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Topic: Benzaldehyde

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	benzaldehyde on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Benzaldehyde is used in the preparation of certain aniline dyes and of other products, including perfumes and flavorings.
		Evaluation of benzaldehyde and benzophenone derivatives as accelerators in NR.
		Peachy Pesticide?(a synthetic peach oil called benzaldehyde may replace the environmentally hazardous methyl bromide as a pesticide)(Brief Article)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/b1/benzalde.asp (348 words)

	NTP: Abstract for TR-378 - Benzaldehyde
		Benzaldehyde is an aromatic aldehyde used in the food, beverage, pharmaceutical, perfume, soap, and dyestuff industries.
		Compound-related lesions seen in rats receiving 800 mg/kg, but not in those receiving 400 mg/kg, included degeneration and necrosis in the cerebellum, necrosis in the hippocampus, hyperplasia and/or hyperkeratosis in the forestomach, and degeneration or necrosis of the liver and of the tubular epithelium in the kidney.
		Benzaldehyde induced increases in trifluorothymidine-resistant mouse lymphoma cells in the absence exogenous metabolic activation and increased sister chromatid exchanges in CHO cells in both the presence and absence of metabolic activation.
	ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov /ntpweb/index.cfm?objectid=070900A8-F3B0-B093-4CD9628A85D60F42 (761 words)

	What's New Page
		Benzaldehyde can also be manufactured by the hydrolysis of mixture of benzyl chloride and benzalchloride in oil HNO3 using vanadium pentoxide as a catalyst or in the presence of hexamethylene tetramine.
		Benzaldehyde should be handled with the good manufacturing practices of avoidance of contact, adequate ventilation, and cleanliness normally accorded the handling of solvents and other organic compounds.
		Benzaldehyde is released to the environment in emissions from combustion processes such as gasoline and diesel engines, incinerators and wood burning.
	www.faizkaskar.8k.com /whats_new.html (6780 words)

	[No title]
		Cyanide is converted to thiocyanate probably in the blood circulation, and certainly in the liver by the enzyme rhodanese in the presence of sulfur-bearing compounds.1,2 The circulating thiocyanate exerts certain physiological effects on blood pressure and thyroid action, and is not excreted rapidly.
		The benzaldehyde formed in the intestine probably has no important function, but in the circulation forms benzoic acid and is excreted as benzaldehyde hippurate.
		Benzaldehyde released through these processes at the site of the malignant lesion may be reduced to benzyl alcohol, and combine with the thiocyanate to form benzo thiocyanate.
	www.navi.net /~rsc/cancer/gurchot.txt (645 words)

	Conversion of Phenylalanine to Benzaldehyde Initiated by an Aminotransferase in Lactobacillus plantarum -- Nierop Groot ...
		Benzaldehyde was found in the volatile fractions of several cheeses and may contribute to the flavor of these products (2,
		was by UV at 260 nm for benzaldehyde, 280 nm for phenylpyruvic
		Benzaldehyde was formed from phenylpyruvic acid, which accumulated from phenylalanine.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/64/8/3009 (3113 words)

	Benzaldehyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is an important component of the scent of almonds and has a pleasant, almond-like odor.
		On oxidation, benzaldehyde is converted into benzoic acid, which has an odor quite unpleasant.
		Hydrogenation of benzaldehyde forms benzyl alcohol or phenylmethanol.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Benzaldehyde (105 words)

	Benzophenonone Ketyl Study (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The benzaldehyde (5) then either undergoes reduction to benzyl alcohol (6), or further reaction with the phenyl free radicals.
		Benzaldehyde (5) was added to THF in the presence of sodium, the mixture was then refluxed.
		One possible explanation is the benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol rapidly undergo further reactions in the sodium/benzophenone still to prevent their detection.
	www.jtbaker.com /techlib/documents/8882.html (992 words)

	Amygdalin, Laetrile or Vitamin B17 for Cancer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Amygdalin consists of 2 sugar molecules, a benzaldehyde and a cyanide radical (the benzaldehyde-cyanide radical is called mandelonitrile).
		In the body, the two sugar molecules are split off probably by bacteria in the colon by the enzyme beta glucosidase and are replaced by glucuronic acid to form a compound consisting of glucuronic acid bound to benzaldehyde, which is bound to cyanide (This is actually the true Laetrile).
		Once glucuronic acid is split off, the remaining benzaldehyde-cyanide radical spontaneously splits off cyanide, which is toxic to the cancer cell; cancer cells do not have sufficient quantities of any enzyme capable of breaking down or converting the cyanide to another compound, whereas normal cells do; hence, there is a selective toxicity to cancer cells.
	hills.ccsf.cc.ca.us /~jinouy01/cancervitamin/B17_howitworks.html (431 words)

	Regulation of Distinct Attractive and Aversive Mechanisms Mediating Benzaldehyde Chemotaxis in Caenorhabditis elegans ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Animals pre-exposed to 2 µL of 100% benzaldehyde for 1 h were assayed for their 30-min (1%) or 20-min (100%) approach to benzaldehyde either on the same plate on which they were pre-exposed (same) or after gentle transfer to a fresh plate for testing (different).
		to benzaldehyde as measured in the two-plate assay.
		benzaldehyde is mediated by the ASH sensory neurons in an odr-3-
	www.learnmem.org /cgi/content/full/8/3/170 (7277 words)

	The merging of the senses: integration of subthreshold taste and smell - Nature Neuroscience (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Sensitivity to benzaldehyde was significantly increased by the presence of a subthreshold concentration of saccharin in the mouth.
		On average, benzaldehyde thresholds with saccharin in the mouth were 28% lower than the thresholds obtained alone, demonstrating summation, but not complete additivity, as found for within-modality mixtures of odors or tastes (Fig.
		To explore the possibility that enhanced benzaldehyde detection was facilitated by congruency of the odor−taste pairing, eight of the original ten subjects (and two replacements) participated in a final experiment.
	www.nature.com /cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/neuro/journal/v3/n5/full/nn0500_431.html (1710 words)

	Benzaldehyde - your building block from pharmaceuticals to plastic additives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Benzaldehyde is a versatile building block in the synthesis of many different complex molecules for use in products ranging from pharmaceuticals to plastic additives.
		Benzaldehyde is an FDA-sanctioned synthetic flavoring substance, generally recognized as safe for foods (GRAS).
		As the largest benzaldehyde producer, we hold a large strategic stock to guarantee our key customers security of supply and to accommodate fluctuations in the global supply and demand.
	www.dsm.com /en_US/html/dfc/products_sp_benzaldehyde.htm (229 words)

	Organic Chemistry in Nature CHEM 312 Project
		Benzaldehyde is the simplest representative of the aromatic aldehydes.
		Benzaldehyde is best known as being artificial essential oil of almond but it has many other uses such as; the manufacturing of dyes perfumes, flavorings, cinnamic and mandelic acids, and it is also used as a solvent.
		Benzaldehyde is being used as a pesticide and also as an anticancer agent.
	facultystaff.vwc.edu /~jeaster/courseinfo/312/312Nature2001.html (2453 words)

	Phosphocreatine Circuit System and Benzaldehyde Derivatives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		After duplicating the experiment, it was decided that there could be other possible benzaldehyde derivatives used in the same reaction.
		Three benzaldehyde derivatives where used are p-chlorobenzaldehyde, p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, and p-hydroxylbenzaldehyde.
		All of the benzaldehyde derivatives were produced using the experimental procedure of the production of benzalcreatinine.
	www.heidelberg.edu /depts/chm/creatine.html (1983 words)

	Ralph Moss on Cancer--Expert Guidance for Crucial Decisions
		It helps give coffee and cocoa their characteristically pleasant aromas, and is also widely used in the chemical industry.
		Benzaldehyde is remarkably cheap—about 30¢ an ounce at chemical supply houses.
		Scientific references on benzaldehyde research, as well as other treatment options, are to be found in Ralph W. Moss's book, Cancer Therapy, published by Equinox Press.
	www.ralphmoss.com /html/benz.shtml (582 words)

	Spectrum Laboratories : Chemical Fact Sheet - Cas # 100527
		Benzaldehyde is released to the environment in emissions from combustion processes such
		ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based upon a vapor pressure of 1.27 mm Hg at 25 deg C, benzaldehyde is expected to exist primarily in the vapor-phase in the ambient atmosphere(2,SRC).
		Benzaldehyde's detection in rain, snow, fog, and cloud water(6,7) indicates that wet
	www.speclab.com /compound/c100527.htm (740 words)

	Laetrile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Studies also indicate that benzaldehyde has anti-cancer activity; it combines with cysteine in cancer cells, thereby inactivating various proteins; Cancer cells do not have enzymes capable of converting benzaldehyde, whereas normal cells do; hence, a selective toxicity to cancer cells and not normal cells.
		The enzyme present in normal cells that protects against the toxicity of benzaldehyde oxidizes benzaldehyde to benzoic acid, which is further converted to hippuric acid; a compound that is discharged in the urine and protects against urinary tract infection.
		Many epidemiological studies, animal studies, and clinical studies show evidence of amygdalin efficacy · Conventional medicine's position on the efficacy of amygdalin is that it has been proven ineffective, largely based on an NIH sponsored study; however, this study had several flaws.
	www.route2health.com /Cancer/Laetrile.htm (860 words)

	Mineralization of aromatic compounds by brown-rot basidiomycetes - mechanisms involved in initial attack on the ...
		In this study, benzaldehyde was utilized as the aromatic substrate
		Benzaldehyde was mainly converted to benzyl alcohol and benzoic
		Proposed metabolic pathway for benzaldehyde by brown-rot fungi.
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/148/6/1939 (2828 words)

	Benzaldehyde (CASRN 100-52-7), IRIS, Environmental Protection Agency
		Administration of 600 mg/kg/day in mice was associated with renal tubular necrosis, and administration of 400 mg/kg/day to rats resulted in forestomach hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis.
		Additional pertinent data regarding the chronic, subchronic or reproductive effects of oral or inhalation exposure to benzaldehyde, were not located in the available literature.
		The NTP (1986) assayed benzaldehyde in rat and mouse 2-year oral studies, and is currently doing chronic histopathology.
	www.epa.gov /iriswebp/iris/subst/0332.htm (723 words)

	Benzaldehyde - "natural oil" (pesticide) in perfumes, drugs and dyes
		Headline: "Peach Oil May Work as a Pesticide: Effective natural substances could replace toxic compounds." The harmless natural oil that gives peaches their perfume also kills fungus and/or other pests in the soil, and could replace methyl bromide, a widely used pesticide that is toxic to people and also damages the planet's protective ozone layer.
		The peach compound, Benzaldehyde, manufactured synthetically, is widely used commercially in perfumes flavoring, drugs and dyes.
		There is limited evidence that this chemical may act as a carcinogen in laboratory animals.
	www.talkaboutsupport.com /group/alt.support.mcs/messages/910.html (175 words)

	Natural Plant Extracts Might Sub for Methyl Bromide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		But the scientific name for this colorless, nontoxic, aromatic liquid found in essential oils of peach seeds is "benzaldehyde." Many such volatile oils, like lemon, cinnamon, and peppermint, are extracted and distilled from plants.
		Naturally occurring benzaldehyde is used commercially in perfumes, flavorings, pharmaceuticals, and dyes.
		The research is collaborative with scientists from the Volcani Center in Bet Dagan, Israel, and the INFRUTEC Center for Fruit Technology at the Fruit, Vine, and Wine Research Institute of the Agricultural Research Council in Stellenbosch, South Africa.
	www.ars.usda.gov /is/AR/archive/mar99/meth0399.htm (1244 words)

	Novel chiral pyrazole ligands for enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde
		Herein, we describe a general procedure for preparing a variety of chiral diazole ligands having an alcoholic side chain and also demonstrate their utility in catalytic asymmetric alkylation of benzaldehyde with diethylzinc.
		With these ligands in hand, the catalytic activities of 11-23 for the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde was then examined (Scheme 2 and Table 2).
		We were successful in developing a convenient method to synthesize a variety of diazole chiral ligands using high pressure-promoted epoxide opening reactions, and in clarifying the novel catalytic activity of these ligands in enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde.
	www.ch.ic.ac.uk /ectoc/echet96/papers/106 (648 words)

	Chemistry 211 Experiment 10
		The reaction is an acylion condensation to benzaldehyde:
		In this, the first step of our multistep reaction sequence, benzaldehyde will be condensed, using the thiamine coenzyme as catalyst, to produce benzoin.
		The thiamine hydrochloride must also be from a newly opened bottle, although it is not quite as critical as for the benzaldehyde.
	www.miracosta.cc.ca.us /home/dlr/211exp10.htm (2448 words)

	MoreLife: Research Chemicals - N-tert-butyl Hydroxylamine
		Previous studies have shown that benzaldehyde causes the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in rat synaptosomal fractions.
		Benzaldehyde has also been implicated in ROS formation in the CNS of rats treated with toluene.
		Since glutathione peroxidase is the main enzyme responsible for removal of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides in brain, its inactivation by benzaldehyde may be a main contributor to the observed ROS formation and the observed neurotoxicity caused by either benzaldehyde or toluene exposure."
	morelife.org /researchems/NtBHA.html (1427 words)

	PABA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In one of your answers, you mentioned it was para-amino benzaldehyde.
		This empirical formula is not attributed to p-amino benzaldehyde in either the Handbook of Chemistry and Physics or Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, so while it probably can be synthesized, it is not a common chemical reagent.
		Since p-amino benzaldehyde has both amine and aldehyde functionality it is very likely that it will polymerize to form "poly-aldimines".
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/chem00/chem00883.htm (309 words)

	094. Benzaldehyde (FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series 44a)
		Description Benzaldehyde occurs as a constituent of oils of bitter almond, peach and apricot kernel.
		It is affected by light and it oxidizes in air to benzoic acid.
		Biological Data Biochemical aspects Benzaldehyde is hydrogenated in the rabbit to benzoyl alcohol, which is further oxidized to benzoic acid and excreted as hippuric acid (Bray et al., 1951).
	www.inchem.org /documents/jecfa/jecmono/v44aje03.htm (459 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Lead author Pamela Dalton determined the threshold at which each person could no longer smell benzaldehyde, as well as the thresholds beneath which they could taste neither the sweetener saccharin nor monosodium glutamate, a "savory" flavoring also known as MSG and commonly found in Asian foods.
		Then, Dalton and her colleagues combined a sample of benzaldehyde that was below this threshold with a similarly small amount of saccharin.
		The researchers chose benzaldehyde and saccharin because they are commonly paired in sweet foods found in the typical American diet.
	www.intelihealth.com /pcn/general/00278055.htm (510 words)

	h21a-16 in sm97 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Iron reduction was studied in live and abiotic anaerobic macrocosms containing 1 kg of aquifer sediment and 500 ml of groundwater, both from a petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated plume in which iron was an important electron sink.
		Benzaldehyde was repeatedly added and the concentrations of benzaldehyde, dissolved and solid phase iron, sulfate, and most probable number of total anaerobes, iron reducers and anaerobic protozoa were monitored.
		The amount of iron utilized was 15% of the stoichiometric amount, required for complete benzaldehyde mineralization and 54% of the total solid phase iron.
	www.agu.org /cgi-bin/SFgate/SFgate?&listenv=table&multiple=1&range=1&directget=1&application=sm97&database=/data/epubs/wais/indexes/sm97/sm97&maxhits=200&="H21A-16" (15751 words)

	An Increased Receptive Field of Olfactory Receptor Or43a in the Antennal Lobe of Drosophila Reduces Benzaldehyde-driven ...
		A mixture of an attractive odorant and benzaldehyde
		Figure 5 T-maze of wild type flies to mixtures of benzaldehyde and ethyl acetate at the indicated concentrations.
		that misexpression of Or43a, one of the benzaldehyde receptors,
	chemse.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/30/1/81 (3421 words)

	Alkylations
		Draw a resonance structure for benzaldehyde comparable to resonance contributor 2' in Figure 1.
		Would you expect the electron density to be higher in the aromatic ring of styrene or benzaldehyde?
		Would you expect the chemical shift of the ortho protons in styrene to be higher or lower than that of the ortho protons in benzaldehyde?
	www.usm.maine.edu /~newton/Chy251_253/Lectures/template.html (161 words)

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