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Topic: Berber

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Tamazight

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	Berber@Everything2.com
		Berber protests have had limited success, but they have at least led to the introduction of formal teaching of Berber in some Moroccan and Algerian schools and universities.
		The Berber language is known as "Berber" to Europeans and as "Shilha" to Arabs, while the Berbers themselves call their language Tamazight (the "gh" in the words Tamazight and Amazigh is pronounced as a sharp "r").
		Instead, the Berbers have tended to assimilate the culture and adopt the written language of their conquerors - initially Phoenician, Greek and Latin, later Arabic - while continuing to speak spoken Berber among themselves.
	www.everything2.com /index.pl?node_id=194215 (1402 words)

	Berber Carpet - Flooring Directory & Guide
		Berber carpet was named after a handmade, bulky textured wool floorcovering made by a tribe of the same name located in a region of North Africa.
		Berber carpet is a term used today to describe any broadloom that has the natural off-white, heathered look of the cloaks used by these same tribespeople.
		Berbers unique patterning lends itself to a more attractive dimensional design statement and the random effects are quite effective in hiding soiling and tracking.
	www.floorbiz.com /carpet/carpet-buying-guide/carpet-construction/berber-carpet.htm (468 words)

	The Story of Africa\| BBC World Service
		Berbers were at the centre of the Almoravid movement, which began with the piety of one man, the scholar and holy man, Abdallah Ibn Yasin.
		The Berbers maintained their historical role of being independently minded and tenacious fighters right into the twentieth century.
		Listen to The Berbers Of North Africa, the third programme in the BBC landmark radio series The Story of Africa, presented by Hugh Quarshie
	www.bbc.co.uk /worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/7chapter4.shtml (291 words)

	Berber Carpet Repair & Snags Ill
		berber carpet snag repair hinsdale IL i berber carpet snag repair lisle
		berber carpet snag repair geneva berber carpet snag repair st.charles il
		Berber Snag Repair IL berber carpet snag repair bartlett
	www.sparklingcleancarpets.com /berber_carpet__repair___snags_.html (489 words)

	Berber - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Berber groups are first mentioned in writing by the ancient Egyptians during the Predynastic Period, and during the New Kingdom the Egyptians later fought against the Meshwesh and Lebu (Libyans) tribes on their western borders.
		A second mixed army of Arabs and Berbers came in 712 under Ibn Nusayr himself, and are claimed to have formed approximately 66% of the Islamic population in Iberia, and supposedly that is the reason why they helped the Umayyad caliph Abd ar-Rahman I in Al-Andalus, because his mother was a Berber woman.
		The Berbers live mainly in Morocco (between 35%- 80% of the population) and in Algeria (about 15%-33% of the population), as well as Libya and Tunisia, though exact statistics are unavailable[3]; see Berber languages#Population.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Berber (3349 words)

	Berber - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Berber groups are first mentioned in writing by the ancient Egyptians, who fought against the "Lebu" (Libyans) on their western borders, and in 945 BC were conquered by Lebu who founded the Twenty-Sixth Dynasty.
		A second mixed army of Arabs and Berbers came in 712 under Ibn Nusayr himself, and are claimed to have formed approximately 66% of the Islamic population in Spain, and supposedly that is the reason why they helped the Umayyad caliph Abd ar-Rahman I in Spain, because his mother was a Berber woman.
		The Berbers live mainly in Morocco (between 35%- 80% of the population) and in Algeria (about 15%-33% of the population), as well as Libya and Tunisia, though exact statistics are unavailablehttp://www.ethnologue.com/; see Berber languages#Population.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /berber.htm (2654 words)

	Info and facts on 'Berber' (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Berber groups such as the Rif (additional info and facts about Rif) ains and Kabyles (additional info and facts about Kabyles) have the least sub-Saharan admixture (~2%) and the highest European admixture (~15%); Arabic-speaking groups have about 7% sub-Saharan admixture overall.
		Berber groups are first mentioned in writing by the ancient Egyptians, who fought against the "Meshwesh" and "Lebu" (Libyans) on their western borders.
		One particularly prominent Berber group are the Kabyles (additional info and facts about Kabyles) of northern Algeria, who number approximately 4 million and have kept, to a large degree, their original language and culture.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/be/berber.htm (2994 words)

	Berber - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Berber (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Their language, present-day Berber (a member of the Hamito-Semitic or Afro-Asiatic language family), is written in both Arabic and Berber characters and is spoken by about 10 million people: about one-third of Algerians and nearly two-thirds of Moroccans.
		Berbers are mainly agricultural, but some are still nomadic.
		The Berber, who include the Tuareg, the Kabyles, and the Shawiya, were progressively Islamized from the time of the Arab invasion in the 7th century.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Berber (238 words)

	Berber - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Berbers are predominantly Muslim ethnic groups living in northern Africa.
		The Berbers live mainly in Morocco (between 35%- 80% of the population) and in Algeria (about 15%-33% of the population), as well as Libya and Tunisia, though exact statistics are unavailable[9]; see Berber languages#Population.
		The Moslems who entered Spain in 711 were mainly Berbers, and were led by a Berber, Tariq ibn Ziyad.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Berber (1282 words)

	Berber languages (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Berber languages have two cases of the noun organized ergatively: one is unmarked while other serves for the subject of a verb and the object of a preposition.
		Subclassification of the Berber languages is made by their mutual closeness; Maarten Kossmann (1999) it as two dialect continua Northern Berber and Tuareg and a few peripheral languages spoken isolated pockets largely surrounded by Arabic that fall outside these continua namely Zenaga and the Libyan and Egyptian varieties.
		Within Northern Berber however he a break in the continuum between Zenati and their non-Zenati neighbors; and in the he recognizes a division between Ghadames and Awjila on the one hand and El-Foqaha Siwa and Djebel Nefusa on the other.
	www.freeglossary.com /Berber_languages (1658 words)

	Berbers (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Berbers comprise a clear majority of the population of North Africa in terms of race, but in terms of identity, a considerable minority.
		Berbers in those days had the choice between living in the mountains, resisting Arab dominance, or moving into the Arab community, where Arab language and culture were dominant.
		As with other indigenous peoples in the world, Berbers are now protesting against the undervaluation of their culture and identity, and specifically about the absence of a written language and the lack of political influence.
	i-cias.com /e.o/berbers.htm (830 words)

	History:Spain
		In 711 Tariq ibn Ziyad, a Berber governor of Tangier, crossed into Spain with an army of 12,000 (landing at a promontory that was later named, in his honor, Jabal Tariq, or Mount Tariq, from which the name, Gibraltar, is derived).
		Nevertheless, the largest contingent of Moors in Spain consisted of the North African Berbers, recent converts to Islam, who were hostile to the sophisticated Arab governors and bureaucrats and were given to a religious enthusiasm and fundamentalism that were to set the standard for the Islamic community in Spain.
		Berber settlers fanned out through the country and made up as much as 20 percent of the population of the occupied territory.
	www.poblar.com /Rodriguez/Spain/Spain.htm (2238 words)

	Berber - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Their languages, the Berber languages, form a branch of the Afroasiatic linguistic family comprising many closely related varieties, including Kabyle,Tachelhit and Central Atlas Tamazight, with a total of roughly 14-25 million speakers.
		Before their conversion to Islam, some Berber groups had converted to Christianity (notably the Donatist heresy) or Judaism, while others had continued to practice traditional polytheism.
		The Berbers live mainly in Morocco (between 35%- 80% of the population) and in Algeria (about 15%-33% of the population), as well as Libya and Tunisia, though exact statistics are unavailable[3] (http://www.ethnologue.com/); see Berber languages#Population.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia?title=Berbers&redirect=no (3239 words)

	Berber -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The Berbers are scattered in tribes across Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt and tend to be concentrated in the mountain and desert regions of those countries.
		The Berber languages are spoken in scattered areas throughout northern Africa from Egypt westward to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Niger River northward to the Mediterranean Sea.
		The Berbers were the original inhabitants of the region, before the arrival of the Arabs in the 7th century.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9078700?&query=berber (607 words)

	Berber People
		In actuality, Berber is a generic name given to numerous heterogeneous ethnic groups that share similar cultural, political, and economic practices.
		Berber merchants were responsible for bringing goods from these cities to the north.
		Usually, groups of sedentary Berber paid allegience to a locally appointed headman, who in turn reported to the noble who considered the village his domain.
	www.uiowa.edu /~africart/toc/people/Berber.html (413 words)

	Berber (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Berber language in Tunisia, called Chelha, is currently facing extinction in the remaining few small towns in the southern part of the country (see travel pages on Chenini and Douiret).
		In Egypt, the Berber language is spoken along the coastal zone west of Alexandria, and in the oasis of Siwa.
		In Algeria, Berber identity is strong and proud, and there are centuies-old tensions between the Berbers of the mountains and the Arabs of the larger cities.
	i-cias.com /e.o/berber.htm (333 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Africa \| Moroccan schools teach Berber
		The move is a sign of increasing recognition of Moroccan Berbers, who have long complained of being denied their rights despite constituting the majority of the population.
		The fact that Berbers were the original inhabitants of North Africa before the Arab invasions of the 7th century has been seen as a potential challenge to their authority by Morocco's Arab rulers ever since.
		Berber activists say the Moroccan authorities' refusal to accept their distinctive heritage amounts to an attempt to destroy their cultural and linguistic identity.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/africa/3108678.stm (360 words)

	Afropop Worldwide
		Obviously, this is unacceptable to Berbers in general, so for those who believe this is the objective of contemporary governments, this is a life-and-death matter.
		In Algeria, where the Berber language rights movement is most overt and powerful, there have been periodic mass demonstrations since 1980 when the so-called Berber Spring uprising forced this issue into public view.
		In June of 2001, over 1-million Berber demonstrated in Algiers, and in May of 2002, Berber in the Tamazight-speaking region of Kabylia boycotted the country's parliamentary elections because they feel that the country's entire political system is rigged against them.
	www.afropop.org /multi/feature/ID/112 (4253 words)

	Berber languages - Gurupedia
		The Berber languages (or Tamazight) are a group of closely related languages mainly spoken in Morocco and Algeria.
		This state of affairs was protested by Berbers in Morocco and Algeria - especially Kabylie - and is now being addressed in both countries by introducing Berber language education and by recognizing Berber as a "national language", though not necessarily an official one.
		Subclassification of the Berber languages is made difficult by their mutual closeness; Maarten Kossmann (1999) describes it as two dialect continua, Northern Berber and Tuareg, and a few peripheral languages, spoken in isolated pockets largely surrounded by Arabic, that fall outside these continua, namely Zenaga and the Libyan and Egyptian varieties.
	www.gurupedia.com /b/be/berber_language.htm (668 words)

	African Tribes - Berber People
		Forty percent of the Moroccan population is Berber, 30% live in Algeria, and 1% in Tunisia.
		Berber is derived from the Roman term for barbarians.
		Berbers are traditionally Muslim, and societies are quite fragmented.
	www.africaguide.com /culture/tribes/berber.htm (366 words)

	Anita Berber \| Start \| Deutsche Welle \| 02.12.2006
		Anita Berber ist eine jener Nachtgestalten, die sich verzehren, die in eine kurze Zeitspanne ein Maximum an Leben hineinpacken.
		Dass Anita Berber nicht nur Femme Fatale war, sondern mit ihrem Tanz ein Anliegen hatte, das macht Lothar Fischer in seinem Buch deutlich.
		Aber das Publikum verkannte sie und wollte vor allem eins: die nackte Anita Berber sehen.
	www.dw-world.de /dw/article/0,2144,2198620,00.html (435 words)

	Welcome to the travel and tourism guide to Tunisia
		The original inhabitants of Tunisia were the Berbers, followed by settlers and tradesmen from throughout the Mediterranean basin.
		Bedouin tribes from the east arrived in the 11th century and further reinforced the Arabic language and Moslem religion.
		The Berbers initially resisted assimilation retreated to the mountains, the island of Jerba, or the arid regions of the south behind their earthen fortresses, ksours.Centuries of intermarriage and trade broke down their isolation.
	www.tourismtunisia.com /welcom/people.html (212 words)

	Roly Poly Berber Ball - Zanies
		Fun, squashy, Berber Balls are made soft as a cloud for heavenly chewing and snuggling.
		Each 5" ball features an embroidered Zanies logo and the rich, berber fabric retains dog's scent for a comforting experience.
		Roly Poly Berber Balls come in an assortement of colors, we choose.
	thepuppyshop.com /berberball.html (121 words)

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