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Topic: Benzene hexachloride

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	Benzene Price Report - Chemical pricing information - ICIS-LOR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Benzene is used primarily as a raw material in the synthesis of styrene (polystyrene plastics and synthetic rubber), phenol (phenolic resins), cyclohexane (nylon), aniline, maleic anhydride (polyester resins), alkylbenzenes (detergents) and chlorobenzenes.
		Benzene has been used in the rotogravure printing industry, preparation and use of inks in the graphic arts industries, in extraction and rectification, in shoe manufacturing, as a thinner for paints, as a degreasing agent and as a component of motor vehicle gasoline.
		Benzene is a colourless, refractive liquid with a characteristic aromatic odour.
	www.icislor.com /il_shared/cniChems/SubPage397.asp (247 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Benzene
		Benzene, colorless liquid with a characteristic odor and burning taste, formula C
		The benzene molecule is a closed ring of six carbon atoms...
		As 1950 got underway, there was a conservative optimism in the chemical and chemical process industries.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Benzene.html (149 words)

	benzene -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Discovered by the English scientist Michael Faraday in 1825 in illuminating gas made from whale oil, it was named benzene in 1845 by A.W. von Hofmann, the German chemist, who detected it in coal tar.
		Benzene is obtained chiefly from coke-oven gas, which yields various grades of benzol sufficiently pure for most markets.
		Chemically, the hydrocarbon benzene, which forms the basis of the aromatics, is a closed, six-sided ring structure of carbon atoms with a hydrogen atom at each corner of the hexagonal structure.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9078683 (494 words)

	Re: How is Lindane chemically manufactured?
		The mixture is stirred continuously and the temperature is maintained at 15 degrees C to 20 degrees C. The supply of chlorine is then interrupted and the precipitated solid filtered off and dried.
		The mother liquid is then mixed with 330 parts of benzene and the mixture again treated with 890 part of chlorine in the manner described.
		After filtering the reaction mixture resulting from the second chlorination, the filtrate is again mixed with a smaller quantity of benzene and again chlorinated in a similar manner.
	www.headlice.org /lindane/discussion/_nov03/00000011.htm (256 words)

	Lindane
		Prepared by treating crude benzene hexachloride with methanol or acetic acid in which the alpha- and beta-isomers are nearly insoluble, followed by chromatographic adsorption or fractional crystallization.
		Crude benzene hexachloride consists of 10-18% of the gamma-isomer, 55-70% of the alpha- isomer, 5-14% of the beta-isomer, 6-8% of the delta-isomer, 3-4% of the epsilon-isomer, and a trace of the eta-isomer.
		A heptachlorocyclohexane and an octachlorocyclohexane are present as impurities and contribute to the unpleasant odor of benzene hexachloride.
	www.headlice.org /lindane/lindane/lindane.htm (628 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		benzene benzenebĕn´zēn, bĕnzēn´, colorless, flammable, toxic liquid with a pleasant aromatic odor.
		It boils at 80.1°C and solidifies at 5.5°C. Benzene is a hydrocarbon, with formula C6H6.
		The simplest picture of the benzene molecule, proposed by the German chemist Friedrich Kekulé (1865), is a hexagon of six carbon atoms join...
	www.encyclopedia.com /search.asp?target=@DOCTITLE+benzene (79 words)

	benzene hexachloride -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		any of several isomeric compounds (i.e., of the same composition but different structures) formed by the reaction of chlorine with benzene in the presence of light; one of these isomers is an insecticide called Lindane, or Gammexane.
		Benzene hexachloride was first prepared in 1825; the insecticidal properties were identified in 1944 with the
		More results on "benzene hexachloride" when you join.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9078684?tocId=9078684 (479 words)

	P-DICHLOROBENZENE (1,4-DICHLOROBENZENE)
		Chlorobenzenes are organic halogen compounds of cyclic aromatics formed by replacing hydrogen atoms in benzene by 1-6 atoms of chlorine.
		PCB is produced by the denitrification of pentachloronitrobenzene and the reductive dechlorination of HCB as well as by the addition of chlorine to TeCB.
		HCB is produced by the direct chlorination of benzene with ferric chloride catalyst at 150-200 C from the distillation of residues from the production of tetrachloroethylene.
	www.chemicalland21.com /industrialchem/organic/P-DICHLOROBENZENE.htm (929 words)

	Astral Pharmaceuticals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Gama Benzene Hexachloride is a broad-spectrum insecticide, which has been used since 1949 for agricultural as well as non-agricultural purposes.
		As a pharmaceutical preparation, Gama Benzene Hexachloride is an insecticide, larvicide and acaricide.
		Modern use is as a prophylactic agent in surgical wounds packed with gauze soaked in proflavine hemisulphate solution It is an intercalating agent that inhibits bacteria by binding to DNA and prevents unwinding prior to DNA synthesis.
	www.astralpharmaceutical.com /pro_properties.htm (1635 words)

	112. BHC (Technical grades) (FAO/PL:1968/M/9/1)
		Synonyms BHC: benzene hexachloride; HCH, 666: hexachlor; HCCH.
		Clarification by governments of whether established tolerances are for technical grades of benzene hexachloride or for lindane (99 per cent gamma-isomer only).
		Surg., 37: 295-300 Woodard, G. and Hagan, E. (1947) Toxicological studies on the isomers and mixtures of isomers of benzene hexachloride.
	www.inchem.org /documents/jmpr/jmpmono/v068pr03.htm (2743 words)

	Class Action Benzene Blog
		Benzene is one of the main building blocks of the petrochemical industry.
		The benzene molecule is represented by a hexagon...
		The concomitant aerobic biodegradation of benzene and thiophene was investigated in microcosm...
	classactionbenzene.blogspot.com (4322 words)

	Healthopedia.com Drugs Information - Lindane (Kwell, Thionex, Hexit, PMS Lindane, gamma benzene hexachloride)
		Lindane (LIN-dane), formerly known as gamma benzene hexachloride, is an insecticide and is used to treat scabies and lice infestations.
		Another commonly used name for lindane is gamma benzene hexachloride.
		USP DI® and Advice for the Patient® are registered trademarks of USP used under license to Micromedex, a business of Thomson Healthcare Inc. Information is for End User's use only and may not be sold, redistributed or otherwise used for commercial purposes.
	www.healthopedia.com /drugs/detailed/lindane (283 words)

	Spectrum Laboratories : Chemical Fact Sheet - Cas # 71432
		USA benzene demand is projected to climb from 3.8% in 1987, to 5.7 million tons, and reach 6
		evaporation from soil to benzene uniformly distributed to 1 and 10 cm in soil were 7.2 and 38.4
		Benzene is fairly soluble in water and is removed from the atmosphere in
	www.speclab.com /compound/c71432.htm (1665 words)

	Organic Chemistry, Fourth Edition by L. G. Wade, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA Chapter 17 -- Exam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Benzene is converted to nitrobenzene by a mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid.
		What is produced by the reaction of benzene with a solution of SO in D
		Why does an electron-withdrawing substituent on a benzene ring tend to be meta-directing in electrophilic substitution?
	cwx.prenhall.com /bookbind/pubbooks/wade/chapter17/multiple3/deluxe-content.html (233 words)

	drugs skin disorders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It is less effective than gamma benzene hexachloride as it has to be applied for two days.
		Its irritant effect is, however, less than gamma benzene hexachloride.
		Its irritant effect on the skin is more than that of gamma benzene hexachloride and may cause a burning or stinging sensation on the area of application.
	www.indiangyan.com /books/healthbooks/complet_femily_medicine_book/drugs_skin_disorders.shtml (2040 words)

	Archives of Environmental Health: Evaluation of daily dietary intake of dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Archives of Environmental Health: Evaluation of daily dietary intake of dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and benzene hexachloride (BHC) in India.@ HighBeam Research
		Archives of Environmental Health; 1/1/1994; Singh, M.M. Duplicate samples of the diet of vegetarian adults were analyzed to estimate the residues of dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and benzene hexachloride (BHC).
		The total food consumed by an adult per day was collected and categorized as fatty food, non-fatty food, water, and beverages.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:14930026&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (212 words)

	MFA - CAMEO - Material Description
		The legal name for the chemical gamma benzene hexachloride.
		Lindane is a powerful insecticide that is used as a fungicide, an indoor fumigant, and a contact poison.
		Soluble in acetone, cyclohexane, naphtha, benzene, and ethanol.
	www.mfa.org /_cameo/frontend/fullrecord.asp?name=lindane (105 words)

	Pesticide Lindane and Breast Cancer Risk
		Davidow, B., and Frawley, J. Tissue distribution, accumulation and elimination of the isomers of benzene hexachloride.
		Orr, J. Absence of carcinogenic activity of benzene hexachloride (Gammexane).
		Reuber, M. Carcinogenicity of benzene hexachloride and its isomers.
	envirocancer.cornell.edu /Bibliography/Pesticide/bib.lindane.cfm (7432 words)

	Combined toxicity of fluoride and benzene hexachloride to rats
		SUMMARY: Sprague-Dawley rats were given various treatments of 10 ppm fluoride, 25 ppm fluoride, 25 ppm benzene hexachloride (BHC), 10 ppm fluoride + 25 ppm BHC, or 25 ppm fluoride + 25 ppm BHC for 16 weeks ad libitum.
		Key words: Benzene hexachloride (BHC), Fluorosis; Rat; Synergism.
		Histopathological and biochemical changes in guinea pigs after repeated dermal exposure to benzene hexachloride.
	www.fluoride-journal.com /97-30-2/302-105.htm (1829 words)

	Benzene - ENCYCLOPEDIA - The History Channel UK
		benzene, colorless, flammable, toxic liquid with a pleasant aromatic odor.
		Benzene is the parent substance of the aromatic compounds
		In addition to derivatives formed by the substitution of other groups for one or more of the hydrogen atoms of the benzene ring, two or more rings may be joined together, as in naphthalene
	www.thehistorychannel.co.uk /site/search/search.php?word=ASCIDIAN&enc=5164 (381 words)

	NC DHHS press release (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		WAYNESVILLE-Health officials have recommended that residents of Barber's Orchard not use their well water for drinking and cooking after groundwater sampling found elevated levels of chemicals apparently stemming from the subdivisions' past history as an apple orchard.
		The chemicals of concern are various forms of benzene hexachloride (BHC), which are probable human carcinogens.
		Benzene hexachlorides, of which one form is a well-known compound called Lindane, were commonly used as pesticides.
	www.dhhs.state.nc.us /pressrel/3-15-99.htm (478 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary
		thr[schwa]-s[emacr]n) one of a group of aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of anthracene with one benzene substitution; some of them have carcinogenic properties.
		It is harmful by transdermal absorption and acutely toxic by ingestion or inhalation, causing mucous membrane irritation, neurological symptoms, and death due to respiratory failure; chronic exposure may result in bone marrow depression and aplasia and leukemia.
		benzene hexachloride, a compound prepared by chlorination of benzene in actinic light, consisting of five isomers; the gamma isomer (see lindane) is a powerful insecticide.
	www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_b_08zPzhtm (2450 words)

	benzene - OneLook Dictionary Search
		BENZENE : LANL Clean Coal Technology Compendium [home, info]
		Phrases that include benzene: benzene ring, benzene hexachloride, benzene nucleus, benzene formula, gamma benzene hexachloride, more...
		Words similar to benzene: benzenoid, benzine, benzol, more...
	www.onelook.com /?w=benzene (309 words)

	Re: Cyclohexane reaction with chlorine?
		I wonder if you were really meaning to ask about the reaction between benzene and chlorine.
		We use acidic conditions, and often use one of a number of possible catalysts.
		The last molecule shown -- 5,6-dichlorocyclohexadiene -- is a very much more reactive molecule than benzene, so the reaction goes all the way to the hexachlorocyclohexane product.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/jul99/933137286.Ch.r.html (237 words)

	AllRefer.com - benzene hexachloride, Environment (Environmental Studies) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - benzene hexachloride, Environment (Environmental Studies) - Encyclopedia
		You are here : AllRefer.com > Reference > Encyclopedia > Environmental Studies > benzene hexachloride
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on benzene hexachloride
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/X/X-benzenhex.html (128 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		TRobin 2.25 mg/kg - d LOAEL based on reproductive effects in Japanese quail (Vos et al., 1971; adjusted for body weight in Sample et al.
		This exposure pathway is not considered in calculating Tier 2 screening levels.
		Comparison with other risk-based soil standards for benzene hexachloride (mg/kg) Washington Eco-Risk Method (WERM) Wildlife (SLW) 3 Wildlife/plants/soil biota (SLWPS) 3 EPA (HWIR) Protective Exposure Concentrations (PEC) Shrew NA Robin 39* Plants NA Soil biota NA Environment Canada Wildlife (SQGI) NA Plants/soil biota (SQGSC) NA RIVM Intervention Value 2 (Soil biota) Max.
	www.ecy.wa.gov /programs/tcp/mtca_gen/lindane.doc (654 words)

	GAMBEX® SHAMPOO
		Gamma Benzene Hexachloride is a chlorinated insecticide active as a contact poison.
		Gamma Benzene Hexachloride should be used with caution, especially in children.
		Seizures have been reported after the use of Gamma Benzene Hexachloride, but a cause and effect relationship has not been established.
	home.intekom.com /pharm/sad-otc/gambex.html (276 words)

	Love Canal: A special Report to the Governor & Legislature
		Prompted by public health concerns, initial priority was given to evaluation of basement air samples from homes contiguous to the canal.
		To determine the extent of chemical migration into private residences, 800 basement air samples from 400 homes within a four block radius of the landfill were analyzed for seven chemical compounds: chloroform, benzene, trichloroethene, toluene, tetrachloroethene, chlorobenzene and chlorotoluene.
		The mapping of benzene air concentrations revealed no clear patterns of contamination.
	www.health.state.ny.us /nysdoh/lcanal/lcreport.htm (14266 words)

	Buy Jacutin (Lindane) Online Without Prescription Needed
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