosaur before Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins.
		Hawkins worked with scientists who had discovered dinosaur bones.
		By looking at the bones, Hawkins started to draw and then make models of those drawings, giving the world a first look at what dinosaurs looked like when they roamed the earth.
	teacher.scholastic.com /activities/dinosaurs/illustrations (160 words)

	BibliOdyssey: Comparative Mammalian Anatomy
		It wasn't until I'd saved most of these that I realised that the author/illustrator of this book was none other than the dinosaur sculptor, Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins - from a couple of days ago.
		Hawkins intended with his publication "to give a comparative view of the variation in form of the bony skeleton or framework of those animals most frequently required by the artist, designer, or ornamentist."
		A Comparative View of the Human and Animal Frame by Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins 1860 is online among the History of Science website at the fabulous University of Wisconsin - my favourite repository.
	bibliodyssey.blogspot.com /2006/02/comparative-mammalian-anatomy.html (214 words)

	FLEMINGTON AUTHOR PENS STORY OF BOSS TWEED'S DINOSAURS - Atlantic Highlands Herald - New Jersey
		Hawkins, his skill and knowledge of dinosaurs so impress the older man that he offers to take Orvy on as an assistant.
		"Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins was very famous in his day," Mr.
		Hawkins, well known as a wildlife painter with an interest in prehistoric life, was appointed to head the project.
	www.ahherald.com /news/2002/0509/boss_tweed_dino.htm (1207 words)

	Hawkins and the Crystal Palace, 1854 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In 1853 the sculptor Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins was commissioned to construct full-size concrete restorations of the prehistoric reptiles known to that time.
		In May of 1854, Hawkins gave a paper to the Society of Arts in which he described the conceptual problems of restoring a creature for which the evidence is piecemeal, as well as the technical problems of casting a replica that contains, as he put it, 640 bushels of artificial stone.
		The Hawkins restorations essentially determined how dinosaurs would be depicted and viewed for the succeeding twenty-five years, as succeeding items in our exhibition demonstrate.
	www.lhl.lib.mo.us /events_exhib/exhibit/exhibits/dino/haw1854.htm (283 words)

	Amazon.com: The Dinosaurs of Waterhouse Hawkins: An Illuminating History of Mr. Waterhouse Hawkins, Artist and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Waterhouse Hawkins was born in London in 1807.
		Hawkins grew in prominence (in no small part due to the aforementioned let's-eat-dinner-in-a-dinosaur idea) and even created a group of them for the grand opening of the Crystal Palace at Sydenham Park.
		Though Hawkins had been given funding to construct a museum of dinosaurs in Central Park, Tweed diverted funds and (adding injury to insult) probably hired a group of goons to destroy Hawkins' models.
	www.amazon.com /Dinosaurs-Waterhouse-Hawkins-Illuminating-Lecturer/dp/0439114942 (2601 words)

	Hairy Museum of Natural History » 2005 » November
		In 1868, British sculptor Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins (who created the first life-sized dinosaur sculptures for London’s Crystal Palace) was invited to work on a series of restorations of extinct American animals for a planned “Paleozoic Museum” in Central Park.
		Hawkins, however, had the misfortune of working on the project through a change of New York City government, and found himself on the wrong side of Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall.
		Tweed had vandals break into Hawkins’ studio and smash his sculptures, and rumor has it that at least some of the pieces were buried in Central Park.
	www.hmnh.org /archives/2005/11 (1715 words)

	Page1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Hawkins, Barbara Kerley (who is, according to the back cover, "an authoress of
		bring to life the work of Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins, the Victorian artist who was
		Dinosaurs is sure to bring Hawkins back from obscurity into the admiring gaze of
	www.marietta.edu /~erbd/winston/Page1x.html (205 words)

	ReadWriteThink: June 10, 2003: The Crystal Palace hosted the first display of life-size dinosaur replicas in 1854.
		Waterhouse Hawkins' dinosaur replicas offer a great opportunity for an inquiry-based project.
		Some of Hawkins' models are known for their minor errors or incomplete detail.
		This chapbook-style picture book explains the various events in Waterhouse Hawkins’ life, including how he came to create the world’s first life-size dinosaur replicas.
	www.readwritethink.org /calendar/calendar_day.asp?id=254 (445 words)

	First Dinosaur Skeleton Ever Mounted for Public Display
		It's erection by British artist Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins in concert with Academy officials Dr. Joseph Leidy and Edward Drinker Cope established the concept that would become the universal standard for all future dinosaur displays.
		In one of its most colorful episodes, one of five towering Hadrosaurus foulkii mounts created by Hawkins was destroyed by a gang of thugs in New York City in 1871.
		In 1876, the Haddonfield dinosaur skeleton was a featured exhibit at the Centennial Exhibition of scientific and industrial wonders in Philadelphia's Fairmount Park, where Edward Drinker Cope served as a consultant on prehistoric life exhibits.
	www.levins.com /mount.shtml (707 words)

	First Dinosaur Fossil Discoveries - Paleontology and Geology Glossary
		It was the first dinosaur ever described scientifically and first theropod dinosaur discovered (this is all in hindsight, because the dinosaurs had not yet been recognized as a separate taxonomic group - the word dinosaur hadn't even been invented yet).
		The first dinosaur models (life size and made of concrete) were made by Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins of England in 1854.
		The first dinosaur used for amusement was a life-size model of an Iguanodon (made by Hawkins) that was used to house a dinner party for scientists (including Richard Owen) at a major exhibition.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/dinosaurs/dinofossils/First.shtml (875 words)

	Illustrations of Indian zoology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins was born in London in 1807.
		He studied painting and sculpture, and by the time he was twenty, concentrated on natural history.
		While Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins is best known for his dinosaur models, he made excellent large scale lithographs, considered by some men of his time to be the finest representations of mammals ever executed.
	www.acnatsci.org /~spamer/hawkins448.xml (316 words)

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