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Topic: Benzocaine

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	Benzocaine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Benzocaine is a local anesthetic commonly used as a topical pain reliever.
		Benzocaine is an ester, a compound made from the organic acid PABA (para-aminobenzoic acid) and ethanol.
		Some benzocaine will precipitate out of solution when added to the saltwater, so it is recommended to add the volume of stock solution you will be using to a separate container and mix it with some saltwater before adding it to the tank.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Benzocaine (332 words)

	Benzocaine-Induced Methemoglobinemia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Stoiber (1999) reported a 71-year-old male received benzocaine prior to bronchoscopy and became cyanotic during the procedure and was diagnosed with benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia.
		Benzocaine is an active ingredient found in the topical anesthetics that are commonly used prior to endoscopic procedures.
		Benzocaine appears to induce an increase in the level of methemoglobin by acting as an indirect oxidant, causing the hemoglobin in the red blood cells to undergo oxidation.
	www.endonurse.com /articles/341feat5.html (1525 words)

	Benzocaine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Lozenges containing benzocaine in usual doses of up to 10 mg are dissolved slowly in the mouth for the relief of sore throat.
		Benzocaine has also been used as the hydrochloride in preparations for dental pain, sore throat, and inflammatory ear disorders.
		Benzocaine is used in creams, ointments, lotions, solutions, sprays, gels, and suppositories in concentrations up to 20% for topical analgesia and anaesthesia.
	hem.passagen.se /fbendz (214 words)

	Methemoglobinemia
		Collins, J. "Methemoglobinemia as a complication of 20% benzocaine spray for endoscopy." Gastroenterology 98(1): 211-3.
		Eight crossbred Dorset ewes were dosed intranasally with benzocaine for 2 sec or with 40 mg of lidocaine in a randomized crossover design.
		Benzocaine should be replaced by lidocaine when local anesthesia of the nasal or oropharyngeal region in sheep is required.
	www.wolfetory.com /education/Benzocaine_methemoglobin.htm (2217 words)

	Benzocaine Spray (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Benzocaine spray is a topical local anesthetic (pain-relieving) spray used for the temporary relief of pain and itching associated with an episiotomy (an incision made between the vagina and anus) or hemorrhoids.
		Benzocaine spray should be applied directly to the affected skin area three to four times per day or as directed by your health care provider.
		Benzocaine spray should not be used if you have a sensitivity to this drug or to other anesthetic agents.
	www.clevelandclinic.org /health/health-info/docs/2700/2739.asp?index=6916&src=news (426 words)

	Benzocaine Sprays marketed under different names, including Hurricaine, Topex, and Cetacaine
		Benzocaine sprays are used in medical practice for locally numbing mucous membranes of the mouth and throat for minor surgical procedures or when a tube must be inserted into the stomach or airways.
		Patients who receive benzocaine sprays should be carefully observed for signs of methemoglobinemia including pale, gray or blue colored skin, headache, lightheadedness, shortness of breath, anxiety, fatigue and tachycardia (rapid heart rate).
		The VA health system has announced its decision to remove benzocaine sprays from their practice because they believe other topical anesthetics are less likely to cause methemoglobinemia and because the procedures themselves might cause similar signs, suggesting that methemoglobinemia may occur but go unrecognized in some cases.
	www.fda.gov /cder/drug/advisory/benzocaine.htm (753 words)

	Benzocaine
		Benzocaine is only for use in the outer ear canal; do not take by mouth.
		Benzocaine is applied to the affected area of the mouth or gums with a clean fingertip, cotton, or a cotton swab.
		Benzocaine is applied to the affected area of the skin three or four times a day as needed.
	www.stjohn.org /HealthInfoLib/swArticle.aspx?26,59 (1598 words)

	Benzocaine, Information, cause, treatment, cure by Orlando Board Certified Dermatologist John L. Meisenheimer, M.D., ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This patient information on Benzocaine is provided by John L. Meisenheimer, M.D. a board certified Dermatologist and skin care specialist based in Orlando, Florida.
		If you are allergic to Benzocaine, you may also react to sunscreen and creams containing PABA (sunscreens) and to permanent hair dyes.
		Benzocaine sensitive individuals may have cross-reactions to some injectable local anesthetics such as Novacaine (Procaine), Monocaine and Pontocaine.
	www.orlandoskindoc.com /test.benzocaine.htm (318 words)

	Anesthesia & Euthanasia
		Benzocaine, acetylbenzocaine, p-aminobenzoic acid, and acetyl-p-aminobenzoic acid concentrations were determined by reverse isotope dilution using HPLC and LS counting.
		The benzocaine blood-to-water concentration ratio was 2.17-2.80 for catfish and 5.47 for perch.
		Benzocaine is a promising candidate for registration with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use as an anesthetic in fish culture, management, and research.
	www.nal.usda.gov /awic/pubs/Fishwelfare/anes.htm (12432 words)

	The Ultimate Weight Loss Program
		After four weeks, the benzocaine subjects lost an average of three pounds per week, which was twice as much as all other subjects.
		At the end of 17 weeks the benzocaine subjects lost significantly greater amounts than those on any other regimen and were continuing to lose an average of over two pounds per week.
		The patients were given a benzocaine lozenge and instructed to dissolve one tablet under the tongue before eating, or whenever hungry.
	www.artisian.com /client_sites/tridiet/detail_tridiet_zocal2.html (461 words)

	Caudata.org Newt and Salamander Forum: Benzocaine
		Benzocaine has not been used in thicker skinned amphibians such as paramesotritions, or tylototrition.
		Additionally I would not recommend "treating" the newts pain with additional treatments of benzocaine as benzocaine may be damaging to the animals kidneys and/or liver.
		The original descriptions of this procedure had the gel containing the benzocaine applied to the head of the amphibian, however it has been shown that it may be more effective if applied to the ventral (belly) surface of the animal (this may actually be most effective in anurans, which have pelvic patches, rather than caudates).
	www.caudata.org /forum/cgi-bin/show.cgi?tpc=8&post=3101 (922 words)

	Methemoglobinemia with benzocaine sprays prompts actions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Cases of methemoglobinemia have resulted from routine use of benzocaine sprays as well as medication errors due to incorrect use of the products (e.g., longer duration or more frequent sprays than recommended), FDA noted in a public health advisory posted on its Web site.
		The VA is ending use of benzocaine sprays because it believes other topical anesthetics are less likely to cause methemoglobinemia and because the procedures themselves might cause similar signs, suggesting that methemoglobinemia may occur but go unrecognized in some cases.
		Patients who receive benzocaine sprays should be carefully observed for signs of methemoglobinemia including pale, gray or blue colored skin, headache, lightheadedness, shortness of breath, anxiety, fatigue and tachycardia.
	www.pharmacist.com /articles/h_ts_1051.cfm (337 words)

	Benzocaine - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		* Patients who receive benzocaine sprays should be given the minimum amount needed, to reduce the risks associated with methemoglobinemia.
		* Patients who receive benzocaine sprays should be carefully observed for signs of methemoglobinemia including pale, gray or blue colored skin, headache, lightheadedness, shortness of breath, anxiety, fatigue and tachycardia (rapid heart rate).
		{Articaine} {Benzocaine} {Bupivacaine} {Chloroprocaine} {Cocaine} {Etidocaine} {Lidocaine} {Mepivacaine} {Prilocaine} {Procaine} {Ropivacaine} {Tetracaine}
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Benzocaine (585 words)

	Benzocaine spray products may cause life-threatening condition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The commonly-used anesthetic benzocaine may inhibit red blood cells’ capacity to carry oxygen, which in some cases can result in cyanosis and life-threatening complications.
		Prior to those procedures, a spray dosage form of benzocaine is often used to anesthetize the patient’s oropharynx and suppress the gag reflex.
		Administering a correct dose of benzocaine is difficult since listed doses range from 0.5 second to 1 second sprays, and variations in the amount dispensed may occur due to canister position and amount of remaining contents.
	www.wcanews.com /archives/2004/oct20b.htm (174 words)

	Antipyrine and Benzocaine, side effects, drug interactions, overdose, dosage
		Apply Antipyrine and Benzocaine drop by drop into the ear, permitting the solution to run along the wall of the ear canal until it is filled.
		Apply Antipyrine and Benzocaine drop by drop into the ear 3 times daily for 2 or 3 days to help detach and remove earwax from the wall of the ear canal.
		Before and after the removal of earwax, cotton dressing material such as gauze should be moistened with Antipyrine and Benzocaine and inserted into the opening of the ear.
	www.pdrhealth.com /drug_info/rxdrugprofiles/drugs/ant1656.shtml (503 words)

	Benzocaine Gel Toothache Pilot Study (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Objectives: This pilot study evaluated subject compliance with a proposed OTC label for self-application of benzocaine gel and assessed the methodology proposed for a future pivotal study of benzocaine in toothache pain.
		Before self-applying 20% benzocaine or placebo, patients read a label containing directions and a picture of how much product to apply to their tooth and surrounding gingival tissue.
		Benzocaine had a significantly higher (p = 0.022) responder rate (86.7%) than placebo (46.7%).
	iadr.confex.com /iadr/2005Balt/techprogram/abstract_59861.htm (288 words)

	Death of an infant involving benzocaine
		In light of the toxicology findings, the coroner investigated the source of the benzocaine and discovered that the child was treated with Zenith Goldline Allergen Ear Drops containing 0.25% w/v benzocaine and 5.4% w/v antipyrine.
		Methemoglobin in these benzocaine positive cases ranged from 6–69%; however, methemoglobin concentrations in postmortem cases are frequently elevated and should be interpreted with caution.
		The unknown significance of the benzocaine, and the circumstances of the case raise questions about the ultimate attribution of this death to SIDS.
	www.astm.org /JOURNALS/FORENSIC/PAGES/5129.htm (265 words)

	Cocaine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cocaine is frequently adulterated or “cut” with various powdery fillers to increase its surface area; the substances most commonly used in this process are baking soda; sugars, such as lactose, inositol, and mannitol; and local anesthetics, such as lidocaine or benzocaine, which mimic or add to cocaine's numbing effect on mucous membranes.
		The major disadvantages of this use are cocaine's intense vasoconstrictor activity and potential for cardiovascular toxicity.
		If vasoconstriction is desired for a procedure (as it reduces bleeding), the anesthetic is combined with a vasoconstrictor such as phenylephrine or epinephrine.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cocaine (7982 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Antipyrine and Benzocaine (Otic) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Antipyrine and benzocaine (an-tee-PYE-reen and BEN-zoe-kane) combination is used in the ear to help relieve the pain, swelling, and congestion of some ear infections.
		Mothers who are using this medicine and who wish to breast-feed should discuss this with their doctor.
		Although there is no specific information comparing use of antipyrine and benzocaine in the elderly with use in other age groups, this medicine is not expected to cause different side effects or problems in older people than it does in younger adults.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202066.html (907 words)

	Benzocaine contact allergy. DermNet NZ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Benzocaine is a widely used local and topical anaesthetic.
		Benzocaine is a para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) derivative and cross-reacts with other benzoic acid derived local anaesthetics (both topical and injectable forms).
		Benzocaine allergy is diagnosed by performing special allergy tests, i.e.
	dermnetnz.org /dermatitis/caine-allergy.html (395 words)

	Benzocaine
		Benzocaine is a local anesthetic contained in many topical products, particularly used in the treatment of:
		Moreover, benzocaine shows cross-reactivity also with aniline dyes, procaine and sulfonamide.
		In cases where the relevance is possible, or in cases of suspected occupational dermatitis, or for study purposes, it is advisable to perform patch tests with suspected materials or look for benzocaine in products usually not containing benzocaine (safety data sheets, information from manufacturer, analytical investigation)
	orgs.dermis.net /content/e05eecdrg/e05news/e686/e692/index_ger.html (407 words)

	Antipyrine; Benzocaine
		Antipyrine; benzocaine is only for use in the outer ear canal.
		The solution may be warmed by holding the bottle in the hand for 1â”2 minutes.
		Antipyrine; benzocaine ear solution is not for long-term use.
	www.stjohn.org /HealthInfoLib/swArticle.aspx?26,873 (470 words)

	BENZOCAINE TOPICAL SPRAY (Endocaine, Hurricaine) side effects, medical uses, and drug interactions.
		BENZOCAINE TOPICAL SPRAY (Endocaine, Hurricaine) side effects, medical uses, and drug interactions.
		USES: This medication is used on the skin to relieve pain, itching and irritation due to insect bites, burns, scrapes, sunburn, rash or other skin disorders.
		Read 8 more benzocaine topical spray related articles...
	www.medicinenet.com /benzocaine_topical_spray/article.htm (447 words)

	Benzocaine-Containing Topical Sprays and Methemoglobinemia
		Because methemoglobin is a form of hemoglobin that is unable to carry oxygen, the condition can be life-threatening, causing cyanosis, confusion, hemodynamic instability, and coma if not recognized and treated appropriately.
		The FDA MEDWATCH database contains about 100 reports of methemoglobinemia related to the use of benzocaine, the most common topical anesthetic associated with this reaction.1 However, this is probably only a small fraction of actual cases experienced in the US.
		In reviewing reported cases of methemoglobinemia, clinicians often used multiple sprays of benzocaine and sprays of longer duration than recommended.
	www.ismp.org /MSAarticles/sprays.htm (429 words)

	Local Anesthetics \| Poison Control Center - Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
		The most commonly used local anesthetics include: benzocaine, procaine, 2-chloroprocaine, tetracaine, lidocaine, dibucaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine, bupivacaine and etidocaine.
		Additionally, benzocaine, lidocaine and prilocaine have been reported to induce methemoglobinemia.
		The literature contains reports of toxic reactions as a result of overdosage, inadvertant intravascular injection and by absorption of local anesthetics from the gastrointestinal tract and through damaged skin.
	www.chop.edu /consumer/jsp/division/generic.jsp?id=72625 (490 words)

	Benzocaine
		Hypersensitivity to benzocaine, other ester-type local anesthetics, or any component of the formulation; secondary bacterial infection of area; ophthalmic use; see package labeling for specific contraindications
		Treatment is primarily symptomatic and supportive; termination of anesthesia by pneumatic tourniquet inflation should be attempted when the agent is administered by infiltration or regional injection.
		Rynn KO, Jahns BE, and Sabbun R, "Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) Secondary to Benzocaine Induced Methemoglobinemia,"Clin Toxicol, 1995, 33(5):495.
	www.musc.edu /pharmacyservices/Drugs/B/Benzocaine.htm (658 words)

	Local anesthetics QX 572 and benzocaine act at separate sites on the batrachotoxin-activated sodium channel -- Huang ...
		Local anesthetics QX 572 and benzocaine act at separate sites on the batrachotoxin-activated sodium channel -- Huang and Ehrenstein 77 (2): 137 -- The Journal of General Physiology
		permanently charged, and benzocaine, which is neutral, on batrachotoxin-
		When benzocaine and QX 572 are present with batrachotoxin,
	www.jgp.org /cgi/content/abstract/77/2/137 (221 words)

	EndoNurse - FDA Issues Public Health Advisory on Benzocaine Sprays (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is aware of the reported adverse events and is reviewing all available safety data, but at this time is not planning action to remove the drugs from the market.
		Until now, the FDA has concluded that the number of reported adverse events with these sprays has been low and, when properly used, these products can help make important procedures less uncomfortable for patients.
		Patients who may have greater tendency for elevated levels of methemoglobinemia, such as all children less than four months of age and older patients with certain in-born defects (such as glucose-6-phosphodiesterase (G-6-PD) deficiency, hemoglobin-M disease, NADH-methemoglobin reductase (diaphorase 1) deficiency, and pyruvate-kinase deficiency) may benefit from products with different active ingredients such as lidocaine.
	www.endonurse.com /hotnews/62h141625111770.html (827 words)

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