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Topic: Benjamin Whorf

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	Benjamin_Whorf
		Whorf's primary area of interest in linguistics was the study of native American and Mesoamerican languages.
		Benjamin Lee Whorf died of cancer at the relatively young age of 44, and much of his most significant work was published posthumously.
		'The Systematization of the Whorf Hypothesis.' Anthropological Linguistics 1(1959): 31-35.
	www.news-from-newspapers.com /en/Wikipedia.org/2005/04/13/Benjamin_Whorf.html (1753 words)

	Benjamin Whorf - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Born in Winthrop, Massachusetts, the son of Harry and Sarah (Lee) Whorf, Benjamin Lee Whorf graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1918 with a degree in chemical engineering and shortly afterwards began work as a fire prevention engineer (inspector) for the Hartford Fire Insurance Company, pursuing linguistic and anthropological studies as an avocation.
		Whorf's primary area of interest in linguistics was the study of Native American languages, particularly those of Mesoamerica.
		Also sometimes called the Whorfian hypothesis (much to Whorf's disapproval) this theory claims that the language a person speaks (independent of the culture in which he or she resides) affects the way that he or she thinks, meaning that the structure of the language itself affects cognition.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Benjamin_Whorf (637 words)

	Sapir–Whorf hypothesis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Whorf's formulation of this "principle of linguistic relativity" is often stereotyped as a "prisonhouse" view of language in which one's thinking and behavior is completely and utterly shaped by one's language.
		Whorf's close analysis of the differences between English and (in one famous instance) the Hopi language raised the bar for an analysis of the relationship between language, thought, and reality by relying on close analysis of grammatical structure, rather than a more impressionistic account of the differences between, say, vocabulary items in a language.
		Whorf himself claimed that his work on the SWH was inspired by his insight that a Hopi speaker would find relativistic physics fundamentally easier to grasp than an SAE speaker would.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sapir-Whorf_hypothesis (2621 words)

	Benjamin Whorf
		Benjamin Whorf was born in Winthrop, Massachusetts on April 24, 1897.
		Whorf began studying Linguistics at Yale University in 1931 because he was concerned about the conflict between science and religion.
		Whorf studied Linguistics in his spare time as a way to create an understanding of how language worked and unfortunately, he died before much of his studies could be proven.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/information/biography/uvwxyz/whorf_benjamin.html (391 words)

	The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
		Whorf devised the weaker theory of linguistic relativity: "We are thus introduced to a new principle of relativity, which holds that all observers are not led by the same physical evidence to the same picture of the universe..." (1940/1956).
		Schlesinger attacks Whorf's flimsy thesis support: "...the mere existence of such linguistic diversities is insufficient evidence for the parallelist claims of a correspondence between language on the one hand and cognition and culture, on the other, and for the determinist claim of the latter being determined by the former" (1991:18).
		Schlesinger agrees: "Whorf made far-reaching claims about the pervasive effects of language on the mental life of a people, and all that experimental psychologists managed to come up with were such modest results as the effect of the vocabulary of a language on the discriminability of color chips" (1991:30).
	www.angelfire.com /journal/worldtour99/sapirwhorf.html (3081 words)

	The Mind of Benjamin Whorf
		Benjamin Lee Whorf was an amateur linguistic, it is true, but he was as well an amateur evolutionary biologist, botanist, theologian, and physicist, and his advocacy of linguistic relativity cannot be understand separately from his other avocations.
		Whorf remained with the Hartford for the rest of his short life, developing a national reputation as an expert in industrial fire prevention and authoring several articles on the subject, including one, "Blazing Icicles," that offered a linguistic interpretation of fire prevention.
		Benjamin Lee Whorf wanted to be a revolutionary scientist, and though he did not succeed, it was not for lack of trying; indeed, his ambition knew no bounds.
	mtsu32.mtsu.edu:11072 /Whorf/mindblw.htm (3778 words)

	Benjamin Whorf: bio and encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Benjamin Lee Whorf (April 24, 1897 - July 26, 1941) was an American linguist (linguist: A specialist in linguistics).
		Whorf's primary area of interest in linguistics was the study of native American (native American: Any member of the peoples living in North or South America before the Europeans arrived) and Mesoamerica (Mesoamerica: Mexico and Central America) n languages.
		Benjamin Lee Whorf died of cancer at the relatively young age of 44, and much of his most significant work was published posthumously.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/benjamin_whorf (1805 words)

	Theosophical Society in America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Benjamin Lee Whorf was by profession an inspector and engineer for the Hartford Fire Insurance Company, but his avocation was linguistics and the study of languages.
		A recent study of the Whorf hypothesis observes: "Benjamin Whorf was an extraordinary person whose theories about linguistic thinking developed more than half a century ago anticipated in several respects ways of talking and thinking about language in cognition which are only now gaining currency in cognitive science" (Lee xviii).
		Whorf was also a member of the Theosophical Society and of the Fritz Kunz circle, whose members were concerned with applying Theosophical principles to education and intellectual life.
	www.theosophical.org /theosophy/questmagazine/julyaug2001/algeo (1170 words)

	Sapir–Whorf hypothesis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Although it has come to be known as the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis, it rather was an axiom underlying the work of linguist and anthropologist Edward Sapir and his colleague and student Benjamin Whorf.
		The position that language anchors thought (thinking is shabdanA or 'languaging') was argued cogently by Bhartrihari (6th c.AD) and was the subject of centuries of debate in the Indian linguistic tradition.
		The agreement is, of course, an implicit and unstated one, but its terms are absolutely obligatory; we cannot talk at all except by subscribing to the organization and classification of data which the agreement decrees.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sapir-Whorf_hypothesis#Politics_and_etiquette (2621 words)

	Current Research on the Whorf-Sapir Hypothesis
		Whorf was careful to avoid authoritative statements which would permanently commit him to a particular position.
		Whorf believes that humans may be able to think only about objects, processes, and conditions that have language associated with them (linguistic determinism).
		Whorf demonstrated that culture is largely determined by language (linguistic relativity).
	www.geocities.com /CollegePark/4110/whorf.html (1838 words)

	Demise of the Whorf Hypothesis
		Benjamin Whorf wrote about this notion in the 1930s, but most of his articles were never printed in his lifetime, however widely anthologized they may be today.
		Unfortunately for Whorf, the incredible amount of national attention focused on Noam Chomsky and his generative transformational grammar in the late '50s and early '60s resulted in resounding denunciations of Whorf by Chomskyan proponents—and in that highly negative atmosphere, it was not fashionable among linguists to read Whorf or discuss his ideas in public.
		To imply that Whorf's ability to translate is evidence contrary to his "hypothesis" is therefore indefensible, since Whorf was a comparative linguist cognizant of the traps of habitual language by his awareness of alternate language worldviews—something quite beyond the average monolingual.
	www.enformy.com /dma-dwh.htm (4825 words)

	Whorf, fÃ¼r, Sprache, Lee, Hopi, Whorfs Benjamin Whorf
		Benjamin Lee Whorf schloss sein Studium am Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) als Chemieingenieur ab und begann als Inspektor fÃ¼r eine Versicherungsgesellschaft (Hartford Fire Insurance Company) zu arbeiten.
		Whorfs Vorlesungen und Schriften beinhalteten sowohl Beispiele aus seiner Arbeit bei der Versicherung, als auch aus seiner Feldarbeit mit Hopi und anderen amerikanischen Sprachen.
		Benjamin Lee Whorf starb relativ jung mit 44 Jahren an Krebs und seine bedeutendsten Werke wurden posthum verÃ¶ffentlicht.
	www.dbilink.de /Benjamin-Whorf.html (420 words)

	Printable Version on Encyclopedia.com
		WHORF, BENJAMIN LEE [Whorf, Benjamin Lee], 1897-1941, American linguist and anthropologist, b.
		Although he was trained in chemical engineering and worked for an insurance company, Whorf made substantial contributions to Mayan and Aztec linguistics.
		Instead, it posits language as a finite array of formal (lexical and grammatical) categories that group an infinite variety of experiences into usable classes, vary across cultures, and, as a guide to the interpretation of experiences, influence thought.
	www.encyclopedia.com /printable.aspx?id=1E1:Whorf-Be (137 words)

	Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
		He was drawn to the study of language when he started to notice that ‘empty’ fuel drums were perceived as less dangerous because of the connotations of the word ‘empty’, when in fact they were just as dangerous — being filled with explosive vapour.
		Brown (1958) and Lenneberg (1953) pointed out that Whorf never met an actual Indian, so his assessments of their character must be somewhat vague, and also that his translations of Hopi sentences were done to seem as different as possible, to emphasise the ‘different system of thinking’.
		Whorf quoted the fact that the Hopi have one word for everything that flies (insects, planes, etc), and Crystal uses the example of the Pintupi language — having one word (katarta) for 'the hole left by a goanna when it has broken the surface after hibernation' (Crystal 1993).
	www.aber.ac.uk /media/Students/njp0001.html (2526 words)

	Jon Swearingen Paper on Benjamin Lee Whorf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Benjamin Lee Whorf is an important contributor to the field.
		Whorf’s proposal for a Research Fellowship in 1928 indicated that his studies were leading toward “working out the primitive underlying basis of all speech behavior”, and, “a new science” which would find, “ a possible original common language of the human race”, or,“an
		In 1933, Whorf wrote an explanation of Maya characters being at least partly phonetic in nature, a view which was 50 years out of date among his contemporary Maya scholars.
	www.unm.edu /~jonswear/WhorfPaper.html (1296 words)

	Mid Frame
		Benjamin Whorf started studying linguistics (the study of language) just out of curiosity.
		Ben Whorf had this to say about his hypothesis: "We cut nature up, organize it into concepts, and ascribe significances as we do, largely because we are parties to an agreement that holds throughout our speech community and is codified in the patterns of our language.
		Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf have had a profound impact on different cultures and the world as a whole.
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/Speech/rccs/theory90.htm (622 words)

	Benjamin Lee Whorf, Language, Thought, and Reality, Review by Alan Gullette
		Of the essays in this collection, some deal more or less directly with the "linguistic relativity principle" (also known as the Whorfian or Sapir-Whorfian hypothesis), while others either imply the formulation of the principle in its author's mind or tend to support it with complicated grammatical illustrations from native American languages, especially Hopi.
		Thought is bound to language structurally: "linguistic order embraces all symbolic processes, all processes of reference and of logic" (Whorf, 252).
		Whorf does not go so far as this.
	alangullette.com /essays/philo/whorf.htm (1546 words)

	Benjamin Whorf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Sapir encouraged Whorf to focus on the Hopi language
		Whorf and Sapir created linguistic anthropology, which focuses on the relationship between language, culture, and thought--a meaning-centered anthropology
		“Benjamin Lee Whorf.” In Portraits of Linguiists: A Biographical Source Book for the History of Western Linguistics, 1746-1963.
	courses.missouristate.edu /waw105f/Whorf.htm (149 words)

	Lecture 3 (Module 3) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Franz Boas, Edward Sapir, and Benjamin Lee Whorf are the three major scholars who brought these issues to center stage in linguistic anthropology.
		Whorf compared English (a European language) and Hopi (an American Indian language), showing how differences in grammatical categories, such as tense and plurality, between the two languages reveal underlying cultural differences and cognitive orientations between their speakers.
		Whorf himself actually termed it "the linguistic relativity principle", drawing upon the analogy of the relativity principle in physics.
	isc.temple.edu /anth127/Course/Lectures/lecture3.html (619 words)

	Amazon.com: Language, Thought, and Reality: Selected Writings: Books: Benjamin Lee Whorf,John B. Carroll (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The career of Benjamin Lee Whorf might, on the one hand, be described as that of a businessman of specialized talents-one of those individuals who by the application of out-of-the-ordinary training and knowledge together with devotion and insight can be so useful to any kind of business organization.
		This is something Whorf stresses throughout and the so-called `primitive' languages of for example, the native Americans, is far from this western perspective.
		Whorf (1899-1941), trained as a chemical engineer, worked as a fire prevention consultant and did original work in linguistic anthropology.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0262730065?v=glance (1248 words)

	Books: Language, Thought, and Reality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		"The hypothesis suggested by Benjamin Lee Whorf that the structure of a person's language is a factor in the way in which he understands reality and behaves with respect to it has attracted the attention of linguists, anthropologists, psychologists, philosophers, as well as a large segment of the public."
		"Benjamin Lee Whorf's scholarly contributions were substantial both in technical linguistics and in the broader area for which he is best known, the relation between language perception and thought....
		The basic thesis, stated by others before Whorf but developed by him and given his name in recent literature, is that our perception of the world and our ways of thinking about it are deeply influenced by the structure of the languages we speak....
	cognet.mit.edu /library/books/view?isbn=0262730065 (309 words)

	Language and Thought
		This statement and similar ones by Whorf, attempting to illustrate that language is the medium by which one views the world, culture, reality and thought have aroused an intense desire in not only scholars but also for non-scholars to validate of disprove this hypothesis.
		In this example where Whorf feels language strongly influences thought, he is often criticized with circularity because he “infers cognitive differences between two speakers from an examination of their respective languages,” (Hopi and English).
		The theory of Universals, commonly attributed to Chomsky and generative grammar is the claim that there are deep structures that are common to all languages (Fishmann, 1976:13).
	www.ttt.org /linglinks/StacyPhipps.htm (2076 words)

	Gleitman, Cognitive Science at Michigan State University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Benjamin Whorf famously investigated the idea that languages differ in how they categorize objects, relations, and events.
		We conclude with the observation that young language-learning children all over the world have reason to rejoice if this is indeed the case.
		Whorf, Benjamin (1939) The relation of habitual thought and behavier to language.
	www.cogsci.msu.edu /DSS/2000-2001/Gleitman (271 words)

	Imagination and insurance
		Born on April 24, 1897 in Winthrop, Massachusetts, Benjamin Lee Whorf was the oldest of three sons of Harry Whorf, a commercial artist who experimented with playwriting and stage design, and Sarah Lee Whorf.
		The “linguistic relativity” Whorf championed and sought to find “in all those other tongues which by aeons of independent evolution have arrived at different, but equally logical, provisional analyses” would, Whorf believed, provide the necessary “correctives” to the limitations imposed on the world by single language determinism.
		Stevens and Whorf needed to work, needed to be part of the “real world” of work in order to free that part of themselves which was creative.
	tarlton.law.utexas.edu /lpop/etext/lsf/lavery24.htm (3823 words)

	Benjamin Whorf - Definition, explanation
		Whorf's primary area of interest in linguistics was the study of native American languages, particularly those of Mesoamerica.
		Lucy,-John-A.; Wertsch,-James-V. "Vygotsky and Whorf: A Comparative Analysis." Social and Functional Approaches to Language and Thought.
		Compares the linguistic determinism of Benjamin Lee Whorf with technological determinism, represented by Marshall McLuhan.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/b/be/benjamin_whorf.php (1857 words)

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